ALS final - Flashcard | StudyHippo.com

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Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of the Canvas Course Management System? The Help Corner Global Access The Sidebar The Activity Stream

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Global Access

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Florida is conducive to biological invasions because of its Climate World trade in plants and animals Island - like geography All of the above

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all

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A species that is not native to the United States is considered Exotic Nonindigenous Alien All of the above

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all

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The term used to describe the means by which species are transported to new ecosystems Pathway Risk Assessment Immigration Introduction

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pathway

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Control costs for Alien Plant Species in Australia (APS) and elsewhere are derived primarily from costs for Mechanical control Cultural control Herbicides All of the above

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herbicides

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Cost/Benefit analysis of controlling the invasive Paterson's Curse in Australia led to the adoption/implementation of

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biological control

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The most costly invasive arthropod in Australia because of its direct and indirect impacts on the livestock industry is the Cattle tick Yellow fever mosquito Varroa Mite None of the above

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cattle tick

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The marine northern pacific seastar is recognized worldwide as a significant pest of aquaculture, commercial and recreational fisheries because of its Impact on shellfish Tremendous reproductive potential Ability to regenerate body parts All of the above

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all

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In Tasmania and Australia, there are surprisingly no human mortalities attributed to established Snakes Spiders Bees/Wasps None of the above

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none of the above

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One of the two most important woody weeds in New Zealand is: Mesquite Lantana Scotch broom Lead tree

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scotch broom

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In New Zealand, the total cost for weed control is separated into which of the following? DE (defensive expenditure). LEO (loss of economic output) All of the above None of the above

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all

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The most important and widespread vertebrate pest in Australia is the: Black Rat Rabbit European carp Cane toad

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rabbit

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The impact of invasive vertebrates on the livestock industry in Australia includes: Pasture degradation Disease vectors Predation All of the above

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all

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Which of the following is a dairy pasture weed in New Zealand that is resistant to herbicides? Giant buttercup Gorse Old man's beard Thistle

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Giant Buttercup

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New Zealand's native vertebrate fauna is dominated by: Reptiles Birds a and b None of the above

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all

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The stoat was purposely introduced into New Zealand for biological control of: Rats Mice Possums Rabbits

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rabbits

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The decline in rabbit populations in New Zealand following the release of the rabbit calicivirus disease led to an increase in the: Black Rat European Hare Bushytail possum Short-tailed weasel

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European Hare

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Because over 90% of the invertebrate pests in New Zealand are aliens, new legislation was enacted in 1993 called the: Biosecurity Act Invasive Species Act Environmental Protection Act Endangered Species Act

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Biosecurity Act

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Characteristics that led to the successful invasion of New Zealand by ___________ include: globalization of trade, short generation time, high reproductive rate and dispersal capacity, broad host range, and production of thousands of workers following a single mating. Social wasps German wasp Common wasp All of the above

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all

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In the Aquatics article, which organism was interfering with natural regulation of the azolla fern by its insect herbivores? Predaceous diving beetles Birds Fire ants None of the above

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fire ants

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The exact number of alien and native plants in Britain is unknown primarily because of Globalization Hybridization Missing data All of the above

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hybridization

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Which measure(s) are used for quantifying "weediness" of a plant in Great Britain? Herbicide costs Scientist perception Lonsdale equation All of the above

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all

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The western flower thrips is a serious pest in the British Isles and elsewhere because of its Distribution Polyphagous feeding behavior Insecticide resistance All of the above

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all

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Which of the following is not known as a pest of potatoes in the British Isles? Potato Late Blight Fireblight Disease Colorado Potato Beetle Tobacco Whitefly

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Fireblight Disease

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One of the earliest birds introduced into the British Isles for food and sport was theOne of the earliest birds introduced into the British Isles for food and sport was the Grey Partridge Lapwing Moorhen Ring-necked Pheasant

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Ring-necked Pheasant

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During the 19th & 20th centuries, Britain sought to enrich the local fauna with animals from around the world; this process was called

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Acclimatization

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Term used when plant pathogens were introduced into Europe decades after the crop plant.

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Reencounter effect

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The most devastating disease of potatoes in Europe is Potato late blight Fireblight disease Bacterial leaf blight Black spot

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Potato late blight

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The best way to prevent further movement of invasive pests and pathogens is to identify the ___________ for the invader.

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pathway

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Which non-native rodent is an important carrier of lyme disease in Europe? Black rat Nutria Grey squirrel Siberian chipmunk

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siberian chipmunk

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Which rat-like mammal native to South America was introduced for fur farming in Europe in 1929? Armadillo Capybara Black rat Nutria

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nutria

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Since the 1940s, the introduction of which vertebrate group has increased dramatically in Europe? Birds Reptiles Amphibians Mammals

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birds

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Compared to vertebrates and plants, most invertebrate introductions are accidental undetected associated with imported plants All of the above

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all

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European ships traveling to the Great Lakes were responsible for introducing _____________ by releasing ballast water. Tilapia Lampreys Lionfish Zebra mussels

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zebra mussels

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The procedure for demonstrating the cause and effect relationship between a pathogen and a disease is referred to as: Koch brothers Koch industries Koch's postulates All of the above

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Koch's postulates

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Stem canker, cyst nematodes and late foliar disease are major diseases of__________ in Brazil. Soybeans Maize Green beans Safrinha

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Soybeans

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Brazil has several diverse ecosystems that are prone to invasions; the wetland ecosystem is referred to as the

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pantanal

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The first documented invasive reptile in Brazil was the Water tortoise House gecko Tegu Sand lizard

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house gecko

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In Brazil, the term used for movement of native species from the Amazon Basin to other regions of the country is Transcription Transposition Translation Trans continent

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transposition

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The bioenergy plant jatropha that is known for the production of biofuel is native to: India Egypt Central America None of the above

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central america

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The production of jatropha failed in India due to: Delayed yields Termite attacks Drought intolerance All of the above

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all

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Which of the following is a pathway for invasive plants in India? Commodity importation Spread from adjacent regions Crop seed contaminants All of the above

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all

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The 1943 Bengal famine was caused by which fungal pathogen? Potato Late Blight Rice Blight Wheat Smut Coffee Rust

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rice blight

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Which of the following viral diseases in India is not vectored by insects?? Peanut Stripe Virus Banana Bunchy Top Virus Cotton Leaf Curl None of the above

