Adolescence ch. 10-13 – Flashcards
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The two main approaches to student learning are constructivist and
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direct instruction.
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In Mr. Durgan's U.S. history class, students work in teams to explore, research, and present a topic to the class. They can choose from a list of topics or propose a topic to the teacher for approval. Mr. Durgan serves as their guide and mentor for the project. This is an example of
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the constructivist approach to learning.
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Which of the following statements regarding the direct approach to learning is NOT true?
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It is a student-centered approach.
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Jamie has a reading disability. Which of the following approaches to learning would experts recommend for Jamie?
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direct instruction
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The Common Core State Standards
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specifies a minimum skills set that all children of a certain age should have.
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Turning Points 2000 continues to endorse the recommendations of Turning Points 1989 but adds a new recommendation for schools to
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engage in instruction to help students achieve higher standards and become life-long learners.
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Being a high school dropout increases the likelihood of ______ during emerging adulthood.
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attempted suicide.
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Mrs. Grundy, a superintendent of schools, wants to implement strategies that will decrease the dropout rate in her district. According to research, what should Mrs. Grundy concentrate on FIRST?
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Early detection and remediation of children's learning difficulties.
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The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds dropout-reduction programs that emphasize which strategy?
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keeping at-risk students with the same teachers through their high school years
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Which of the following statements about stress in college is NOT true?
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College males are more likely than their female counterparts to feel overwhelmed.
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How much more money can a college graduate expect to make compared to a higher school graduate?
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$20,000
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Mrs. Chen has been given an award by her school district for being a highly effective teacher. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Mrs. Chen?
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She is able to keep her class working together.
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Mr. Root has clear classroom rules but students are so busy being absorbed in learning that he rarely has to enforce a rule. As a result, his students are
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more likely to be motivated.
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Which of the following factors has adolescent expert Jacquelynne Eccles identified as a problem for adolescents entering middle school or junior high school?
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Teachers become more controlling at a time when young adolescents are seeking more autonomy.
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Ross's parents have routines for meals, chores, recreation, homework, and bedtimes. As a result, Ross is likely to
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have few school problems.
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Which of the following statements regarding parental involvement in adolescents' schooling is TRUE?
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Parents need to receive better information about curricular choices.
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How might parents indirectly affect the likelihood of children both being victim of bullying and a perpetrator of bullying?
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Supervising their children.
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Olweus's bullying prevention program focuses on children ages
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6 to 15.
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When implemented properly, Olweus's bullying prevention program reduces bullying by
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30 to 70 percent.
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Jonathan Kozol, author of The Shame of the Nation, found in his visits to 60 U.S. schools in low-income areas that teachers
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often employed threatening discipline techniques.
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The "jigsaw classroom" was developed by
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Elliot Aronson.
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Which of the following statements regarding Germany's school system is NOT true?
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It has four educational ability tracks.
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Which of the following countries has an entrance examination for secondary schools?
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Japan
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Which of the following countries has a comprehensive secondary-school exit exam?
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Australia
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A major concern of experts is that ADHD is being
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incorrectly diagnosed by school teams.
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Which of the following medications has been prescribed for the treatment of ADHD?
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Ritalin
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A written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored for children or adolescents with a disability is called
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an individualized education plan.
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Educating a child or adolescent with special education needs in the regular classroom full-time is called
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inclusion.
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Ellen Winner's three characteristics of adolescents who are gifted are precocity, a passion to master, and
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marching to their own drummer.
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Moira, age 13, began playing the violin at age 4. Now she can play nearly as well as her father, who is a professional musician. She seems to love her music lessons, and playing the violin seems effortless for her. Moira is demonstrating a characteristic of giftedness that Ellen Winner calls
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precocity.
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Linda, age 12, is gifted in art. Her parents arrange for her to take a class in sculpture at a local college, but she does not take directions from the professor very well. While other students ask for support and guidance, Linda creates her sculptures totally on her own. Linda is demonstrating a characteristic of giftedness that Ellen Winner calls
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marching to her own drummer.
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Which of the following is NOT true of adolescents and achievement?
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achievement is primarily due to their intellectual abilities.
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Which psychological approaches stress the importance of intrinsic motivation in achievement?
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humanistic approaches
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Encouraging self-determination through personal choice in the classroom has been shown to be related to all of the following EXCEPT
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Connection to parents and peers.
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Which of the following statements regarding interest is TRUE?
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Interest is more specific than intrinsic motivation.
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Perceived causes of outcomes are known as
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attributions.
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Research has shown that adolescents show two distinct responses to difficult or challenging circumstances. One is mastery orientation and the other is
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helpless orientation.
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Adolescents with a performance orientation are focused on
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winning.
