AP Biology Mitosis/Meiosis – Flashcards
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Nucleoli are present during _____.
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interphase
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Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.
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telophase
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Chromosomes become visible during _____.
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prophase
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Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.
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anaphase
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Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.
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prometaphase
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During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.
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two chromosomes and four chromatids
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During _____ both the contents of the nucleus and the cytoplasm are divided.
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the mitotic phase
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During _____ the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.
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interphase
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DNA replication produces two identical DNA molecules, called _________________, which separate during mitosis.
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sister chromatid(s)
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After chromosomes condense, the ______________ is the region where the identical DNA molecules are most tightly attached to each other.
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centromere(s)
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During mitosis, microtubules attach to chromosomes at the _______________.
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kinetochore(s)
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In dividing cells, most of the cell's growth occurs during _____________.
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interphase
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The _________________ is a cell structure consisting of microtubules, which forms during early mitosis and plays a role in cell division.
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mitotic spindle(s)
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During interphase, most of the nucleus is filled with a complex of DNA and protein in a dispersed form called _______________.
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chromatin
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In most eukaryotes, division of the nucleus is followed by ______________, when the rest of the cell divides.
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cytokinesis
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The __________________ are the organizing centers for microtubules involved in separating chromosomes during mitosis.
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centrosome(s)
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prophase (mitosis)
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-cohesions join sister chromatids of duplicated chromosome -tublins assemble into spindle microtubules
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prometaphase (mitosis)
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microtubules attach to kinetochores
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metaphase (mitosis)
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kinetochores are motionless in relation to poles of cell
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anaphase (mitosis)
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-kinetochores move toward poles of cell -cohesions break down
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telophase (mitosis)
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spindle microtubules disassemble
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_____ is a carcinogen that promotes colon cancer.
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fat
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asexual reproduction
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A single individual is reproducing.
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Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes.
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23
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A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.
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16
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Synapsis occurs during _____.
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prophase I
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Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.
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anaphase I
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During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.
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metaphase II
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At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.
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telophase II
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If crossing over did not occur....
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There would be less genetic variation among gametes.
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During what stage of mitosis do chromosomes become condensed?
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prophase
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During what stage do centrioles start to move apart in animal cells?
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prophase
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When does a cell make the commitment for another cell cycle?
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at the transition between G1 and S
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A cell in G2 has 0.8 picograms (pg) of DNA. How much DNA did that cell have in G1?
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0.4 pg
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Describe CDK
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present throughout the cell cycle and is an enzyme that attaches phosphate groups to other proteins
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During mitotic anaphase, where do chromosomes migrate?
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from equatorial plate toward the poles
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If a cell undergoes mitosis without cytokinesis, it'd result in...
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cells with more than one nucleus
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MPF
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triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into mitosis
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Plant cells typically have ____________, but animal cells don't.
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cell walls
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Describe "cleavage furrow"
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a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei
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Complete cell cycle consists of:
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interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
