AP Human Geography: Chapter 5 Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Creolized Language
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Definition: a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated Real World Example: French Creole in Haiti, Papiamento
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Dialect
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Definition: a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and punctuation Real World Example: Then English dialect was first spoken by the first colonists
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Extinct Language
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Definition: a language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used Real World Example: 473 languages are nearly extinct
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Isogloss
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Definition: a boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate Real World Example: an imaginary line that separates us with Canada
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Isolated Language
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Definition: a language that is unrelated to any other languages and there fore not attached to any language family Real World Example: they aren't attached to a language family
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Language
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Definition: a system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning Real World Example: English is a language
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Language Branch
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Definition: a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago Real World Example: West Slavic is a language branch
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Language Family
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Definition: a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history Real World Example: an Indo-European is a type of language group
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Language Group
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Definition: a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relativity recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary Real World Example: a language group is the Austronesian
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Lingua Franca
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Definition: a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages Real World Example: English is know as a lingua franca
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Literary Tradition
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Definition: a language that is written as well as spoken Real World Example: several languages lack one
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Logogram
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Definition: a symbol that represents a word rather than a sound Real World Example: a Chinese logogram for a river looks like a river
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Official Language
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Definition: the language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents Real World Example: English is the official language of the United States
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Pidgin Language
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Definition: a form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca Real World Example: a group that learns English
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Spanglish
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Definition: a combination of Spanish and English spoken by Hispanic Americans Real World Example: linkear is the the Spanglish word for "to link"
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Standard Language
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Definition: the form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communication Real World Example: English
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Linguistic Geography
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Definition: the study of speech areas and their local variations Real World Example: a toponymy is the study of place names
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Language Divergance
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Definition: spatial interaction between speakers break down causing new words to develop Real World Example: British/American Language
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Language Convergence
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Definition: two languages become one because of close spatial interaction Real World Example: Areas in Asia that speak tribal languages, two of the areas combine to form a mixture of those languages
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Language Fragmentation
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Definition: occurs when people in a country speak many different languages Real World Example: carded by physical or cultural barriers
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Toponymy
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Definition: the study of place names Real World Example: they can show us the history of a place and the culture of a people