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Carol Dweck refers to the cognitive view that individuals develop for themselves as their
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mindset.
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Justin is extremely goal-oriented, optimistic, and driven. Carol Dweck would say that Justin has a
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growth mindset.
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In the study by Englund, Luckner, and Whaley regarding parental expectations of academic success, what were the general findings?
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Parental expectations of academic success were related to both the level of education obtained by the child and life satisfaction in adulthood.
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Adolescents have improved self-efficacy and achievement when they set goals that are specific, proximal, and
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challenging.
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Simon tells his mother that he wants to have all of his homework done by dinnertime every day instead of waiting until after dinner to even get started. This is an example of
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a proximal goal.
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Which of the following statements regarding social comparison is TRUE?
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Adolescents are more likely to engage in social comparison than children.
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Claire is in a program where she is matched with a member of the community who can help her to develop her interest in nonprofit organizational management. Claire is in a(n) _____ mentoring
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formal
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Which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity is NOT true?
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In most cases, deficits and differences are the same thing.
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Researcher Sandra Graham found that middle-SES African American students
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do not fit the stereotype of being unmotivated.
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Perfectionism
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is related to increased risk of depression and suicide ideation.
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Strategies to protect self-worth and avoid failure include all of the following EXCEPT
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setting low goals and objectives.
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About what percentage of tenth-graders today combine school and part-time work?
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90 percent
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In a recent survey it was found that approximately what percentage of part-time college students were employed?
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75 percent
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The percentage of full-time U.S. college students who were employed in 2011was approximately
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41 percent.
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Jared wants to be an auto mechanic and to someday own his own shop. Where is Jared most likely to receive his education in automotive technology?
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at a two-year college
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The unemployment rate for college graduates is ______ which is ______ than previous years.
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5.6%; lower
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Career development is related to _____ in adolescents and emerging adults.
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identity development
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A student who has not yet made a commitment to a career but is still exploring options is in
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identity moratorium.
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Shelby's parents devalue her choice of career. Shelby wants to become a cosmetologist. Her long-term goal is to own and manage her own day spa offering a range of services. Her parents want her to go to college and "become someone other than a glorified hairdresser." Research has shown that
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Shelby may be influenced by her parents' values and beliefs.
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Which of the following statements regarding gender and culture is NOT true?
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In most cultures, the experiences of males and females are becoming more alike.
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Which of the following countries is NOT group-oriented?
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Canada
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Which of the following countries is best described as individualistic?
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the Netherlands
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Researchers have found that _____ is related to culture.
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self-conception
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In individualistic cultures, which of the following is NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy?
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extrinsic motivation
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Recent research by Reed Larson and colleagues on adolescents' use of time indicates that
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U.S. adolescents may have too much unstructured time for optimal development.
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Rites of passage in many parts of the world provide a _____ entry into the adult world.
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discontinuous
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Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to a grouping of people who are similar in all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
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ethnicity.
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Teens in upwardly-mobile upper-middle SES families face problems in
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Substance abuse
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The federal poverty level is adjusted
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for inflation.
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Living in poverty is associated with allof the following EXCEPT
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Parental disappointment
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Karen, age 26, and her 4-year-old daughter, Meghan, are involved in an antipoverty program that provides Karen with job-skills training and provides free preschool for Meghan. This is an example of a
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two-generation intervention.
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The New Hope program is designed to
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reduce family poverty.
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Bill was involved with a comprehensive program in which he was assigned a mentor for all four years of high school. In addition, there were a number of other requirements including community service. Bill was paid for every hour that he participated in the program. This program was most likely
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the Quantum Opportunities program.
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Which of the following is NOT an area of youth concern in the El Puente program?
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increasing public assistance to families
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Recent research shows links between acculturation and
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adolescent problems.
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Which ethnic group is seen as the "model minority"?
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Japanese Americans
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Among the problems associated with prejudice and discrimination, the most likely outcome is
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Mental health problems.
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Margo sees her new classmate, Fotima, a recent immigrant from Haiti, put all of the extra bread, rolls, butter, and cookies into her backpack at lunchtime. Margo imagines that food may have been scarce for Fotima in Haiti, so she is "stockpiling" it now. Margo is demonstrating
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perspective-taking.
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A recent study of sixth-grade students in the United States revealed that _____ children experience discrimination from their peers comparable to discrimination faced by African American children.
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Chinese American
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Television viewing and video game playing often peak during
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early adolescence.
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Older adolescents spend more time listening to music and _____ than younger adolescents do.
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using computers
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Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to spend the most time using media?
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John, a 15-year-old African American boy.
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Watching TV has been negatively linked to all of the following EXCEPT
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ADHD.
