govt test 2 question – Flashcards
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may involve a second or runoff primary
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primary election voting
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who elects state level party officers
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conventions
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at which level can conventions select party leaders chosen by delegates elected at local levee.
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state level
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done by passing resolutions in local and state conventions and adopting a platform at the state convention
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determining party policy
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where are candidates chosen to run for president and vp?
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national convention
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lowest level of temporary party organizations
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precinct conventions
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elect delegates to county or district convention
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main business of precinct convention
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held in heavily populated counties that have more than one state senatorial district
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district conventions
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elect delegates to state convention
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main business of district conventions
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certify to secretary of state names of party members nominated in the march and april primaries, write rules that will govern party, draft and adopt platform, adopt resolutions regarding issues too specific to be included in platform, select members of partys state executive committee
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delegates of state conventions
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states electoral vote equals
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number of members in US congress
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selection of national conventional delegates
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chosen acceding to results of primary vote
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parties select delegates to a national convention in
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caucuses
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combine the two delegate selection plans in a primary caucus described as the
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texas two step
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super delegates
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unpledged
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selects national deletes from results of presidential preference primary
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republican selection
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selects all at large delegates
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nominating committee
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these executive committees nationwide are linked
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only nominaly
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highest level, national committee precinct chairs, count, district, and state executive committees, comprise
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the permanent organization of the state parties.
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recruit candidates, devise srategies, raise funds, distribute candidate literature and info, register voters, and turn out voters on election day
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role of permanent party organization
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basic party official in both the temporary and permanent party structure
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precinct chair
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elected by precinct voters in party primaries for a two year term
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precinct chair
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duties include registeringa nd canvassing voters within precinct, distributing candidate literature and info, operating phone banks within precinct on behalf of party, get people to polls
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precinct chair
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unpaid party official who arranges for precinct convention and serves on county executive committee
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precinct chair
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composed of all precinct chairs and county chair who are elected by county party members in primaries
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county and district executive committee
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conduct primaries and arrange for county conventions
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county executive committees
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key party official and serves as the chief strategist within that county
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county chair at local level
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recruiting local candidate for office raising funds, establishing and staffing partys camping headquarters within county, and serving as local spokesperson for party.
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dues of county chair
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composed of county chairs from each county in a given district
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distrit executive committe
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rarely meet
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district executive committees
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highest permanent party organization in the state
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state executive commitee
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composed of one man and one women from each of 31 senatorial districts plus chair and vice chair
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state executive committee
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serves as state executive committees chief strategist and spokesperson
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state chair
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may represent statewide auxiliary organizations within party like women's groups racial groups etc.
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state executive committee
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because of influences of individualistic and traditionalistic cultures, both democrats and republicans tend to be
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conservative
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give highest priority to reduced taxing and spending
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fiscal conservatives
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stress importance of their family values
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social conservatives
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fiscally conservative but allows for limited govt. role in solving social problems
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neoconservatism
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in response to emergency economic stabilization act an american recovery and reinvestment act
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tea party movement
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favor regulation of economy to achieve more equitable distribution of wealth
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liberalism
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claim govt. is obligated to aid unemployed, alleviate poverty and guarantee equal rights
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liberalism
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incorporates philosophy of less govt regulation of business and the economy while adopting more liberal view of greater govt involvement in social programs
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neoliberal
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who controlled politics during civil war
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democrats
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who controlled politics during reconstruction
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republicans
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with republican victory of senatorial candidate kay bailey hutchison
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texas GOP began a series of firsts
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republican primaries conducted in all 254 counties
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1996
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demonstrated the acceptance by national democratic candidates that texas was s republican state and that its electoral votes were not needed for a democratic presidential victory
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clinton focused on closely contested states where he was more likely to win
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gave republicans control of all statewide offices but one
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1998 elections
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established the Century COuncil
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rick perry
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first gubernatorial candidate of a political party to be elected with less than 40% of vote
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perry
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perry portrayed hutchison as a
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washington insider
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wrote "Fed up! our fight to save america from washington"
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perry
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has brought more women latinos and blacks into state political system
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competition between democratic and republican parties
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result of bringing more latinos blacka and women into state political system
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politics has become more competitive and more nationalized
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texas politics today is
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more partisan
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any political party other than republican or democrat
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third party
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successfully promoted agricultural issues and displaced republicans as the sec on party in texas
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populist party
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advocates minimizing govt involvement at all levels while maximizing individual freedom and rights
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libertarian party
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applies to candidates who have no party affiliation
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independents
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lack a ready made campaign organization and fundraising abilities
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independents-makes their success less likely
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one tough grandma
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carolene strayhorn, competitor with perry, announced she would be independent
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gives texans an opportunity to influence public policymaking by expression preferences for candidates and issues when they vote
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democratic election process
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platform was the ten commandments and golden rule and won election in landslide
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o'daniel, pass the biscuits pappy
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brief statement of candidate campaign theme on tv
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sound bite
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allow structuring their messages and avoiding possible misstatements
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ads
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usually wants the debate
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the underdog
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reaction of many citizens who were disappointed by candidates' low ethical level of campaigning and by their avoidance of critical public issues
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mudslide campaigns
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corrective force for reform
