question

Arrangement of the elements is fulcrum-load-effect. example: wheelbarrow Stand on tip toe. a) Second-class lever b) Third-class lever c) First-class lever

answer

a) Second-class lever

question

Humerus -- ulna joint. a) Second-class lever b) Third-class lever c) First-class lever

answer

b) Third-class lever Arrangement of the elements is load-efford-fulcrum example: tweezers and forceps Flexing the forearm by the biceps brachii muscle.

question

Tibia -- calcaneus joint. a) Second-class lever b) Third-class lever c) First-class lever

answer

a) Second-class lever Arrangement of the elements is fulcrum-load-effect. example: wheelbarrow Stand on tip toe.

question

Humerus -- metacarpal joint. a) Second-class lever b) Third-class lever c) First-class lever

answer

c) First-class lever Arrangement of the elements is load-fulcrum-effort. example: scissors Raises your neck off your chest.

question

Arrangement of the elements is load-fulcrum-effort. example: scissors Raises your neck off your chest. a) Second-class lever b) Third-class lever c) First-class lever

answer

c) First-class lever

question

The action of lifting a shovel of snow. a) Second-class lever b) Third-class lever c) First-class lever

answer

b) Third-class lever

question

Arm abduction and rotation a) Sternocleidomastoid b) Pectoralis major c) Pectoralis minor d) Coracobrachialis e) Serratus anterior

answer

b) Pectoralis major

question

Prime mover to protract and hold the scapula against the chest wall; rotates scapula so that its inferior angle moves laterally and upward. a) Sternocleidomastoid b) Pectoralis major c) Pectoralis minor d) Coracobrachialis e) Serratus anterior

answer

e) Serratus anterior

question

A muscle that has its origin on the manubrium of the sternum and medial portion of the clavicle, and its insertion in the mastoid process of the temporal bone. a) Sternocleidomastoid b) Pectoralis major c) Pectoralis minor d) Coracobrachialis e) Serratus anterior

answer

a) Sternocleidomastoid

question

With ribs fixed, draws scapula forward and downward; with scapula fixed, daws rib cage superiorly. a) Sternocleidomastoid b) Pectoralis major c) Pectoralis minor d) Coracobrachialis e) Serratus anterior

answer

c) Pectoralis minor pectus = chest, breast minor = lesser Origin: anterior surfaces of the ribs 3-5 (or 2-4) Insertion: coracoid process of scapula

question

The smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. a) Sternocleidomastoid b) Pectoralis major c) Pectoralis minor d) Coracobrachialis e) Serratus anterior

answer

d) Coracobrachialis The Coracobrachialis is the smallest of the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula. (The other two muscles are pectoralis minor and biceps brachii.) It is situated at the upper and medial part of the arm.

question

Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates scapula. a) Levator scapulae b) Trapezius muscle c) Rhomboid d) Teres major muscle e) Latissimus dorsi

answer

b) Trapezius muscle trapezion = irregular four-sided figure Most superficial muscle of poserior thorax; flat, and triangular in shape; upper fibers run horizontally to scapula; lower fibers run superiorly to scapula.

question

Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus. a) Levator scapulae b) Trapezius muscle c) Rhomboid d) Teres major muscle e) Latissimus dorsi

answer

d) Teres major muscle Thick, rounded muscle; located inferior to teres minor; helps to form posterior wall of axilla (along with latissimus dorsi and subscapularis)

question

Prime mover of arm extension; powerful arm adductor; medially rotates arm at shoulder. a) Levator scapulae b) Trapezius muscle c) Rhomboid d) Teres major muscle e) Latissimus dorsi

answer

e) Latissimus dorsi latissimus = widest dorsi = back Broad, flat, triangular muscle of lower back (lumbar region); extensive superfical origins; covered by trapezius superiorly; contributes to the posterior wall of axilla

question

Rotates scapula. a) Levator scapulae b) Trapezius muscle c) Rhomboid d) Teres major muscle e) Latissimus dorsi

answer

b) Trapezius muscle trapezion = irregular four-sided figure Most superficial muscle of poserior thorax; flat, and triangular in shape; upper fibers run horizontally to scapula; lower fibers run superiorly to scapula.

question

Retracts scapula. a) Levator scapulae b) Trapezius muscle c) Rhomboid d) Teres major muscle e) Latissimus dorsi

answer

d) Teres major muscle Thick, rounded muscle; located inferior to teres minor; helps to form posterior wall of axilla (along with latissimus dorsi and subscapularis)

question

Elevates/adducts scapula. a) Levator scapulae b) Trapezius muscle c) Rhomboid d) Teres major muscle e) Latissimus dorsi

answer

a) Levator scapulae levator = raises Located at back and side of neck, deep to trapezius; thick, straplike muscle.