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Banana Bunchy Top Virus

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n India, the golden apple snail is an important pest of: Black pepper Rubber Rice Coconut

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rice

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Which of the following contribute to the establishment of alien invertebrates in India? Suitable Climate Adequate nutrition Reproductive opportunities All of the above

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all

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Which of the following invertebrate pest(s) occur in India and Florida? Redbanded Thrips Whitefly Giant Snail All of the above

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all

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Which component UF/IFAS Assessment of Nonnative Plants determines the invasion risk of species that are not currently found in Florida's natural areas but are invasive in other places with similar climate and growing conditions. Intraspecific Taxon Protocol Predictive Tool Status Assessment None of the above

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Predictive Tool

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When the total score obtained from the UF/IFAS predictive tool is greater than 6 points, the plant is likely to be:

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invasive

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The varroa mite is native to which country? South America Africa Asia Europe

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asia

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Current and potential impact on ___________ was an important criterion for demonstrating the economic benefits of controlling invasive plants in South Africa.

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water

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The biome in South Africa considered to be the most heavily invaded by alien plants is the

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fynbos

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Which of the following arthropod(s) is negatively impacting plant pollination in South Africa? Varroa mite Argentine ant All of the above None of the above

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all

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The two invasive snails introduced into South Africa via the aquarium trade are native to South America North America China None of the above

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north america

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The highest number of the invasive fish species introduced into South Africa are native to? America Africa Asia Europe

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america

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The term used to describe invasion by an indigenous species outside of its native range but within a given geopolitical boundary.

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Extralimital

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In the United States, the highest numbers of invasive vertebrates are ______. Arthropods Amphibians Fish Mammals

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fish

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The ____________ is considered the second most widespread invasive vertebrate species worldwide. Dog House mouse Cat None of the above

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house mouse

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In Hawaii, the__________ is a major disperser of the seeds of the invasive lantana plant Nutria Rock dove Toucan Myna bird

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myna bird

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Which of the following are invasive rodents in the US? Norway rat Black rat House mouse All of the above

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all

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Florida's feral hog populations are of ________ general type(s) One Two Three Four

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three

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One of two invasive birds that is impacting Florida is___________. Mottled duck Canada goose Monk parakeet Bobwhite quail

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Monk parakeet

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The Aedes mosquito is considered the primary vector of Anthrax Lyme disease Malaria None of the above

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none

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Which of the following infectious diseases is spread by contact with body fluids?

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Ebola virus Hepatitis HIV/AIDS

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A new category added to Bertram's economic model for measuring the presence and impact of an invasive species on conservation lands was Defensive expenditure Welfare loss Loss of Economic Output Productivity loss

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Welfare loss

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The name of the current President of the University of Florida is

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Kent Fuchs

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What organisms exacerbate the globalization of adventive invertebrates by contributing to homogenization of world's biota? Birds Bats Humans None of the above

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humans

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In New Zealand, the total costs attributed to invasive species are calculated from Defensive expenditures Loss of economic output Both a. and b. None of the above

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all

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The most important weed of dairy pastures in New Zealand is Giant buttercup Scotch broom Gorse None of the above

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Giant buttercup

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Characteristics possessed by most invading insects that make them a significant economic problem are Small size Mobility Herbivory All of the above

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all

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Approximately 75% of all plant material enters the continental U.S. through the port of____________.

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miami

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Because of its extreme isolation, New Zealand's native vertebrate fauna was dominated by Amphibians and bats Birds and reptiles Reptiles and humans Mammals and amphibians

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Birds and reptiles

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The only continent with tropical regions that does not have the Old World screw-worm fly is Africa Asia Americas Australia

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australia

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For non-native plants that have escaped cultivation, invasion success is a function of _______________. Propagule Pressure Suitable climate Invasive elsewhere All of the above

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all

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Plant invasions are typically characterized by a _____________ cycle whereas animal invasions follow a 'boom and bust' cycle. Fast growth No growth Delayed growth None of the above

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delayed growth

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A candidate biological control organism must be a ____________to impact the target pest population without causing non-target effects. Specialist Generalist Predator Competitor

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specialist

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New Zealand's government allocated considerable resources for eradicating alien _________ from it larger islands. Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

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mammals

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Dengue, yellow fever, and encephalitis are diseases transmitted by invasive Bugs Ticks Beetles Mosquitoes

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mosquitoes

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________________ account for largest number of invertebrate introductions, largely because of the recent increase in the ornamental plant trade. Omnivores Carnivores Herbivores Detritivores

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herbivores

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What term is used to describe arriving in a country by any means?

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adventive

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The course textbook "Biological Invasions", 2nd edition was edited by________________.

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david pimentel

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Which marine invader has colonized more territory in Australia than any other benthic invasive species? Zebra mussel Lionfish Northern pacific seastar New Zealand screw shell

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New Zealand screw shell

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The strategic use of chemical, mechanical, cultural and biological control for addressing alien plant species is referred to as Holisitic Pest Management Best Management Practice Integrated Pest Management None of the above

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Integrated Pest Management

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In New Zealand, two of the most important weeds impacting the survival of threatened native plant species are Hydrilla and hygrophpila Waterhyacinth and waterlettuce Scotch broom and gorse All of the above

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Scotch broom and gorse

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Loss of biodiversity from invasive species may be due to Competition Predation Hybridization all of the above

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all

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Reduced crop yields, poor livestock performance, and contamination of agricultural products by alien plants will cause Economic losses Ecological losses Indirect effects None of the above

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economic losses

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The costs for _______________ to manage an invasive species are always greater than prevention. Biological control Mechanical control Chemical control All of the above

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all

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One of the social impacts of alien mammal control in New Zealand is the public's resistance to the use of ______________ for fear they will accumulate in the food chain. Biological control agents Anticoagulants Diseases None of the above

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Anticoagulants

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What is NOT a characteristic of social wasps that make them successful invaders? Short generation time Disease vectors High reproductive rate Broad host range

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disease vectors

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______________ control is the considered the most selective and sustainable method of dealing with invasive species. Mechanical Cultural Physical Biological

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biological

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In Bertram's economic model, the costs for prevention and control of invasive species are considered Impacts costs Indirect cost Defensive expenditures None of the above

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Defensive expenditures

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Until the introduction of RHD into Australia, the ____________ was the most widespread and important vertebrate pest. Rabbit Feral Pig Water buffalo None of the above

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rabbit

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Control costs for Alien Plant Species in Australia (APS) and elsewhere are derived primarily from costs for Mechanical control Cultural control Chemical control All of the above

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chemical control

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The red imported fire ant (RIFA) is an invasive pest in which countries? Australia United States Both a. and b. None of the above

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Both a. and b.