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voters
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most important and expensive communication tool
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TV
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group supporting media access reform
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campaign legal center
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relatively weak, tend to reemphasize reporting of contributions
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texas laws
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more restrictive, reporting requirements and limits on contributions to campaign by individual citizens and PACs
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federal laws
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requires financial disclosure from public officials
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texas ethics commission
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further restricting amy of money that can be contributed
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another area of possible reform
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includes prohibition of soft money, and increase of hard money contribution limits, and restriction on corporations and labor unions ability to run electioneering ads featuring names or likenesses of candidates close to election day
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campaign reform act
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donations to national political parties for federal elect purposes
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soft money
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direct contributions
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hard money
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upheld constitutionality of soft money ban
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mcconnell v fed
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overturned soft money ban
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citizens united v federal election commission
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strengthens texas ehtics commisison, curbs conflict of interest and requires greater disclosure of campaign contributions. prohibits lawmakers from lobbying for clients before state agencies
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house bill 1606
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shape political campaigns
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racial/ethnic politics
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founded in 1969 by jose angel gutierrez
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raza unida party
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maturity of democratic party to accept hispanics
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main reason raza unida party didn't survive as meaningful voice
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latinos respond to
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candidates and issues, not to a particular party
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diluted influence of latinos and was unconstitutional under the 1965 voting rights act
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irving's method of choosing council members through citywide at large elctions
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can represent margin of victory for candidate
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latinos
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first black to serve on court
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justice jefferson
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80% identify with democrats
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blacks
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first openly gay mayor of major city
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annise parker
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combine to deny women their rightful place in govt
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parental obligations and age old prejudices
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principle political activity
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voting
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preservative of all other rights
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voting
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focus of KKK
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north east texas
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declared the grandfather clause unconstitutional
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Guinn v united states
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abolished poll tax as a prerequisite to vote
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24th amendment
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invalidated all state laws of poll tax being prerequisite
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harper v virginia state board of elections
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designed to deny blacks and latinos access to democratic primary
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al white primaries
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sate democratic executive committee adopted resolution allowing only whites to vote in democratic primaries until
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smith v allwright
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manipulating district lines to underrepresent persons of a political party of group
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gerrymandering
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packing blacks into a given district
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racial gerrymandering
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purpose to increase number of republican representatives in congress, contended it dilutd minority voting strength
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controversial redistricting plan in 2003
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can prevent an area with significant minority population from electing representative of their choice
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at large minority districts
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expanded electorate and encouraged voting
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voting rights act of 1965
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abolishes literacy tests, prohibits residency requirements, requires states to provide early voting, allows individuals to sue fed court
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voting rights act of 1965
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national voter restoration act
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motor law
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simplified voter registration
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motor law
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prohibits denial of voting rites b/c of race
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15th amendment
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precludes denial of suffrage on basis of gender
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19th amendment
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prohibits states from requiring payment of poll tax
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24th amendment
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forbids setting minimum voting age to greater than 18
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26th amendment
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voter turnout in texas is greater in
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presdential elections than in nonpresidential
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influence of pollsters and media consultants, voter fatigue from too many elections, negative campaigning, lack of info, and feelings of isolation from govt.
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attribution of low participation
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strongest socioeconomic influences on voting
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education
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middle aged americans 40-64
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highest voter turnout
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determining voting procedure
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state responsibility
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chief elections officer for texas
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secretary of state
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has all state law concerning parties, primaries, and elections
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texas election code
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intended to determine in advance whether prospective voters meet all qualifications
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voter registration
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voting early
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limited to in person, by mail, and facsimile machine voting
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ends four days before election/primary
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early voting
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states with longer early voting period
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less turnout
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basic geographic area for conducting national, state, district, and county elections
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voting precincts
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conduct primary elections
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party officials
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prepares general and special election ballots
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county clerk or elections administrator
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election administration
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tax assessor-collector or county clerk
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also a county election commission
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county judge, clerk or elections administrator, sheriff, and chairs of two major parties
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polling places, printing ballots, providing supplies/voting equipment
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responsibilities of election commission
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appoints one election judge and one alternate judge each from different parties to administer elections in each precinct for max term two years also canvasses and certifies election results
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county commissioners court
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selects as many clerks as needed
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judge
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appoints election judges
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city secretary
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five voting systems
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general election
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cheap and easy to use but counting is slow
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paper ballots
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sparsely populated counties use it sometimes
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paper ballots
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over votes
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chose more than one candidate
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more over votes and undervotes
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punch cards
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replace old technology with direct recording electronic devices
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help americans vote act
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registration and election materials in texas must be printed in english and spanish
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result of 1975 extension of federal voting rights act
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select nominees for office
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primaries
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designed to provide nominating method that avoids domination by party bosses and allow wider participation by members
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direct primaries
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give voters of one party an opportunity to sabotage primary of another party
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criticism of open blanket and jungle primaries
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requires voters declare a party affiliation when registering to vote show party ID when voting in primary and can vote only in primary registered.
