AP Human Geography: Chapter 4- Language – Flashcards
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Where is Basque primarily spoken?
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Basque was spoken in Europe before the Indo-European languages It is now the first language of people in the Pyrenees Mountains of northern Spain and southwestern France
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What types of languages are still being added to the language list?
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Semitic?
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Define Lingua Franca.
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A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.
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What are the parts of the language theory?
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...
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What are the parts of the Anatolian hearth theory?
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It is the Sedentary Farmer Thesis It was proposed by Renfrew 1st protonindo euro speakers lived in present day Turkey trading of food and agricultural technology leads to diffusion of language
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The survival of a language depends on what 2 factors?
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military and political strength of its speakers
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What is the exact definition of a language family?
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A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history
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Isolation of people leads to what in terms of languages?
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differences in languages for example vocabulary, spelling, dialect, pronunciation
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What is the leading language of the internet?
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English
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What is the most important language family in Sub-Saharan Africa?
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Niger Congo
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English belongs to what language branch?
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Indo-European
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What are the 6 official UN languages?
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Arabic French English Mandarin Russian Spanish
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What are the official languages of Switzerland?
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German French Italian Romansh
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What are the differences between American and British English? How was the vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation different?
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Isolation created different dialects new inventions and discovery of new plants and animals Noah Webster standardized spelling and created a unique American language
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What is the most widely spoken language in Brazil?
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Portugese
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Define Franglais. 1st speakers of the language that English developed from lived in present day what?
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A term used by the French for English words that have entered the French language; a combination of French and English
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Why is English the most important language in America (history)?
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America was settled by the British. and british speakers moved to america and everyone else who moved to america spoke a language similar to english
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What is the 2nd most widely spoken language family in Europe?
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Romance
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Where do the Flemings and the Walloons live?
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Belgium
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What are 3 European countries not dominated by Indo-European speakers?
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Estonia Finland Hungary
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What are the Proto languages?
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What is the most widely spoken Indo-European language?
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English
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Why did different dialects develop in England?
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their is five different regions different people settled in different places
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Define isogloss.
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A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate
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Why do Flemings and Walloons speak different languages?
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the boundary between the Romance and Germanic branches run through Belgium
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What are the two most important languages in South America?
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Portugese and Spanish
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Why has English achieved unprecedented acceptance as a language?
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Most of the places that use English have been colonized by the same people
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What is an ideogram?
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The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or a concept rather than a specific sound, as is the case with letters in English.
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Define literary tradition.
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A language that is written as well as spoken.
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What happened to the East Germanic language group?
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Goths were converted to other languages because of political/religious preferences
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What is the "Vulgar Latin"?
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Form of latin that is not standard literary but spoken form of the masses
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Who were the 3 Germanic invaders of English?
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Angles Saxons Jutes
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English belongs to what language group?
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Germanic
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What are the 4 most frequently spoken branches of the Indo-European branch? What are the four minor?
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Indo-Iranian Romance Germanic Balto-Slavic Albanian Armenian Greek Celtic
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Which region of the American colonies had the most diversity?
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Mid Atlantic
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Is basque an isolated language? Why is it a isolated languages?
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Yes, because it is specific to a certain group of people and is not widely used
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What is the full definition of language branch?
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A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago.
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Explain Gimbutas' theory in detail.
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The Nomadic Warrior Thesis 1st Proto into euro speakers were the Kurgan people who lived on the steppes between Kazakhstan and Russia earliest evidence from 4300 BC they had domesticated animals and needed grass lands defeated much of Europe and South Asia
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Define creolized language.
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A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.
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What are the ideogram languages?
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Japanese Chinese
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What is the language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world?
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Mandarin Chinese
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Why has the Icelandic language not changed much?
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They had little contact with the rest of the world and had less opportunity to learn new words and no reason to change their language
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What is the Bulgaria language family?
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Balto-Slavic
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Who were the invaders of England and how did they change the language?
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Germans and Normans invaded England the Germans added German influence and the Normans added French influences
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What was the 1st language of England? Where was Celtic originally spoken? Where is it spoken today? What two groups is the Celtic branch divided into? What are the two Gaelic languages to survive?
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Celtic Germany France northern Italy British Isles Scottish Wales Ireland Brittany Gaelic and Brythonic Irish and Scottish Gaelic
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What is the most popular secondary languages of the US and Canada?
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Spanish and French
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Pidgin languages in detail. What is a pidgin language? How is a pidgin language created?
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A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages. By learning a few grammar rules and words of a Lingua Franca, while mixing some elements of their own languages.
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What is the second largest language family?
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Sino-Tibetan
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What is the key language of Pakistan?
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Hindustani
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How do Australia's and New Zealand's language policies differ?
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New Zealand requires immigrants are fluent in English and tries to preserve local culture. Australia requires immigrants to learn English and promotes the use of english throughout Australia
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What are the key Romance languages?
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Spanish Portugese French Italian
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What are the two theories of how language spread? What are the two theses?
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war and conquest based on diffusion Nomadic Warrior Thesis Sedentary Farmer Thesis