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The stoat was purposely introduced into New Zealand for biological control of Bushytail possums Rabbits Rodents None of the above

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rabbits

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Costs for controlling cultivated plants that later become invasive should NOT be borne by public land managers Horticulture Industry Aquarium Trade Biomass Producers

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public land managers

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In New Zealand, possums, deer, and goats impact ___________ by selectively browsing on native plants. Plant biodiversity Native flora Plant ecology All of the above

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all

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Who is the considered the "father of invasive species awareness" ? Charles Darwin Charles Osgood Charles Elton Charles Dickens

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Charles Elton

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The clover root weevil in New Zealand was discovered by accident because it is ___________, which means it has two generations per year.

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bivoltine

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Alien plant species have what kind of economic impacts on livestock production? Indirect Direct Both a and b None of above

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direct/indirect

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Which of the following is NOT a reason Florida is prone to invasion by exotic organisms?

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no ports of entry

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Compared to invertebrates, most plant and vertebrate introductions are Purposeful Deliberate Intentional All of the above

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Purposeful Deliberate Intentional

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Because over 90% of the invertebrate pests in New Zealand are aliens, new legislation was enacted in 1993 called the Biosecurity Act Biocontrol Act Invasive Species Act Endangered Species Act

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biosecurity act

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Economic losses from alien plant species in Australia are manifested by______________. Reduced crop yields Poor livestock performance Contamination of agricultural products All of the above

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all

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Worldwide, the impact of invasive species on our ecosystems is second only to Climate change Habitat destruction Global trade Biomass production

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habitat destruction

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Bushytail possums are vectors of __________________ in New Zealand's beef and dairy cattle. Foot and mouth disease Bovine tuberculosis Anthrax Brucellosis

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Bovine tuberculosis

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New Zealand has invested considerable resources into _____________ for managing their invasive plant problems. Cultural control Mechanical control Physical control Biological control

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Biological control

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The invasive mammal that was successfully eradicated from Great Britain but not Europe. Nutria Mink Rabbit Weasel

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nutria

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Chestnut blight, phytopthora disease and Dutch elm disease are recognized as invasive plant pathogens by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). World Health Organization (WHO) National Institutes of Health Ministry of Health

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International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

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One of the most cost effective, selective and sustainable control tactics for reducing the impacts from invasive weeds is Physical control Chemical control Mechanical control Biological Control

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biological

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The most important factor that limits the distribution of an invasive species. Climate Transportation Globalization None of the above

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climate

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Several successful eradication programs in Europe were on coastal islands of Britain Spain France All of the above

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all

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Most fungal plant pathogens that attack__________ are NOT considered invasive by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). weeds Insects Crops None of the above

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crops

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It was popular in the 19th and 20th centuries for vertebrates to be introduced into Britain for acclimatization and _____________. Hunting Fishing Food All of the above

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all

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Flavescence dorée is a ___________ disease of grapevines in Europe. Viral Bacterial Protozoan Phytoplasma

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phytoplasma

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What type of insect was used to effectively control the aquatic weed azolla in Great Britain? moth bug weevil None of the above

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weevil

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Most non-native plants are introduced for Ornamental purposes Agriculture Aquaculture All of the above

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all

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Brazil has several diverse ecosystems prone to invasions; the wetland ecosystem is referred to as the

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pantanal

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Which control tactic often is the subject of considerable debate because it involves the introduction of more alien species with some degree of risk? Physical control Biological control Mechanical control Chemical Control

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biological

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The Prus Cost, which provides a consistent method for comparing the economic impact of invasive weeds, is based on the weed's rate of spread and what other factor? Tillage Mowing Herbicide Cost None of the above

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herbicide cost

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Which group of invertebrates accounts for the most introductions, largely because of the increase in plant trade in recent decades? Insects Snails Shellfish All of the above

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insects

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When 10% of alien plants become pests from the 10% that become established, this is referred to as the Rule of Law Roberts Rules 10s rule None of the above

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10s rule

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The most devastating disease of potatoes in Europe is Potato late blight Fireblight disease Bacterial leaf blight Black spot

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potato late blight

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Because the Africanized honey bee is superior pollinator, it has significantly increased the production of_______________. honey bees wax royal jelly flowering plants

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flowering plants

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The species of waterfowl that poses the greatest threat to the genetic integrity of the native white-headed duck in Europe Ruddy duck Canada goose Mallard duck Muscovy duck

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ruddy duck

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An example of a "charismatic" vertebrate pest in the British Isles. Hedgehog Black Rat Feral pig Muskrat

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hedgehog

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Which of the following contribute to vegetable disease outbreaks in Brazil? Poor sanitation practices Minimal crop rotation Planting monocultures All of the above

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all

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The Lonsdale Equation is calculated based on a plant's range size, effect per unit area, and Toxicity Height Abundance Biomass

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abundance

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Lakes, ponds, and temporary pools of water are examples of which aquatic habitat type? Lotic Lentic Profundal Benthic

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lentic

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The control method that is considered the most selective and sustainable method for dealing with invasive plants and invertebrates is Chemical Mechanical Cultural Biological

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biological

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Assuming that all alien introductions are potentially harmful unless proven otherwise is an example of the Precautionary principle Principal component analysis Peter principle None of the above

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Precautionary principle

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The distribution of alien plants is initially Larger than native species Same as native species Smaller than native species None of the above

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Smaller than native species

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The breakdown of internal customs procedures following the formation of the European Union in 1993 led to an increase of insects attacking: Cut flowers Vegetable crops Bee hives Woody plants

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woody plants

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The vertebrate group that was most impacted by the introduction of non-native species in Britain is Mammals Birds Amphibians Fish

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fish

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In Great Britain, the costs for controlling native weeds compared to alien plants are The same Less Greater None of the above

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greater

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Which ethnic group in the British Isles was most devastated by the potato late blight? Welsh Scots British Irish

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irish

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Urban areas have lower resistance to invasive species because of disturbance by Human activity Pollution Construction All of the above

