Ap Human Geography Unit 2 Answers – Flashcards
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Activity Space
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The area within which people move freely on their rounds of regular activity.
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Agricultural Density
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The number of rural residents per unit of agriculturally productive land.
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Arithmetic Density
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The number of people per unit area of land.
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Awareness Space
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Locations of places about which an individual has knowledge even without visiting all of them.
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Carrying Capacity
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The maximum population numbers that an area can support on a continuing basis without experiencing unacceptable deterioration.
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Chain Migration
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The process by which migration movements from a common home area to a specific destination are sustained by links of friendship or kinship between first movers and later followers.
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Channelized Migration
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The tendency for migration to flow between areas that are socially and economically allied by past migration patterns, by economic and trade connections.
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Cohort
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A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit during their lifetimes.
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Complementarity
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The actual or potential relationship of two places or regions that each produce different goods or services for which the other has an effective demand.
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Counter Migration
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The return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated.
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Critical Distance
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The distance beyond which cost, effort, and/or means play a determining role in the willingness of people to travel.
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Crude Birth Rate
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The ratio of the number of live births during one year to the total population.
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Crude Death Rate
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A mortality index usually calculated as the number of deaths per year per 1000 population.
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Demographic Equation
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A mathematical expression that summarizes the contribution of different demographic processes to the population change of a given area during a specified time period.
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Demographic Momentum
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The tendency for population growth to continue despite stringent family planning programs because of a relatively high concentration of people in the childbearing years.
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Demographic Transition
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A model of the effect of economic development on population growth.
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Demography
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The scientific study of population, with particular emphasis upon quantitative aspects.
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Dependency Ratio
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The number of dependents old or young, that each 100 persons in the economically productive years must on average support.
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Distance Decay
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The declining intensity of any activity, process, or function with increasing distance from its point of origin.
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Doubling Time
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The time period required for any beginning total experiencing a compounding growth to double in size.
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Ecumene
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That part of the earth's surface physically suitable for permanent human settlement; the permanently inhabited areas of the earth.
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Forced Migration
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Refers to the forced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region.
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Friction of Distance
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A measurement of the retarding or restricting effect of distance on spatial interaction.
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Gravity Model
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A mathematic prediction of the interaction between two bodies as a function of their size and of the distance separating them.
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Homeostatic Plateau
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The application of the concept of homeostasis, or relatively stable state of equilibrium, to the balance between population numbers and areal resources.
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Intercontinental Migration
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Migration flow involving movement across international borders.
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Intervening Opportunity
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The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.
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J-Curve
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A curve shaped like the letter J. depicting exponential or geometric growth. Looks like X^2
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Law of Retail Gravitation
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The proposition by William J. Reilly that the breaking point or boundary marking the outer edge of either of two cities' trade areas is located by the expression:
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Malthus
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English economist, demographer, and cleric who suggested that unless self-control, war, or natural disaster checks population it will inevitably increase faster than the food supplies needed to sustain it.
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Migration
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The permanent relocation of an individual or group to a new, usually distant, place of residence and employment.
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Mobility
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All types of movement from one location to another.
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Mortality Rate
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A mortality index usually calculated as the number of deaths per year per 1000 population.
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Movement Bias
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Any aggregate control on or regularity of movement of people, commodities, or communication.
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Natural Increase
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The growth of a population through excess of births over deaths, excluding the effects of immigration or emigration.
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neo-Malthusianism
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The advocacy of population control programs to preserve and improve general national prosperity and well-being.
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Network
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The areal pattern of sets of places and the routes connecting them along which movement can take place.
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Nonecumene
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That portion of the earth's surface that is uninhabited or only temporarily or intermittently inhabited.
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Overpopulation
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A value judgment that the resources of an area are insufficient to sustain adequately its present population numbers.
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Personal Communication Field
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An area defined by the distribution of an individual's short-range informal communications.
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Personal Space
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An invisible, usually irregular area around a person into which he or she does not willingly admit others.
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Physiological Density
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The number of persons per unit area of cultivable land.
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Place Perception
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The acquisition of information about a place or thing through sensory means.
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Place Utility
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A measure of an individual's perceived satisfaction of approval of a place in its social, economic, or environmental attributes.
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Population Pyramid
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A bar graph in pyramid form showing the age and sex composition of a population, usually a national one.
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Potential Model
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A measurement of the total interaction opportunities available under gravity model assumptions to a center in a multicenter system.
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Pull Factor
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Characteristics of a locale that act as attractive forces, drawing migrants from other regions.
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Push Factor
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Unfavorable characteristics of a locale that contribute to the dissatisfaction of its residents and impel their emigration.
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Rate of Natural Increase
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The rate that describes the birth rate minus the death rate.
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Rate
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The frequency of an event's occurrence during a specified time period.
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Refugee
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A person who flees their homeland because their life is in danger.
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Reily's Law
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Also known as the law of retail law of gravitation.
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Replacement Level
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The number of children per woman that will supply just enough births to replace parents and compensate for early deaths.
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Return Migration
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The return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated. Synonym of counter migration.
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S-Curve
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The horizontal bending, or leveling, of an exponential or J-Curve. Looks like X^3.
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Space-Time Prism
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A diagram of the volume of space and the length of time within which our activities are confined by constraints of our bodily needs and the means of mobility at our command.
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Spatial Interaction
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The movement (e.g., of people, goods, information) between different places.
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Spatial Search
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The process by which individuals evaluate the alternative locations to which they might move.
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Step Migration
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A migration in which an eventual long-distance relocation is undertaken in stages.
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Territoriality
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An individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly define territory considered partially or wholly and exclusive domain.
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Total Fertility Rate
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The average number of children that would be born to each woman if during her childbearing years she bore children at the current year's rate for women that age.
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Transferability
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Acceptable costs of a spatial exchange; the cost of moving a commodity relative to the ability of the commodity to bear that cost.
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Transhumance
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A pattern of regular seasonal movement by human groups.
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Voluntary Migration
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Movement in response to perceived opportunity; not forced.
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Zero Population Growth
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A term suggesting a population in equilibrium, fully stable with births equaling deaths. (Plus emigration)
