question

Environmental Aesthetics is the study of how to appreciate beauty in the natural world.

answer

True

question

Industrial ecology is the study of laws which are designed to protect the health of human beings and their environment.

answer

False

question

Ideally, the _____ of a particular nation or community should match the ethical commitments of those living there.

answer

laws

question

CITES is an international treaty signed by 164 countries focused on preventing illegal trade in endangered species.

answer

True

question

The establishment of the Environmental Equity Work Group in 1989 by the EPA is an example of

answer

environmental justice.

question

The concept of putting aside land for the continuation of a traditional lifestyle is referred to as

answer

extractive reserve.

question

In 2002, the FBI testified before Congress that two ecoterrorist groups alone, the ______________ and the ________________, had committed over 600 criminal acts in the United States.

answer

Earth Liberation Front, Animal Liberation Front

question

The legal trade in rare or endangered species is estimated to earn over 5-8 billion a year, to aid habitat conservation measures.

answer

False

question

Ethics is

answer

one branch of philosophy.

question

Brazil nuts, latex rubber, and native medicines are examples of extractive reserves from the Brazilian rainforest.

answer

True

question

Across the world, cultures have different ethical commitments, which are reflected through

answer

cultural relativism.

question

What is the name of the theory which suggests that the environment has direct rights and qualifies for moral personhood?

answer

ecocentrism

question

Author of Walden, which describes a year in which he lived in direct contact with nature.

answer

Henry David Thoreau

question

Corporate expansion is determined primarily by

answer

profitability and cost reduction.

question

Wrote Silent Spring, which dramatized the danger of pesticides to wildlife and humans.

answer

Rachel Carson

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the General Motors Environmental Principles?

answer

oil spill reduction

question

Anthropocentrism is a philosophy of environmental responsibility that focuses primarily on human interests.

answer

True

question

The chief aim of CITES is to

answer

to prevent illegal international trade of endangered species.

question

Environmental justice is a law that allows cities, states, or individuals the right to sue companies for contamination of water supplies.

answer

False

question

The Oil Protection Act of 1990

answer

regulates supertankers and reduces the chances of oil spills.

question

Stresses a balance between resource use and resource availability

answer

conservation ethic

question

In 1994, delegates from around the world gathered for the Conference on Population and Development. Representatives from developing countries protested that

answer

a baby born in the United States will consume 20 times the resources in its lifetime as an African or Indian baby.

question

World food production has doubled in the last 40 years because of

answer

fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yielding varieties.

question

Aldo Leopold published his thoughts on land-use ethics in A Sand County Almanac.

answer

True

question

Predominant feeling of a culture concerning ethical issues.

answer

Morals

question

The environmental justice movement emerged from the opposition of a PCB landfill in Warren County, North Carolina.

answer

True

question

To get around the Oil Protection Act of 1990 many oil carriers

answer

use lightly regulated oil barges pulled by tugboats.

question

In Ecocentrism, it is suggested that the environment itself, not just living organisms that inhabit it, has moral worth.

answer

True

question

The view that a healthy relationship with the environment relies upon a spiritual oneness with the Earth.

answer

deep ecology

question

Extractive reserves involve

answer

preserving part of the rainforest for the continuation of traditional lifestyles.

question

Early critic of rampant economic development and the "invasion of nature by trade."

answer

Ralph Waldo Emerson

question

The fuel cell is the likely future technology that will replace

answer

water

question

Which of the following universities prohibits investment in companies that conduct business with the government of Sudan as part of an environmental investment responsibility policy?

answer

Cornell

question

Founded the field of game management and wrote A Sand County Almanac.

answer

Aldo Leopold

question

Assumes that the human race is the master of nature and that the Earth's resources exist for our benefit.

answer

development ethic

question

Thomas Malthus was an ecologist that declared in his book The Population Time Bomb that worldwide famine was inevitable when human population growth exceeded food production.

answer

False

question

Believed that "wilderness mirrors divinity, nourishes humanity, and vivifies the spirit."

answer

John Muir

question

Personal ethical commitment can

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Environmental Pragmatism is an approach that focuses on ethics rather than policy.

answer

False

question

Biocentrism is also known as

answer

Life-centered environmental ethics.

question

Nature has intrinsic value or inherent worth apart from human appropriation.