question

Flexes the wrist. a) Flexor digitorum profundus b) Flexor carpi ulnaris c) Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis d) Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

answer

b) Flexor carpi ulnaris flex = decrease angle between two bones. ulnar = ulna carpi = wrist Powerful flexor of wrist; also adducts hand. Most medial muscle of this group; two headed; ulna nerve lies lateral to its tendon.

question

Slow-acting finger flexor a) Flexor digitorum profundus b) Flexor carpi ulnaris c) Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis d) Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

answer

a) Flexor digitorum profundus profund = deep Flexes distal interphalangel joints.

question

Powerful wrist flexors that also stabilize the wrist during finger extension. a) Flexor digitorum profundus b) Flexor carpi ulnaris c) Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis d) Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

answer

b) Flexor carpi ulnaris

question

Extends and abduts the wrist. a) Flexor digitorum profundus b) Flexor carpi ulnaris c) Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis d) Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

answer

c) Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis extend = increase angle between two bones. brevis = short radialis = radias

question

Extends the thumb. a) Flexor digitorum profundus b) Flexor carpi ulnaris c) Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis d) Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

answer

d) Extensor pollicis longus and brevis Deep muscle pair with a common origin and action.

question

Muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle. a) Antagonist b) Agonist c) Synergist d) Fixator

answer

A) Antagonist = against the leaders

question

Muscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle. a) Antagonist b) Agonist c) Synergist d) Fixator

answer

d) Fixator When synergists immobilize a bone or a muscle's origin so that the prime mover has a stable base in which to act, they are more specifically called fixators.

question

Muscle that is primarily responsible for bringing about a particualr movement. a) Antagonist b) Agonist c) Synergist d) Fixator

answer

b) Agonist or prime mover = leader

question

Muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement. a) Antagonist b) Agonist c) Synergist d) Fixator

answer

c) Synergist syn = together erg = work Synergists help prime movers by 1) adding a little extra force to the same movement or 2) reducing undesirable or unnessary movements that might occur as the prime mover contracts.

question

A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever. True / False

answer

False 1st class lever = scissors 2nd class lever = wheelbarrel 3red class lever = tweezers

question

Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage. True / False

answer

False 1st and 3rd operate at a mechanical disadvantage. 2nd operate at a mechanical advantage. Standing on your toes.

question

Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same. True / False

answer

False Fascicle - bundle of nerve or nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue.

question

Muscles are only able to pull, they never push. True / False

answer

True

question

Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle; effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effor nearer than load to fultrom = mechanical disadvantage. True / False

answer

True

question

Movements of the thigh are accomplished by muscles anchored to thepelvic girdle. True / False

answer

True

question

The biceps brachii inserts on the radius. True / False

answer

True

question

The chewing muscle covering the ramus of the mandible is the buccinator. True / False

answer

False buccinator = cheek or trumpeter Deept to masseter. O -- molar region of maxilla and mandible. Buccinator is the chewing muscle.

question

The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm taht acts in adduction. True / False

answer

False adduction - movement of a limb toward the midline. abduction - movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body. Prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously.

question

The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion. True / False

answer

True soleus = fish soleus - broad, flat muscle, deep to the gastrocnemius on posterior surface of a calf. Runs parallel to the gastrocnemius. gastrocnemius - belly of calve

question

Muscles that help to maintain posture are often called synergists. True / False

answer

False Muscles that help to maintain upright postures are fixators.

question

In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used. True / False

answer

True Constrict pharynx during swallowing.

question

Plantar flexion at the ankle joint is accomplished by the tibialis anterior muscle. True / False

answer

False Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot; assist in supporting medial longitudinal arch of foot.

question

The arangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power. True / False

answer

True

question

Muscle power does not depend on the direction of the fascicles. True / False

answer

True

question

The calcaneal tendon (Archilles tendon) is the largest, strongest tendon in the body. True / False

answer

True

question

The epicranius or occipitofrontalis has two bellies, the frontal and occiptal. True / False

answer

True

question

Electromyography is the recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles. True / False

answer

True

question

Severing of the patellar tendon would inactivate the hamstring group. True / False

answer

False Hamstrings are the fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh.

question

The broadest muscle fo the back is the latissimus dorsi. True / False

answer

True Latissimus = widest dorsi = back

question

Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction. True / False

answer

True Prime mover of back extension. Provides resistance that helps control action of bending forward at the waist and act as powerful extensors to promote return to erect position.

