ATI Chapter 4 Intravenous Therapy – Flashcards
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Advantages
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Rapid effects precise amounts less discomfort after insertion Maintains control over therapeutic blood levels
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Disadvantages
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Fluid overload possible Immediate absorption-CANT FIX ERROR Vein lining irritation Septicemia/ local infection
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Large-volume IV infusions
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continuous 0.9% NaCl at 100mL/hr
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Fluid bolus
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short period, large volume (<1hr) rapid replace hypovolemia dehy,shock,hemorrhage,burns
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What gauge needed to maintain rapid rate for fluid bolus?
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Large gauge catheter (18 gauge+)
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Volume-controlled infusions
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Intermittent (2-250mL) Antibiotics Short time period IV bag,bottle/tandem
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IV bolus dose
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Emergent/non emergent Pain meds(cental/PICC line) Extreme caution/ASSESS
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Trauma client size
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16 gauge (rapid fluid volume)
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Surgical client size
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18 (rapid blood administration)
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All other adult clients
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22 to 24
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Infiltration Signs
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Pallor local swelling < skin temp at site damp dressing slowed infusion
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Infiltration Treatment
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STOP,REMOVE Elevate entremity, ROM If restart, proximal to site or diff extremity
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Extravasation Signs
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Pain burning redness swelling
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Extravasation Treatment
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STOP, NoteProvider Protocol at facility May infuse antidote thru catheter b4 removal
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Hematoma Signs
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Ecchymosis at site
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Hematoma Treatment
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NO alcohol Apply pressure after IV cath rem WARM compress/elevation AFTER bleeding
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Catheter Embolus Signs
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Missing catheter tip when discontinued Severe pain @ migration site No symptoms+No migration
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Catheter Embolus Treatment
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Tourniquet high < venous flow Removal xray/surgery Save catheter to determine cause
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Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis Signs
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Edema Throbbing/Burning/Pain @ site >Skin temp Erythema Slowed infusion *Palpable hard mass ^ insertion site
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Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis Tmt
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DISCONTINUE Elevate extremity Document estimate fluid Coldcirculation Drainage=culture
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Cellulitis Signs
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Pain Warmth Edema Red streaking Fever,chills Malaise
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Cellulitis Treatment
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DISCONTINUE Elevate WARM 3/4xday Culture Antibiotics/Analgesics/Antipy
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Fluid Overload Signs
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Distended neck veins > BP Tachycardia SOB Crackles, edema
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Fluid Overload Trmt
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Slow IV rate ^ Head of bead Assess vitals Anticipate diuretics
