question

Afrikaners

answer

a Southern African ethnic group descended from predominantly Dutch settlers first arriving in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

question

Apartheid

answer

A system of legal racial segregation enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by whites was maintained.

question

Nelson Mandela

answer

Leader of the African National Congress who was jailed for his opposition to apartheid in South Africa. He was later elected president in 1994 when free elections were established, and was instrumental in a new democratic constitution being written in 1996.

question

Austria-Hungary

answer

Was a constitutional union of the Empire of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary, that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. This country was one of the Central Powers in World War I. Ethnic cleansing: Persecution of Serbs conducted by government authorities was the first large-scale persecution of people in Bosnia and Herzegovina because of their ethnicity. The "anti-bandit" actions of the Schutzkorps in eastern Bosnia were the first occurrence of active "ethnic cleansing" in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

question

Balkanization

answer

A geopolitical term, originally used to describe the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one another. the process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. The term refers to the division of the Balkan peninsula, formerly ruled almost entirely by the Ottoman Empire, into a number of smaller states between 1817 and 1912. The term however came into common use in the immediate aftermath of the First World War, with reference to the numerous new states that arose from the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

question

Blockbusting

answer

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood.

question

Redlining

answer

The practice of denying, or charging more for, services such as banking, insurance, access to health care, or even supermarkets, or denying jobs to residents in particular, often racially determined, areas. A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. Today, this is officially illegal.

question

Caucasus

answer

A region at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black and the Caspian seas, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan. This region gets it's name from the mountains that separate Russia from Azerbaijan and Georgia. This region is home to several ethnicities.

question

Caucasian

answer

A term used to describe the physical or biological type of some or all of the populations of Europe, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia, and certain parts of South Asia. The term was used in biological anthropology for many people from these regions, without regard necessarily to skin tone. The name derived from the Southern Caucasus/Transcaucasia region (or what are now the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia)

question

Centripetal Force

answer

Unifying, an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. Nationalism for example.

question

Centrifugal Force

answer

a force that divides people and countries

question

Chechnya

answer

A federal subject (a republic) of Russia. It is located in the North Caucasus, situated in the southernmost part of Eastern Europe. This region was brought under Russia after a 50 year fight. The people of this region declared independence from Russia, but Russia ignored their declaration of independence and sent in the Russian army to regain control of the territory. This region was valuable to Russia because it contained deposits of petroleum.

question

Cultural Diversity

answer

the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society

question

Darfur/South Sudan

answer

Western section of the country of Sudan which has suffered civil war since 2003 and has had over 500,000 people killed and 21/2 million people displaced from their homes. Genocide of the Black Christians in this region, that was applied by the Muslim and Arab North.

question

Denmark

answer

A good example of a nation-state. The ethnicity of the people living in this territory, Danish, closely corresponds to the state. Nearly all Danes speak the same language, Danish, and most of the Danish speaking population lives in this state. This state is very unified.

question

Discrimination

answer

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

question

Ethnic Cleansing

answer

when a powerful group forcibly removes or systematically annihilates a less powerful ethnicity in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region. the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.

question

Ethnicity

answer

the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition, self identified (people who share cultural traditions)

question

Race

answer

Identity of a group of people descended from a common ancestor, DNA.

question

Mahatma Ghandi

answer

the leading Hindu advocate of nonviolence, freed India from English rule.

question

Ghetto

answer

A neighborhood in a city set up by law to be inhabited by only Jews; now used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority group live because of social, legal, or economic pressure.

question

Genocide

answer

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.

question

Gypsies

answer

An ethnic group that was targeted and harmed during the Holocaust. This ethnic group originates from the Northern part of India, and migrated throughout the Middle East and Europe. Traditionally, a nomad ethnic group mostly living in Europe.

question

Hispanic

answer

Of or relating to Spain or to Spanish-speaking countries, especially those of Latin America. Usually refers to the ethnicity.

question

Holocaust

answer

the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period 1941-45. More than 6 million European Jews, as well as members of other persecuted groups, such as gypsies and homosexuals, were murdered at concentration camps such as Auschwitz.

question

Horn of Africa

answer

The easternmost projection of Africa —variously used to refer to the region including Somalia, SE or all of Ethiopia, often Djibouti, and sometimes Eritrea, Sudan, & Kenya. There is a lot of ethnic competition due to having ethnic division inside a single state.