question

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech. True / False

answer

True

question

The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones. True / False

answer

True

question

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors? a) a first-class lever b) a second-class lever c) a third-class lever d) a fourth-class lever

answer

a) a first-class lever

question

What muscle is repsonsible for keeping your toes from dragging when walking? a) extensor digitorum b) tibialis anterior c) extensor hallucis longus d) fibularis tertius

answer

d) fibularis tertius fibular = fibula tertius = third dorsoflexes and everts foot.

question

What is the major factor controlling how levers work? a) the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever b) the weight of the load c) the direction the load is being moved d) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

answer

d) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum

question

Which of the following describes fascicle arrangement in a pennate muscle? a) the fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle. b) The fascicular patern is circular. c) The fascicles form a triangle. d) the fascicles are in a fusiform arrangement.

answer

a) the fascicles are short and attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of a muscle.

question

Which is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle? a) the length b) the shape c) the number of neurons innervating it d) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction

answer

d) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction

question

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? a) a synergist b) an agonist c) an atagonist d) a fixator

answer

b) an agonist

question

When the term biceps, triceps, aor quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle? a) The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively. b) the muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively c) The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively. d) The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.

answer

a) The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the total number of skeletal muscles in the human body? a) There are approximately the same number of muscles as bones: 206 b) There are approximately 350 muscles in the body. c) There are over 600 muscles in the body. d) If one considers the very tiny, insignificant muscles, there are over 1000 muscles in the body.

answer

c) There are over 600 muscles in the body.

question

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean? a) The muscle flexes and rotates a region. b) The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint. c) The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region. d) The muslce functions as a synergist.

answer

c) The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.

question

Which of the following descibes the suprahyoid muscles? a) they depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed. b) They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity c) They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing. d) they are often called strap muscles.

answer

b) They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity

question

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action? a) to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally b) to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward locaiton of the humerus and to assist in abduction c) to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi d) to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major

answer

b) to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward locaiton of the humerus and to assist in abduction

question

the extensor carpi radialis brevis ___. a) extends and abducts the wrist and is short b) extends and adducts the wrist and has a small tendon c) supinates the forearm and is a superficial muscle d) extends the thumb and is a deep muscle

answer

a) extends and abducts the wrist and is short

question

What are the muscles that are found at openings of the body collectively called? a) convergent muscles b) circular muscles c) parallel muscles d) divergent muscles

answer

b) circular muscles

question

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead? a) the medial pterygoid b) the zygomaticus major c) the frontal belly of the epicranius d) the emporalis

answer

b) circular muscles

question

A cute, little curly-haired child is sitting behind you in church. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use? a) orbicularis oris b) stylohoid c) hyoglossus d) genioglossus

answer

d) genioglossus geni = chin glossus = tongue

question

Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck? a) the scalenes b) the iliocostalis c) the spinalis d) the splenius

answer

a) the scalenes scalene = uneven Elevate the first two ribs (aid in inspiration); flex and rotate neck.

question

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position? a) the gastrocnemius b) the sartorius c) all of the hamstrings d) the quadriceps femoris

answer

b) the sartorius sartor = tailor flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee; produces the cross legged position.

question

Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon? a) the semitendinosus b) the sartorius c) the tibialis anterior d) the gastrocnemius

answer

d) the gastrocnemius gaster = belly kneme = leg Inserts at posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

question

Which of the following does not compress the abdomen? a) internal oblique b) external oblique c) transversus aabdominis d) coccygeus

answer

d) coccygeus

question

A muslce group that works with and assists the action of a prime mover is a(an) ___. a) antagonist b) fixator c) synergist d) protagonist

answer

c) synergist

question

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stablizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

answer

c) synergist

question

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? a) gracilis b) semitendinosus c) semimembranosus d) biceps femoris

answer

a) gracilis = slender gracilis - Long, thin, superficial muscle of medial thigh. Adduct thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg, especially during walking.

question

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called? a) platysma b) masseter c) zygomaticus d) buccinator

answer

d) buccinator

question

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis. a) serratus anterior b) zygomaticus c) platysma d) sternocleidomastoid

answer

d) sternocleidomastoid sterno = breastbone cleido = clavicle mastoid = mastoid process Flexes and laterally rotates the head.

question

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true? a) Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones. b) The bones serve as levers. c) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally. d) the movements produced may be of graded intensity.

answer

c) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.