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all

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The costs for _______________ of an invasive species are always greater than prevention. Biological control Mechanical control Chemical control All of the above

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all

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Fish and ___________ comprise the highest proportion of Brazil's invasive vertebrates. Birds Reptiles Amphibians Mammals

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mammals

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Which bird species was determined to have the highest overall impact in Europe? Monk parakeet Passenger pigeon House sparrow Canada goose

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monk parakeet

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It was first imported into Brazil where it escaped and then spread north into Mexico and the US. Fire ant Giant African land snail Lovebug African honey bee

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african honeybee

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Biological control of small mammals in Britain was attempted by introducing the Little owl Red tailed Hawk Osprey None of the above

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little owl

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The IFAS Invasive Plant Working Group was formed in 1995 to Address invasive plant issues Resolve conflicts within IFAS All of the above None of the above

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all

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Which component UF/IFAS Assessment determines the invasion risk of species that are not currently found in Florida's natural areas but are invasive in other places with similar climate and growing conditions.

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predictive tool

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In South Africa, which of the following were considered important invasive plant environmental impact categories for the National Scale Assessment? Biodiversity Livestock carrying surface water runoff All of the above

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all

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Which control tactic often is the subject of considerable debate because it involves the introduction of more alien species with some degree of risk? Physical control Biological control Mechanical control Chemical Control

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biological

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The 1943 Bengal famine in India, which caused the death of over 2 million people, was caused by the Rice blight fungus Potato late blight fungus Wheat flag smut Maize downy mildew

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rice blight fungus

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The majority of non-native plants were introduced into South Africa for Ornamental purposes Agriculture Aquaculture All of the above

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all

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The first Quarantine & Fumigation Station in India was established in the city of ____________ in 1949. Delhi Calcutta Bombay None of the above

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bombay

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of an invasive species? Must be an invertebrate Must be introduced Must establish reproducing populations Must cause environmental or economic harm

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Must be an invertebrate

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The best predictor of whether an organism will be invasive is that It is invasive somewhere else It was introduced by humans It tolerates only disturbed environments It is a charismatic species

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It is invasive somewhere else

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When using the Predictive Tool of the IFAS Assessment, obtaining a total score of 3 would indicate the plant being assessed would have to be: Evaluated further Accepted; not considered invasive Rejected; predicted to be invasive Reconsidered at a later date

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evaluate further

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Which of the following insects that attacks citrus in South Africa also is an important global pest? Spotted stem borer Argentine ant Red scale None of the above

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red scale

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Which of the following rice pests in India is native to the US and Canada? Rice black bug Rice panicle mite Golden apple snail Rice water weevil

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rice water weevil

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In general, greater ecosystem level impacts from invasive plants are caused by: Discrete variables Continuous variables Discrete trait invaders Continuous trait invaders

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Discrete trait invaders

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The most successful and widespread coastal marine alien invader in South Africa is the Shipworm Screwshell Northern pacific seastar Mediterranean mussel

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Mediterranean mussel

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Which of the following tree species was purposely introduced into India for biodiesel production? Chinese tallow Mesquite Jatropha Lead tree

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jatropha

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The production of jatropha for biodiesel fuel production in India failed due to: Delayed yields Termite attacks Drought intolerance All of the above

answer

all

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The plant invader category system in South Africa was developed by: Londsdale Prus Odum Chapin

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Chapin

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Of the four invasive aquatic weeds found in India, only_____________ is native to Southeast Asia. Waterhyacinth Alligatorweed Salvinia Water spinach

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water spinach

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Which of the following is not a component of the IFAS Assessment of Non-native Plants? Diagnostic Assessment Intraspecific Taxon Protocol Predictive Tool Status Assessment

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Diagnostic Assessment

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Mesquite, which is an invasive woody shrub that fixes nitrogen, is an example of a Continuous trait invader Discrete variable Discrete trait invader None of the above

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Discrete trait invader

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Which of the following is a pathway for invasive plants in India? Commodity importation Spread from adjacent regions Crop seed contaminants All of the above

answer

all

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In terms of benefit: cost analyses for invasive plant control in South Africa, the returns on the investment in ______________ control were unprecedented. Chemical Mechanical Cultural Biological

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biological

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The 'Working for Water' Program in South Africa not only provided direct benefits from weed control but also provided __________ benefits to local communities near the invasive weed infestation. Social Economic Educational All of the above

answer

all

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In India, the prickly pear cactus and cottony cushion scale were the first invasive pests targeted for Eradication Quarantine Biological control Mass production

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biological control

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Who is the current Secretary of State for the United States? Hillary Clinton Condoleezza Rice John Kerry Colin Powell

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John Kerry

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In India, Billy goat weed is considered one of the worst invaders of agricultural lands because of its Fast rate of growth Reproduction vegetatively and by seeds Allelopathic properties All of the above

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all

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Although it is a common and destructive disease worldwide, southern India is still able to produce the beans because they have developed a resistant cultivar: Coffee rust Fireblight disease Bacterial leaf blight Black spot

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coffee rust

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In the life cycle of the varroa mite, which is parasite of bees, the first egg deposited by the female is destined to develop into a Female Male Drone Worker

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male

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India is considered the center of origin for many of our major Crops Weeds Diseases None of the above

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crops

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The lead tree and mesquite were purposely introduced into India for afforestation because they both Produce enormous quantities of seed Form dense monocultures Fix atmospheric Nitrogen All of the above

answer

all

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Which of the following contributed to the establishment of alien invertebrates in India? Suitable Climate Adequate nutrition Reproductive opportunities All of the above

answer

all

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The best tactic for dealing with a potentially invasive species is to Develop a market for selling it Distribute it as widely as possible Avoid introducing the organism. All of the above

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Avoid introducing the organism.

