AP Human Geography chapter 6 key issue 2 and 3 – Flashcards
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Where does Islam trace their beginnings to?
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Abraham's son Ishmael. Ishmael and his mom wandered through the desert and came to Mecca. (hundreds of years later, a descendant, Muhammad, was born there)
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What do people call Muhammad?
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the prophet (claims to have received messages from the angel Gabriel)
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What is the holy book of Islam?
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The Quran
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When was siddhartha gautama born?
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around 563 BC (he was rich but things changed when he traveled and saw the sick, old, and poor. He met a monk who taught him how to meditate and claimed to have achieved nirvana.) He traveled india spreading his teachings
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What are the 2 branches of Buddhism today?
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Mahayana and Theravada
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How did the Sunni and Shites come about?
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They split over a disagreement about leadership of islam after Muhammad's death
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Does Hinduism have just one founder?
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no (evolved over thousands of years)
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Each of the worlds largest universalizing religions originated where?
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a specific hearth. (ethnic religions remained more localized)
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How did Christianity spread?
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Relocation diffusion as a form of migration. Also through contagious diffusion as christians met other people. It spread by hierarchical as leaders, even roman emperors, converted to Christianity (migration spread Christianity)
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Why is Latin America mostly roman Catholic?
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spanish settling there (quebec..french settled there.) (Boston, MA...Irish catholics immigrated there)
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When did Christians first bury the dead?
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Started in ancient Rome where bodies were buried in underground cities called catacombs
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What is the problem with burying people in China?
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it takes up land that could be farmed
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What do Hindus usually do with the dead?
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cremation (bodies are usually washed in the Ganges river, then build on a pyre. some expose bodies to the elements. In Micronesia some cast the dead in the sea)
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Who are the Utopians?
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A group that established religious settlements in the US at one time. (130 at one time. The most famous is Salt Lake Day in Utah, established by Mormons)
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What is a hierarchical religion?
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A religion that organized territory into local administrative units. (mormons and catholic)
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List the order of the Catholic church's leadership
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Pope, archbishop, bishop, and priest
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Which 2 religions are autonomous (self sufficient)
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Islam and Protestant (islam has nothing like a pope. Local mosques have no one governing them. Protestant denominations have little/no hierarchical structure. except some episcopalian and presbyterian)
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Even though Islam is an autonomous religion, what serves as a unifying element?
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language
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Where do muslims worship?
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mosques (face the east, MECCA. Many have minarets where muzzans call people to prayer with his voice or over a speaker.)
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Where do Hindus worship?
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temples (usually house shrines for a god or goddess)
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Do entire congregations gather in Hindu temples?
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no
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Where do buddhists worship?
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pagodas (often contain relics from buddha)
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When did Islam spread?
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after Muhammads death
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Within 100 years, Muslim armies had conquered all of which places?
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Arabia, the persian empire, and much of India
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Islam spread west and conquered which places?
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Saharan africa and even eastern and central europe
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Where did Arab traders bring Islam in the 1200's
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Indonesia
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Did Buddhism diffuse rapidly?
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no
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When did Buddhism begin to spread?
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when an asian emperor named Asoka converted to Buddhism.( His son went to the island of Sri Lanka.) Buddhism has spread to china and japan
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Do ethnic religions diffuse fast or slow?
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slow
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Can ethnic religions mix with universalizing?
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yes In africa, as christianity spread, tribal religions blended into christianity
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How can ethnic religions diffuse?
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migration (The island of Mauritius was uninhabited until the 1600's when the Dutch came. They brought christianity, then indians brought buddhism and french brought catholicism. Today it's a mixture of religions)
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Name an exception to the slow diffusion of ethnic religions
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Judaism
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When did Judaism spread?
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When Romans forced Jews to leave Jerusalem in the first century. They migrated all over europe and into russia. (often persecuted and forced to live in ghettos)
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In ethnic religions, what are holy places connected to?
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nature (mountains or rivers)
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Explain buddhist shrines
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buddhism has 8 places that are considered holy. All associated with the life of Buddha. (4 of the places are where he supposedly performed miracles)
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Explain Islam holy places
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The holiest place in Islam is Mecca. (prophet Muhammad's birthplace)
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What is the Kaaba
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tubelike building containing a sacred stone that muslims believe was given to Abraham. The second holy place is Medina. (all muslims make a pilgrimage to these sites called the Hajj. both places are in Saudi Arabia.)
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Why do hindus visit the mountain of Kailas?
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they believed Siva lives there. (the ganges river is also holy. btw siva is a god)
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What is cosmogony?
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origin of the Earth (ethnic religions have a unique view of this)
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What are the 2 opposing forces the chinese religions believe in?
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yin and yang (exists in all things and needs to be balanced)
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Are ethnic of universalizing religions more clustered?
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ethnic
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Which type of religion often has holidays based on specific geography associated with a country? (ethnic of universalizing)
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ethnic (celebrate seasons)
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Which type of religion usually makes their holidays about events in their Founder's life? (ethnic of universalizing)
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universalizing (the holiday isn't tied to a place)
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In ethnic religions, seasons are based on what?
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planting and harvesting
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Judaism used what type of calendar?
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lunar
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Months in Israel have how many days?
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29 and an extra month every 7 out of 19 years
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Islam uses what type of calendar?
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lunar
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Which religion has 30 years cycles with 19 years of 354 days and 11 years of 355 days?
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Islam
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Muslims celebrate an entire month called what?
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Ramadan (fast during daylight hours)
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When is Easter?
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The first Sunday after the first full moon following the spring equinox