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Researches suggested three possible reasons that why watching TV is negatively linked to children's achievement. This includes interference, displacement and
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self-defeating tastes/preferences.
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Researchers have found a negative association between the amount of time children watch TV and their
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reading ability.
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Excessive internet use has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT
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Poor relationships with family.
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The developmental psychopathology approach focuses on
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describing and exploring the developmental pathways of problems.
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Researchers in the field of developmental psychopathology seek to establish links between
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early precursors of a problem and later outcomes.
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Dr. Angco is studying whether adolescents who cut themselves to relieve tension were children who did things like bang their heads on walls or scratch their arms with their fingernails when they were between the ages of three and six. Dr. Angco uses which approach?
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the developmental psychopathology approach
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Hannah, age 22, suffers from an anxiety disorder that requires her to take anti-anxiety medication in order to function at her job and in her personal life. Hannah has which of the following problems?
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an internalizing problem
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Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues found that anxiety problems in adolescence are linked with
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insecure resistant attachment in infancy.
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Research by Alan Sroufe and colleagues has shown a link between avoidant attachment in infancy and _____ in adolescence.
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conduct problems
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The behavioral problems that most likely cause adolescents to be referred to a clinic for mental health treatment are
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feelings of sadness or depression.
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Pianta has called predictors of problems as
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risk factors.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the external developmental assets identified by Peter Benson?
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positive identity
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Cameron has just been diagnosed as HIV-positive. For Cameron, his HIV status is
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a chronic stressor.
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Teens tend to report more stress in which of the following areas?
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When with parents.
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The negative consequences that result from contact between two distinctive cultural groups are known as _____ stress.
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acculturative
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Kate is having problems understanding the concepts in her sociology class. She goes to see her professor during his office hours, and she studies with a group of students who can help her. Kate is using what Lazarus would call
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problem-focused coping.
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Which of the following statements regarding coping strategies is NOT true?
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Emotion-focused coping works better than problem-focused coping.
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What has research shown to be the most effective cognitive factor in decreasing depression severity among a group of teens who were given antidepressant medication?
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support
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Researcher Ann Masten has found that all of these factors are linked to resilience EXCEPT
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community factors.
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The Monitoring the Future Study at the University of Michigan follows trends in
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drug use.
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Carena has taken a drug that produces striking perceptual changes. Wherever she looks right now, she sees beautiful butterflies, objects glowing and changing shapes, and colors are rich and vibrant. It is most likely that Carena has taken
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LSD
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Which of the following is NOT a stimulant drug?
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marijuana
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Alcohol acts on the body as a
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depressant.
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Since the 1980s, amphetamine use among high school seniors has
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decreased significantly.
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MDMA is known on the street as:
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Ecstasy.
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Which of the following drugs is a prescription painkiller?
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Vicodin
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Drugs that are derived from the male hormone testosterone are known as
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anabolic steroids.
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Ira is experiencing impotence, premature baldness, enlargement of the prostate gland, and pain upon urination. What class of drugs is Ira most likely using?
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anabolic steroids
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Al, age 16, has just been convicted of robbery. Because of his age, this offense would be labeled as
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an index offense.
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Tyler, age 13, has brought alcohol to school on two occasions and has run away from home twice. Tyler's acts are
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status offenses.
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Jake, age 14, has a long history of setting small fires, torturing kittens, skipping school, and fighting with his peers. His parents have sought counseling for him, as they cannot control him and fear that his behavior is getting worse. Jake meets the criteria for a diagnosis of
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conduct disorder.
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Erik Erikson viewed delinquency as an attempt to
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establish an identity.
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Belinda is a registered nurse who is employed at the Nurse Family Partnership. Which of the following activities would Brenda do as part of her daily work?
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provide in-home support and training for adolescent mothers and their children up to age two
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Suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds in the United States today?
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third
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Which of the following statements about suicide is TRUE?
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Emerging adults have tripled the suicide rates of adolescents.
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Research has shown that the girls most likely to experience dieting or disordered eating behavior are those who are both in pubertal transition and
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sexually active with their boyfriends.
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Recent research indicates that the most effective treatment for adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa is
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family therapy.
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What is thought to be the most effective method in reducing obesity among teens?
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Interventions aimed at changing the family lifestyle.
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About what percentage of children who become obese have one obese parent?
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40 percent
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Yolanda's parents are both overweight. According to research, Yolanda has a _____ chance of becoming overweight herself.
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70 percent
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Researchers have determined that, compared to clinical approaches, school-based programs aimed at reducing the number of overweight adolescents are
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less effective.
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Which personality characteristic has been associated with anorexia?
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perfectionism
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The four problems that affect the largest number of adolescents are sexual problems, juvenile
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school-related problems.