question

Jim Crow Laws

answer

state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these laws continued in force until 1965.

question

Kashmir

answer

The region of the undecided boundary between India and Pakistan. Muslims have fought guerrilla war to secure reunification of this region, either as a part of Pakistan or as an independent country. A region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent; India and Pakistan dispute control of it because of the 1947 Partition

question

Kerner Commission Report

answer

An 11-member commission established by President Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States and to provide recommendations for the future. The report's most famous passage warned, "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal."

question

Kosovo

answer

A country that was previously part of Yugoslavia. The region of Yugoslavia that had autonomy until Milosovic attempted to crush the Albanian group with ethnic cleansing; 1999 NATO used military strikes against Yugoslavia until the crisis came to an end in 1999.

question

Kurds

answer

Members of a mainly pastoral Islamic people living in Kurdistan, which is a region that is split up among existing countries. A minority ethnicity that is divided among several states. These people (and other non-Arab populations) are victims of a genocidal campaign in northern Iraq, led by Ali Hassan al-Majid in the final stages of Iran-Iraq War.

question

Multiethnic State

answer

a state containing more than one ethnicity, for example many African countries.

question

Multinational State

answer

a state made up of countries with different governments, for example the United Kingdom.

question

Nationalism

answer

allegiance to a nationality, patriotism.

question

Nationality

answer

Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there.

question

Nation-State

answer

a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.

question

Ottoman Empire

answer

Also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia. In 1915, as the Russian Caucasus Army continued to advance into eastern Anatolia, the government of this region started the deportation of its ethnic Armenian population, resulting in the death of approximately 1.5 million Armenians in what became known as the Armenian Genocide. The genocide was carried out during and after World War I. This region was broken up by the Versailles Treaty.

question

Plessy v. Ferguson

answer

U.S. Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.

question

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

answer

A landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

question

Prussia

answer

a former state in N Europe: became a military power in the 18th century and in 1871 led the formation of the German empire; formally abolished as an administrative unit in 1947

question

Quebec

answer

A province of Canada that has been wanting to become their own country, apart from Canada. This ethnicity wants to have their own nationality.

question

Racism

answer

Belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.

question

Segregation

answer

The action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart. The enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.

question

Self-determination

answer

Ethnicities have the right to govern themselves. The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government.

question

Separate but equal

answer

A legal doctrine in United States constitutional law that justified and permitted racial segregation as not being in breach of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens, and other federal civil rights laws.

question

Sharecropper

answer

Farmer who works land owned by another and is required to give the landowner a set percentage of the harvest - what many former slaves became after the Civil War. For example, A tenant farmer who gives a part of each crop as rent.

question

Somalia

answer

The inhabitants of this country are divided among several ethnic clans, each of which are divided into subclans. In 1991, the dictatorship collapsed and this lead to many of the clans and subclans claiming control over different portions of the country. Thousands of people died due to famine and warfare among clans.

question

Srebrenica

answer

a Bosnian town in the easternmost Bosnia and Herzegovina. The genocidal killing, in July 1995, of more than 8,000 Muslim Bosniaks, mainly men and boys, in and around the town, during the Bosnian War. The killings were perpetrated by units of the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska. In April 1993, the United Nations declared this area (an enclave) a "safe area" under UN protection.

question

Tamil

answer

One of the two principal ethnicities in Sri Lanka. This ethnicity is of the Hindu religion. This ethnicity feels like they suffer from discrimination at the hands of the Sinahlese-dominated government and have received support for rebellion that began in 1983. The long war between these two ethnicities ended when this certain ethnicity was defeated.

question

Trans-national People

answer

Redefines traditional notions of citizenship and replaces an individual's singular national loyalties with the ability to belong to multiple nation states, as made visible in the political, cultural, social and economic realms.

question

Triangular Slave Trade

answer

A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa.

question

Velvet Divorce

answer

The Dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self-determined split of the federal state of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

question

White flight

answer

a term that originated in the United States, starting in the mid-20th century, and applied to the large-scale migration of whites of various European ancestries from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban or exurban regions.

question

Yugoslavia

answer

A country in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918. Country in the Balkans which existed during the often-tumultous interwar era of 1918-1939. Its provinces were named (from north to south) Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, while the regions of Kosovo and Vojvodina remained as municipalities of the Serbian province.

AP Human Geography – Chapter 7 – Vocab – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards