AP Human Geography Chapter 4 Key Terms (Rubenstein) – Flashcards
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custom
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a repetitive act of a croup, performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic of the group
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folk culture
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culture that is practiced by small homogenous groups living in an isolated area
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habit
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a repetitive act performed by an individual
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popular culture
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culture that is practiced by large heterogeneous groups over a large area
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taboo
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refusal to eat particular plants or animals that are thought to embody negative forces in the environment
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terrior
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the contribution of a location's distinctive physical features on the way a food tastes (especially important with wines)
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cultural landscape (built environment)
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tangible result of a human group's interaction with its environment
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sequent occupance
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theory that a place is occupied by different groups of people, each group leaving an imprint on the place from which the next group learns
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cultural determinism
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humans will overcome the restrictions of the local environment through the use of technology
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cultural trait
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a single attribute of culture (bowing or shaking hands)
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nonmaterial culture
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cultural traits that are intangible such as beliefs and attitudes
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culture complex/cultural realm
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the combination of all cultural traits (animay, bowing, samurai all put together)
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culture system
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incorporate variations in cultural traits while recognizing similarities
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cultural hearth
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places where important ideas began and from which they spread
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relocation diffusion
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the spread of cultural traits through the movement of people
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migrant diffusion
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a type of relocation diffusion where the influence of a culture only lasts a short time
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maladaptive diffusion
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adoption of a diffusing trait that is impractical for a region or culture
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distance decay
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the decreased influence of a culture or cultural trait the further the distance from its hearth
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spatial diffusion
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spread of any phenomena across space and time. Cultural diffusion is a form of this diffusion in which cultural phenomena diffuse
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environmental determinism
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the local environment will determine local culture
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possibilism
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the local environment might influence local culture
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expansion diffusion
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a subtype of diffusion in which a trait spreads outward from its hearth while remaining strong in the original location through hierarchical, contagious, or stimulus patterns
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hierarchical diffusion
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the spread and reinforcement of a cultural trait from a position of power or authority to those with less power or authority
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contagious diffusion
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the rapid and expansive spread of a cultural trait
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stimulus diffusion
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when one cultural trait emerges out of another
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cultural convergence
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the adoption of a culture or cultural trait by people who live away from it's hearth
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acculturation
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when people migrate to another country, the immigrant will adopt aspects of the new culture and add the new traits to the traits of their home culture
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assimilation
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when a "weaker" culture adopts traits from a dominant culture
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transculturation
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two cultures that have equal influence on each other without the same effects of acculturation or assimilation
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cultural extinction
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obliteration of an entire culture by war, disease, acculturation or any combination of the three
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S curve
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the shape that shows that rate at which cultural traits are adopted
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innovator
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someone who introduces a new cultural trait
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early adopter
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someone who adopts a new cultural trait early in the diffusion process
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late adopter
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someone who resists the spread of a new culture trait
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globalization
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the spread and subsequent adoption of a cultural trait across many cultures and counties
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cultural imperialism
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when a one cultural system from another part of the world invades and dominates a local cultural system
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cultural divergence (cultural nationalism)
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wen a group of people resists the influence of a particular cultural system
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xenophobia
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the fear of alien people and cultures
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perceptual region/vernacular region
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area with boundaries that are defined by a cultural trait or beliefs, attitudes and opinions