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In South Africa, the spotted stem borer is a major pest of Maize Corn Grain sorghum All of the above

answer

all

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Which invasive vine was introduced into India for camouflage during World War II and was recently discovered in Florida in 2009. Kudzu Japanese climbing fern Mile-a-minute weed None of the above

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mile a minute weed

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The redbanded thrips, Selenothrips rubrocinctus, is known by what common name in India? Chilli thrips Melon thrips Greenhouse Cashew thrips

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cashew thrips

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The process by which plants rely on native ants for seed dispersal is referred to as: Myrmecology Mitochochondria Melittology Myrmecochory

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Myrmecochory

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Which of the following viral diseases in India are vectored by insects? Banana bunchy top virus Cotton leaf curl virus Peanut stripe virus All of the above

answer

all

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Which of the following pests was not introduced into South Africa via the aquarium trade? Snails Hydrilla Kariba weed codling moth

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codling moth

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In Chapter 22 of Rotherham and Lambert, the author referred to South Africa's fynbos biome as Climax vegetation Natural system Sclerophyllous formation Ecotone

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Sclerophyllous formation

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High infestations of the red scale on citrus in South Africa were correlated with the overuse of Natural enemies Clipping of the foliage Organophosphate insecticides None of the above

answer

Organophosphate insecticides

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The main causes of alien plant invasions in South Africa were Globalization of world economy Liberal trade laws and regulations Conversion of natural vegetation All of the above

answer

all

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Aquatic example(s) of a discrete trait invader in South Africa include Water hyacinth Red water fern All of the above None of the above

answer

all

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Two of India's most invasive insects attack eucalyptus and coral trees. These insects are similar in that they are both: Caterpillars Beetles Gall Wasps Flies

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gall wasps

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Which of the following invasive plants in India is considered a 'Biological Pollutant' because it causes health problems in humans and livestock? Parthenium weed Giant reed Lantana None of the above

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Parthenium weed

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Invasive plants threaten native ecosystems because they Alter plant communities Reduce biodiversity Impact human health All of the above

answer

all

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_______ is SA's newest economic growth factor

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ecotourism

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Benefits of maintaining biodiversity:

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ecological services, harvesting game, aesthetic/cultural values

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Challenge of maintaining biodiversity:

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establishing balance between economic development and conservation policies

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T/f: introducing potentially invasive vertebrates alters valuable environments

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true

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Impact of the introduction of 21 invasive fish spp. in S africa: good/bad economically?

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extinction of native fish, amphibians and invertebrates. but alien fish drivers of economically important fisheries industry

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Implementation of laws restricting important and movement must balance:

answer

trade off between economic

question

Understanding key factors of invasion biology:

answer

dispersal ecology

question

Pattern of introduction in s. africa?

answer

no consistent pattern

question

# alien bird, reptile, and amphibian spp in s. africa:

answer

low; "Absence of Evidence NOT Evidence of Absence"

question

# of introduced mammals and invasive spp. in S africa

answer

# of introduced mammals high; low # of invasive spp

question

where do alien bird establish in s africa:

answer

islands; not mainland

question

Alien bird establishment runs counter to:

answer

island biogeography theory

question

SA provides evidence based of:

answer

each major taxon regarding environmental agricultural, and economic impact

question

General examination of legislation governing what in SA?

answer

alien spp importation and movement

question

Extralimital

answer

invasion by indigenous spp outside native range but within given geopolitical boundary

question

SA hot spot for:

answer

alien fish invasions

question

SA- alien fish invasions started w/

answer

goldfish for ornamental purposes

question

who is responsible for introduction and spread in s. africa

answer

humans

question

following importation, _______ occurred at state-funded hatchery in cape region

answer

propagation

question

following human introductions, how were species distributed to other provincial hatcheries?

answer

via formal stocking programs funded by gov't & angling societies

question

Reasons for freshwater fish introduction:

answer

angling/fishing, biocontrol, pet trade, unintentional extralimital movement

question

extralimital movement via

answer

interbasin water transfer

question

Freshwater fish introductions focused on _______

answer

recreational angling

question

Rainbow & Brown trout

answer

successful establishment in cool, clear 02 rich waters in high altitude or temperate areas

question

common carp & tench - coarse fish

answer

stocked in warmer, lowland rivers

question

largemouth bass

answer

warm slow lentic/lotic water

question

smallmouth bass

answer

cooler lentic/lotic water

question

spotted bass

answer

turbid/flood waters

question

bluegill sunfish

answer

predator and food for bass

question

banded & mozambique tilapia

answer

extralimital food for bass

question

spp. distributed from fish hatcheries for mosquito control

answer

mosquito fish, guppy, goldfish

question

_____ & ______ limited to urban streams and reservoirs

answer

feral guppy and goldfish pops

question

________ widely distributed; 50 of SA's river systems

answer

mosquitofish

question

introduced into farm dams for aquatic weed control

answer

asian grass carp

question

asian grass carp:

answer

diploid carp widely established in 3 river systems

question

considered a pest in Vaal River due to high densities

answer

asian grass carp

question

escape from AQUACULTURE operations resulted in 4 spp. invasions:

answer

rainbow trout, common carp, nile tilapia, silver carp

question

silver carp imported from

answer

israel

question

viable pop. in Olifants- Limpopo river system

answer

silver carp

question

(ornamental) Aquarist likely responsible for unwanted released of 4 spp. in SA lakes

answer

feral guppy, swordtail, goldfish, armoured catfish

question

Interbasin water transfers; establishment of....?

answer

establishment of Orange river; fishes in Sundays & Great Fish Rivers

question

Orange river:

answer

great fish river; Interbasin Water Transfer scheme completed in 1975

question

interbasin water transfers faciliated what

answer

faciliated transfers of smallmouth yellowfish, or mudfish & sharptooth catfish

question

alien and extralimital (71%) fishes are

answer

common inhabitants of all major river systems

question

freshwater fishes extent of problem, and what exacerbates problem

answer

continued spreading by IBTs & Angler illegal stocking exacerbates problems; EA urgently needed

question

nile tilapia:

answer

increasing its range

question

environmental impacts to indigenous fish spp:

answer

transfer of parasites, and direct predation

question

grass carp tapeworm =>

answer

2 yellowfish

question

bass & trout predation =>

answer

fragmented pops & extirpation of T&E minnow; major trophic shifts

question

common carp increases what;effects?