question

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles? a) muscle location b) the type of muscle fibers c) the type of action they cause d) muscle shape

answer

b) the type of muscle fibers

question

Which of the choices below is the major muscle for breathing? a) diaphragm b) rectus abdominis c) latissimus dorsi d) temporalis

answer

a) diaphragm

question

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris? a) It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips. b) It pulls the lower lip down and back. c) It draws the eyebrows together. d) It allows blinking, squinting, and various other protective mechanisms for the eye.

answer

a) It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.

question

In a pennate muscle pattern ___. a) muscles appar to be straplike b) there is a narrow origin diverging to a broad insertion c) there is a broad origin and fascicles converg toward a single tendon d) muscles look like a feather

answer

d) muscles look like a feather penna = feather The fascicles (and thus the muscle fibers) are short and they attach abliquely.

question

What aare the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called? a ) speed levers b) power levers c) functional levers d) dysfunctional levers

answer

c) functional levers Should answer be b) power levers?

question

Tennis players often complain about pain the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions? a) the triceps brachii b) the anconeus c) the brachioradialis d) the flexor digitorum profundus

answer

c) the brachioradialis Strong muscle that is immediately deep to biceps brachii on distal humerus. A major forearm flexor (lifts ulna as biceps lift the radius)

question

Which muscles is (are) contracted to exhale forceibly? a) diaphragm alone b) internal intecostal and rectus abdominus c) external intercostals and diagphragm d) rectus abdominis and diaphragm

answer

b) internal intecostal and rectus abdominus internal intercostals - 11 pairs lie beneath the ribs. Draws rib together and depress rib cage. Aid in forced expiration. rectus abdominus - medial superficial muscle pair; extend from pubis to rib cage. Flex and rotate lumbar region of the vertebrae column. Fix and depress ribs. rectus = straight abdom = abdomen

question

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh? a) biceps b) vastus medialis c) soleus d) iliopsoas and rectus femoris

answer

d) iliopsoas and rectus femoris iliopsoas - a composite of two closely related muyscles (iliacus adn psoas major) whose fibers pass under the inguinal ligament to insert via a common tendon on the femur. rectus femoris - superfical muscle of anterior thigh.

question

First-class levers ___. a) have load at one end of thelever, fulcrum at the over, and efford applied somewhere in the middle b) are typified by tweezers for forceps c) in the body can operate a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location d) are the type found in the joints forming the ball of the foot as used in raising the body on the toes

answer

c) in the body can operate a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location

question

What do the geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and stylohyoid muscles have in common? a) All names reflect direction of muscle fibers. b) Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw. c) All act on the tongue. d) All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.

answer

c) All act on the tongue.

question

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis are parts of a large muscle mass of the ___. a) lateral rotators b) anterior compartment of the thigh c) posterior muscle group of the thigh d) medial compartment of the thigh

answer

d) medial compartment of the thigh Adductors - large muslce mass consisting of three muscles (magnus, longus, and brevis) forming medial aspects of thigh.

question

if L=Load, F=fulcrum, and E=effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF? a) first-class lever b) second-class lever c) third-class lever d) fourth-class lever

answer

c) third-class lever

question

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh? a) tibialis posterior b) vastus lateralis c) adductor magnus d) gluteus maximus

answer

c) adductor magnus adduct = move towards midline magnus = large Anterior part adducts and midially rotates and flexes thigh; Posterior part is a synergist of hamstrings in thigh extension.

question

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint? a) tibialis anterior b) extensor digitorum longus c) peroneus tertius d) perioneus longus

answer

a) tibialis anterior

question

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants? a) the vastus intermedius b) the vastus medialius c) rectus femoris d) the vastus lateralis

answer

d) the vastus lateralis vastus = large lateralis = lateral Largest head of the group, forms lateral aspect of the thigh; runs straight down thigh. Extends knee and flexes at hip.

question

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee? a) hamstring muscles b) gluteal muscles c) brachioradialis d) soleus

answer

a) hamstring muscles The hamstrings are fleshy muslces of the posterior thigh. they cross both the hip and knee joints and are prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion.

question

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? a) popliteus b) tibialis posterior c) flexor digitorum longus d) gastrocnemius and soleus

answer

a) popliteus

question

___ is a powerful forearm extensor.

answer

triceps brachii

question

The ___ is known as the boxer muscle.

answer

serratus anterior

question

The ___ runs deep to the external oblique.

answer

internal oblique

question

The ___ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

answer

buccinator

question

The ___ draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

answer

platysma

A&P Ch 10 Muscular Sys – Flashcards

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