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closed primary
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doesn't require party ID can choose ballot for any party
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open primary
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all voters same ballot, with all names of nominees and independent candidates
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nonpartisan blanket primary
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louisiana blanket primary
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jungle primary
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conduct primaries with enactment of terrell election law of 1905
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texas primaries
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bonds of party loyalty loosen at
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general election time
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evidence of a long term trend toward voter independence of traditional party ties
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crossover voting
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more likely to crossover
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republicans
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closed primary and open primary state
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texas
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requires voters identify party affiliation
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texas election code
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sponsor and administer primaries
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political parties
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administer election
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county elections administrator or clerk
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add to formal system of geographic representation used for electing officeholders
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interest groups: economic and professional
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right of association as party of right of asebmly
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NAACP v alabama
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increases ability of interest groups to influence governmental activities
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decentralized government
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interest groups continue to exert heavy influence over
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state officials
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spurred political activism among conservatives
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christian coalition
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highly centralized organization that takes form of single controlling body without affiliated local or regional units
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national rifle association
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composed of active minority and passive majority
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interest groups
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among first to organize and press national state and local govt. to adopt favorable public policies
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business groups
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typically advocate lower taxes, lessening or elimination of prize and quality controls by govt, and minimal concessions to labor unions
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business groups
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standards of admission to a profession and licensing of practitioners are of concern
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professional groups
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authorized state legislature impose a $250,000 cap for noneconomic damages in medical malpractice cses.
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amendment proposition 12
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better working conniptions, higher wages, more fringe benefits, and better retirement packages.
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government employee groups
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intervention to increase wages,obtain adequate health insurance coverage, provide unemployment insurance, and promote safe working conditions
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labor groups
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successful in influencing public policies relating to school integration and local govt. redistricting
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naacp
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nonpartisan organization advocating greater political participation and public understanding of government issues. publishes the texas voters guide
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league of women's voters of texas
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partisan interest group provides resources for women to influence govt actions/policies
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texas federation of republican women
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major role in organizing texas freedom network
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cecile richards-oppose christian coalition
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supports increased funding for parent training
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texas industrial areas foundation
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lobbied brownsville school district to increase wages for employees and indirectly influenced other public institutions and companies to provide a living wage for their workers in order to live above poverty rate
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valley interfaith
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focuses on governmental and institutional reform
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common cause of texas
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business oriented trade associations, professional associations, and labor unions
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texas power groups
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maintain strong linkages with legislators and with bureaucrats, and are often repeat players in politics
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traits of power groups
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one of most influential texas power groups
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texas medican association
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oldest and best known tactic for interest groups
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lobbying
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one way to determine which interests are being represented before state legislature and which are not
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identifying interest groups that hire lobbyists
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gain access to legislators and other government decision makers
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first task of lobbyists
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one of the main interest group techniques
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personal communication
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to inform legislators of their groups positions on an issue
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immediate goal of lobbyists
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attempt to create an image of brad public support for a groups goals
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grassroots lobbying
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direct mailings, tv and newspaper ads, rallies and local group action
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grassroots techniques
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participating in political campaign activities
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electioneering
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publishing political records of incumbent candidates
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one of the simplest and most common forms of interest group participation
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task or raising funds and distributing financial contributes to candidates who are sympathetic to their cause
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pac's
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connection between election campaign contributions of PACs and lobbying activities
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best indication of power among groups
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conspiracy to accept bribes for passing deposit insurance bills
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sharpstown bank scandal
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enforce new legal standards for lobbyists and pubic officials.
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texas ethics commission-by 72nd amendment
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commission members appointed by
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governor, lieutenant governor, and house speaker
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initially designed to increase power of public prosecutors to use evidence that contributions to lawmakers by lobbyists and other individuals are more than mere campaign donations
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texas ethics commission
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gratuitous payments in recognition of professional services for which there is no legally enforceable obligation to pay
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honoraria
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requiring amount to be reported
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80th legislature passed a law
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system set up to support
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incumbents
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renewed ethics commission until 2015
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78th legislature passed H.B. 1606
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strengthened enforcement powers of the ethics commission, provides stricter disclosure requirements, broadened requirements for disclosing conflicts of interest
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H.B. 1606
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structure of weak government will ordinarily produce
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strong interest groups
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states with high population levels, advanced industrialization, significant per capita wealth, and high levels formal eductation
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likely to product weak interest grouse and strong political parties
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strong interest groups and weak parties despite wealth
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texas
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ascertaining which groups have greatest influence depends on
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issues involved
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interest groups in texas often put the unorganized citizenry at a great disadvantage when
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public issues are at stake
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constitute county executive committee
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precinct chairs and county chairperson
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state convention elects
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state chair and vice chair and state executive committee
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precinct convention elects delegates to
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county or senatorial district convention
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county or district convention elect delegates to
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state convention