answer

common carp increases turbidity, linked to decline of largemouth yellowfish

question

mozambique x __________ hybridization

answer

nile tilapia; genetic integrity threatened

question

large recreational fishery depends on ________

answer

alien fishes (carp, trout, bass)

question

______ contribute significantly to national economy

answer

fishing expenditures

question

what contributed to aquaculture in south africa

answer

pet trade, tilapia, trout

question

dealing with freshwater fish problems

answer

once established, impossible to eradicate. future management must focus on exclusion from sensitive areas/limiting spread

question

eradication w/ _________ possible only in small isolated systems

answer

icthyocides

question

in large systems, removal ______

answer

impractical/unfeasible

question

demarcation of areas for use of alien spp. allows for compromises between:

answer

recreational, economic, and conservation interests

question

because enforcement of new regulations is difficult:

answer

education campaigns crucial to increasing awareness & compliance

question

invasive reptiles/amphibians causing significant impacts in other countries

answer

brown tree snake, cane toad

question

brown tree snake causing impacts in

answer

guam

question

cane toad causing impacts in

answer

australia

question

biggest threats (reptiles/amphibians)

answer

pet trades (deliberate), cargo/nursery trade (accidental)

question

rich & diverse ______ in NE & SW SA

answer

frog fauna

question

t/f: diverse reptile fauna in southern SA? specifically?

answer

true; lizards/turtles

question

reptile and amphibians alien/extralimital introductions

answer

few

question

reptile and amphibians introductions _______

answer

undetected

question

reptiles and amphibians established?

answer

nope.

question

guttural tide

answer

extralimital range expansion. N/E SA to w. cape province

question

painted reed frog

answer

similar jump dispersal, multiple introductions & multiple introductions via nursery, fruit, vegetable trades

question

african clawed toad

answer

extensive translocation via irrigation canals & ditches

question

african clawed toad hybridize w/ __________

answer

native cape clawed toad; predation & resource competition

question

flower pot snake adventive?

answer

yes

question

flower pot snake arrived with _____ from _______

answer

plants; east indies

question

flower pot snake negative impacts?

answer

no

question

geckos species

answer

cape day gecko and tropical house gecko (displacement of native gecko)

question

reptile/amphibian impact or potential impact

answer

to date, no evidence of economic environmental or agric. impacts from extralimital or alien introductions

question

with, increasing (reptile/amphibian) trade, it is important to:

answer

predict negative impacts in context of impacts identified elsewhere

question

genetic introgression a legitimate concern for reptile/amphibians?

answer

yes

question

example of hybridization reptile/amphibian:

answer

hybrid vigor of rhinella marina in australia

question

within pet trade, deliberate production of novel color morphs

answer

native natal python x alien burmese python

question

trophic impacts of reptile/amphibians

answer

distribution of predator-prey interactions. loss of local predator or prey spp. via novel defense

question

australian native spp have no defense to _______

answer

cane toad skin toxins

question

more trophic impacts (reptile/amphibians)

answer

devastation of entire food web.

question

example of devastation of entire food web:

answer

brown tree snake in guam

question

introduction of top predator resulted in 50-70% loss of _____

answer

native lizards,birds, mammals

question

amphibian invasions may affect food web structure by ______

answer

impacting agric. important invertebrates and aquatic plants

question

synergism of aquatic invasions:

answer

invasive fish, amphibian, plants

question

predation of native amphibians by _____ documented elsewhere

answer

bullfrog

question

ecological niche displacement

answer

vulnerable frogs, red-eared slider

question

african clawed toad vector of __________

answer

amphibian chytridiomycosis

question

what does amphibian chytridiomycosis cause

answer

mass mortality and population declines

question

chytrid organism endemic to, and what spp is resistant

answer

SA; native frogs

question

introduction of novel strains could devastate SA's _____

answer

native frogs

question

inclusion body disease in boas:

answer

potentially catastrophic effects on natal python

question

ticks of reptile/amphibians

answer

heartwater disease in livestock

question

ranaviruses affects:

answer

fish, amphibian, reptiles

question

ranavirus linkage between:

answer

aquatic and terrestrial origins

question

ranavirus implicated in what decline

answer

amphibians

question

ranavirus potential reservoir sp.

answer

african clawed toad

question

aquaculture and pet trade introductions increase ______

answer

disease risk

question

salmonella spread from:

answer

pet slider turtles to humans

question

parasites are ticks from

answer

turtles

question

examples of parasites

answer

ticks from turtles, tapeworms from cane toads

question

venomous and constricting snakes

answer

•In US, 9 People Killed by Pet Pythons, 1993-2009 • 3 Constrictors Recently Banned by USFWS

question

opportunity cost (reptile/amphibians):

answer

lack of spp. ecology info presents challenge for detecting invasion impacts

question

Kraus- Scientific/Aesthetic loss

answer

most understand spp. interactions before introduction; opportunity lost

question

Dealing with reptile/amphibian problem

answer

• Comprehensive&Involved Input from Pet, Aquaculture & Nursery Trades • Tradeoffs Between Cost Assoicated w/ Regulations & Reduced Trade Volume

question

costs of controlling invasive spp always ____ prevention

answer

greater

question

less focus on ____ & ____

answer

drivers and pathways

question

developing prevention strategies

answer

pet trade- focus on charismatic, easy to breed spp.

question

biological control unlikely pathway

answer

global awareness of negative vertebrate impacts

question

long history of _____ introductions in SA

answer

birds

question

europeans introduced what bird spp

answer

rock doves

question

70 bird spp short lived or

answer

restricted distributions

question

12 Spp. Potentially Invasive Based on

answer

pop current densities and distribution

question

7 bird spp permanent established associated with

answer

humans

question

environmental impacts of 7 established bird spp?

answer

no evidence of environmental impact

question

(birds) extralimital invasion by ____

answer

native spp

question

drivers of extralimital invasion by native bird spp

answer

urbanization, afforestation, impoundment, climate change

question

urbanization favors

answer

cliff nesters

question

afforestation favors

answer

woodland spp

question

impoundments favor

answer

fish eaters

question

climate change:

answer

range shifts

question

bird spp of special concern

answer

guinea fowl, ibis, egyptian goose, red-billed quelea

question

Abundance, Sociability, & Large Biomass =>

answer

Potentially Invasive Outside Native Range

question

extralimital bird species:

answer

self driven

question

bird alien spp all introduced by

answer

humans

question

exception of birds introduced by humans

answer

indian house crow

question

what bird spp established persistent populations

answer

mallard, parakeet, myna

question

multiple introductions and high dispersal (bird)

answer

rock dove, sparrow

question

major range extensions (bird)

answer

myna, starling

question

complex factors (bird)

answer

mallard, parakeet

question

urbanization, commercial afforestation, and alien plant spread facilitated

answer

range expansion

question

power poles for nesting increased:

answer

crow densities which increased seed dispersal and spread of alien cactus

question

creation of livestock ponds & farms faciliated

answer

dispersal of aquatic birds to arid areas

question

native and extralimital birds more detrimental than

answer

alien spp

question

starling, myna, quelea damage

answer

fruit crops,and cereal pest

question

starling damage:

answer

2o damage from pathogens and insects

question

sparrow and parakeet are pests of

answer

cereal and fruit crop

question

interspecific competition and predation

answer

myna, starling

question

pathogen and parasite spread to humans by:

answer

myna, starling

question

bird impacts

answer

chemical/physical damage to buildings, aircraft collision, hybridization

question

what birds cause damage to building

answer

rock doves, house sparrows

question

alien rock dove x native __

answer

speckled pigeon

question

mallard known to:

answer

hybridize w/ 50 waterfowl WW

question

dealing with bird problem: data on monetary cost and ecological impacts are ___

answer

limited

question

introduced to SA for wool,food?

answer

sheep,rabbits

question

introduced to SA for fur

answer

mink, nutria

question

introduced to SA for biocontrol/pets

answer

feral cats

question

introduced to SA for hunting/ornamental

answer

fallow deer

question

escape from capitivity:

answer

himalayan tahr

question

introduced mammals are invasive on ___

answer

islands

question

what mammals are highly invasive on mainland

answer

fallow deer, red lechwe

question

genus rattus

answer

largest mammalian genus of invasive and commensal rodents

question

wide range of fur color makes

answer

morphological ID difficult

question

new molecular data shows

answer

rats relatively recent introductions

question

game mammals introductions extensive in SA, second to

answer

US

question

himalayan tahr damages

answer

veg and soil erosions

question

feral pigs prey on

answer

T&E tortoises and small livestock

question

fallow deer better adapted to

answer

C3 grasses/climate change

question

carriers of zoonotic disease (fatal)

answer

rats

question

transmit leptospirosis, plague, toxoplasmosis

answer

rats

question

widespread mammal in SA

answer

house mmouse

question

house mouse introduced on ________ by _____

answer

marion island;sealers

question

house mouse biocontrol

answer

house cat; erradicated

question

mouse pop increasing w/

answer

ecosystem impacts

question

positive mouse contribution WW:

answer

models for medical experiments, tracing historial human migration patterns

question

domestic derived from

answer

egyptian wild cat

question

most widespread carnivore WW

answer

domestic cat

question

impacts of domestic cat

answer

hybridization with african wild cat, rabbit/bird predation on dassen island.

question

gray squirrel restricted to

answer

urban areas w/ large seed producing exotic trees

question

gray squirrels threat to

answer

garden birds, native squirels

question

considered pest on Robben Island

answer

european rabbit, pop limited by carnivores

question

Nyala outcompeting

answer

Bushbuck (altering vegetation)

question

dealing with problem: feral pig and himalayan tahr:

answer

controlled as part of invasion spp program

question

fallow deer, lechwe, nyala controlled by

answer

area

question

category 1a

answer

prohibited spp(can not be imported)

question

category 1b

answer

control part of invasive spp program

question

category 2

answer

regulation by area

question

category 3

answer

regulation by activity

question

priorities for legislation in SA

answer

focus on management of pathways, quantitative risk assessment

question

non-natice spp introduced in US bad?

answer

nope

question

Estimating Economic Impacts of Non-native Spp. on Agriculture, Forestry & Public Health

answer

difficult

question

biotic invasions increasing

answer

pop growth, rapid transportation, environmental degradation

question

plants introduced for

answer

food, fiber, ornamental

question

non native weeds invading (USA)

answer

florida, hawaii

question

successful biocontrol terrestrial weed (USA)

answer

purple loosestrife

question

small mammals (european rats, house mouse, european rabbit) pests on

answer

farms, industries, homes

question

rats effect (USA)

answer

cause fires, transmit salmonella, plague

question

one of 1st biocontrol failures (small mammals in USA)

answer

indian mongoose

question

Introduced into Caribbean & Hawaii in late 19th Century for Control of Rats in Sugarcane

answer

indian mongoose

question

Controlled Asiatic Rat But NOT European Rat

answer

indian mongoose

question

indian mongoose is a major vector of

answer

rabies and leptospirosis

question

wild dogs pack

answer

major livestock problem, 5 million humans attack

question

prime example of beneficial birds in USA

answer

pigeon

question

Major Disperser of Invasive Weed Lantana in hawaii

answer

myna bird

question

bird introduced for control of canker worm (USA)

answer

english house sparrow

question

most important bird pest in USA

answer

common pigeon

question

Reservoirs & Vectors of Human & Livestock Diseases, e.g. Encephalitis (USA BIRD)

answer

common pigeon

question

brown tree snake introduced into guam after

answer

WWII in military goods

question

grass carp and common carp (USA):

answer

• Alter Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems by Reducing Vegetation & Increasing Turbidity • Causes Extinctions of Some Native Fish

question

accounts for >50% of arthropod invasions

answer

hawaii

question

zebra mussel first discovered where and arrived from where

answer

• First Discovered in Detroit's Lake St. Clair • Arrived From Europe in Ship Ballast Water

question

gypsy moth intentionally introduced for

answer

silk production

question

Major Non-native Diseases w/ Greatest Impacts in USA

answer

syphillis, hiv/aids, influenza

question

Outbreaks Still Occur Due to Resistance to Antibiotics

answer

syphillis

question

syphillis exacerbated by

answer

hiv infection

question

most invasion vertebrates in US

answer

often championed as beneficial

question

NISC organization

answer

Developed National Invasive Spp. Manage. Plan

question

US _____ invaders leading cause of environ. change

answer

vertebrates

question

Benefit-Cost Analyses Essential for

answer

determining most economically efficient techniques

question

norway rat introduced via

answer

trans atlantic shipping

question

norway rat reproduction rate

answer

dramatic reproductive potential.

question

roof rat is a reservoir of

answer

bubonic plague

question

roof rat and norway rat management

answer

environmental control and sanitation

question

polynesian rat only present in

answer

hawaii

question

smallest member of rat genus

answer

polynesian rat

question

polynesian rat adapted to

answer

wide range of habitats

question

polynesian rat failed biocontrol:

answer

mongo0se

question

most widespread rat species

answer

house mouse

question

house mouse native to

answer

central asian grassland

question

house mouse management

answer

IPM

question

nutria native to

answer

s america

question

nutira management

answer

hunting, trapping

question

rat impacting fruit industry in fl

answer

gambian giant pouched rat

question

Feral swine trasnmit

answer

brucellosis, rabies, fly

question

small indian mongoose introduced for biocontrol of

answer

rats, snakes in sugarcane fields

question

oldest non-native bird spp in USA

answer

rock pigeon

question

rock pigeon harbor/transmit over

answer

40 zoonotic diseases

question

Considered "Most Deplorable Event in American Ornithology"

answer

16 house or english sparrow birds released in NY city

question

house or english sparrows are ____ feeders

answer

seed feeders

question

harbor bed bugs

answer

house or english sparrows

question

Listed as One of Top 100 Invaders WW

answer

european starling

question

native to s. america in croplands, savannahs

answer

monk parakeet

question

Imported into US via Pet Trade in 1960s

answer

monk parakeet

question

Considered Major Crop Pest in S. America, Not US

answer

monk parakeet

question

brown tree snake native to

answer

australia, new guinea

question

brown tree snake management

answer

• Prevent Cargo & Aircraft Entry- Detector Dogs • Live Trapping, Hand Capture, Toxicants, Repellents, Fumigants, Contraceptives

question

Introduced to Florida via Illegal Pet Releases

answer

burmese python

question

burmese python native to

answer

thailand ---> viet

question

burmese python management

answer

• Strategies for Controlling Pythons Still Developing • Include Capture Mechanisms, Detection Methods, Reproductive Baits, Toxicants

question

Terrestrial Tree Frog Introduced to Hawaii from PR in 1980s

answer

coqui frog

question

Distinctive Call -"Ko-Kee" Produced by Males

answer

coqui frog

question

do coqui frogs have tadpole stage?

answer

no

question

coqui frog impacts and carriers of

answer

• Sheer Numbers Reduce Invertebrates, Compete w/ Birds, Alter Food Webs & Nutrient Cycling • Reduce Real Estate Values • Increased Floriculture Costs • Carrier of Chytrid Fungus- Linked to Frog Declines WW

question

primitive boneless fish

answer

sea lamprey

question

Construction of Welland Canal 1919 Facilitated Spread of this spp in Great Lakes

answer

sea lamprey

question

Introduced by US Fish Commission in 1800s as Food Fish

answer

european carp

question

Targeted as Sport Fish or for Bow Hunting

answer

european carp

question

what carp escaped aquaculture

answer

asian carp

question

Causative Agent for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

answer

HIV

question

hiv origin

answer

africa

question

Main AIDS Pandemic Subtype (HIV-1) Originated from

answer

chimps in central frica

question

HIV-2 Subtype Originated from

answer

sooty mangabey monkey

question

hiv greatest impact on

answer

sub-saharan africa

question

country with largest HIV infection rate

answer

south africa

question

____ susceptible to HIVdue to low social status

answer

women

question

country with low hiv infection rate

answer

india

question

CDC goals

answer

• Reduce Number of People Infected •Increase Treatment Availability • Strengthen Prevention Programs

question

Linked HIV Infections Declining From Drug Preventionin brazil

answer

IDU

question

successful HIV program in brazil

answer

needle exchange program

question

One of World's Lowest Incidence of AIDS Cases

answer

new zzealand

question

Government in new zealand Aggressive in Adopting Various Response Programs

answer

• Needle Exchange • National Media Campaigns • HIV Testing • Blood Supply Screenings

question

Evidence of Humans Infected Since Neolithic Period

answer

tuberculosis

question

main cause of death among people w/ hiv/aids

answer

tuberculosis

question

3 TB bacterial strains only infects

answer

humans

question

>33% of worlds pop infected with

answer

tb

question

Annual Incidence of TB Highest in

answer

southeast asia

question

One of Highest Incidences of TB Worldwide

answer

south africa

question

National Health Priority in south african

answer

Provide Accessible & Adequate Treatment for Poor (successfuL)

question

ranks 10th worldwide in tb cases

answer

brazil

question

TB Bacterium Introduced During

answer

gold rush

question

TB at Epidemic Levels in this Group

answer

yanomami indians

question

Created "Bonus Program" for Public Health Facilities to Treat & Cure TB

answer

brazil

question

TB incidicence increasing due to immigrants in

answer

new zealand

question

malaria orgin

answer

Parasitic Disease Caused by Four Plasmodium Protozoans

question

origin of malaria

answer

southeasia asia and africa

question

Primary Vectors of malaria

answer

anopheles mosquitoes

question

Malaria surveillance/response

answer

• Accounts for 5X Number of Cases Than AIDS, TB, Measles & Leprosy Combined !!! • Africa Especially Hard Hit • Responsible for 25% of Childhood Deaths • Pregnant Women Also Vulnerable

question

imported malaria cases increasing from

answer

globalization

question

high risk groups of malaria in brazil

answer

native trives in amazon basin

question

One of Best malaria Programs in S.Africa

answer

GIS Mapping & Modeling Used to Predict Outbreak Areas

question

chloera evolved on

answer

indian subcontinent

question

Thrives in Coastal Marine Environments

answer

chloera

question

WHO Implemented Cholera Control Program

answer

• Emphasis on Clean Water, Sewage Control & Personal Hygiene • 3 Vaccines Available; 95% Effective After 1st Injection

question

country with highest # of chloera infections

answer

s africa

question

influenza orgins

answer

Evolved in Eurasian or N. American Birds & Passed to Humans 10 K Years ago

question

type A/b influenza affects

answer

humans

question

Worst Pandemic Disease in History

answer

spanish flu

question

Influenza surveillance/response

answer

VaccinationMostEffectiveMeansofPrevention

question

what type of influenza causes majority of outbreaks

answer

type a virus

question

suspectible to influenza

answer

ederly, preg women, weak immune system

question

one of oldest humans diseases

answer

hepatitis

question

HBV originated in

answer

africa

question

Hepatitis A spread by

answer

Contact w/ Feces, Semen, Saliva & Blood of Infected People

question

In Africa,Asia&SouthPacific,HBVContracted during

answer

childhood

question

which hepatitis Infects Only 3% of World's Population

answer

C

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