answer

preservation ethic

question

Stresses recycling of waste resources rather than discarding them.

answer

industrial ecology

question

Which naturalist stated that only government control could save California sequoia groves?

answer

John Muir

question

What percent of the Earth's water is undrinkable?

answer

99%

question

Which naturalist was fascinated by the countryside around Concord, Massachusetts and wrote of his experiences living close with nature?

answer

Henry David Thoreau

question

Sustainable Development is a term first coined in a U.S. sponsored document called the "Brundtland Report" in 1987.

answer

False

question

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary area of study that deals with all of the following except

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Environmental science is a narrowly defined field of physical and biological sciences.

answer

False

question

Environmental decisions involve economic considerations because often one group of people is receiving income from the resource being used.

answer

True

question

Economic considerations are not involved with environmental decisions.

answer

False

question

The organization of colleges and universities in the United States and Canada that promotes sustainability in higher education is called

answer

AASHE.

question

The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park did not have an impact on the ecosystem.

answer

False

question

Biodiversity is fundamental to human welfare and economic development and plays a critical role in meeting human needs by maintaining the ecological processes upon which our survival depends.

answer

True

question

The scientific community can advise governments but cannot insist that certain policies be adopted.

answer

True

question

Agenda 21 was an agreement by

answer

178 nations for comprehensive sustainable development in 1992.

question

The result of the 1997 Kyoto Summit was an international commitment to

answer

reduce emissions of greenhouses gases.

question

Economics factors should be considered when

answer

making any environmental decisions

question

An area of land in which there is little or no human development is referred to as a

answer

wilderness

question

Some ecosystems have easily recognized boundaries, such as lakes, islands, or floodplains.

answer

True

question

When dealing with environmental regulations, the United States government can

answer

All of these are correct

question

Fertilizers and pesticides do not easily enter the ground water.

answer

False

question

Before 1993, the U.S. Forest Service sold timber-cutting rights

answer

at below cost.

question

An ecosystem is

answer

a group of interactive species and their environment.

question

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was

answer

initiated by the United Nations to assess four broad ecosystem services.

question

UNCED was the former name for the Earth Summit.

answer

True

question

The bioaccumulation of contaminants is greatest in the top predators of an ecosystem.

answer

True

question

The ecosystem approach requires scientists to recognize and understand natural interactions and to integrate this with human needs for natural resources.

answer

True

question

The freshwater resources of the Great Lakes are shared resources of 8 U.S. states and 5 Canadian Provinces.

answer

False

question

ASTM International is

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The general public typically perceives involuntary risks, such as nuclear weapons, a greater risk than voluntary risks, such as smoking.

answer

True

question

Which correctly demonstrates the sequence in which the three major worldwide economic transformations occurred?

answer

industrial revolution > technology revolution > globalization

question

The supply is the amount of goods or service people are willing to sell at a given price.

answer

True

question

Environmental costs are easy to assess, since they can be easily converted into monetary values.

answer

False

question

Gift to private enterprise by government when the enterprise is in economic difficulty

answer

subsidy

question

Risk based corrective action was formed to

answer

protect environmental ecological resources.

question

Classically there are three kinds of resources, which are

answer

labor, capital, and land

question

The use of facts and assumptions to estimate the probability of harm to human health or the environment is called

answer

risk assessment.

question

Decision-making process that uses input such as risk assessment and economic impacts.

answer

risk management

question

In economics, the price rises when demand exceeds supply.

answer

True

question

Economists look at resources as the available supply of something that can be used.

answer

True

question

The Superfund law was passed in 1980 to bring about cleanup of abandoned toxic waste sites.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the green marketing principles?

answer

consumer proof of value

question

A similarity between ecosystems and markets is that they both operate in the same time frame.

answer

False

question

The basic premise behind the "The Tragedy of the Commons" is

answer

a resource becomes overexploited when its ownership is shared.

question

Risk analysis consists of two primary considerations:

answer

risk and cost.

question

Using renewable resources in harmony with ecological systems to produce a rise in real income and improved standard of living.

answer

sustainable development

question

The goal of a deposit-refund program is to

answer

encourage product recycling through the refund of a deposit.

question

More people die from aircraft accidents than from motor vehicle accidents.

answer

False

question

We assign value to natural resources based on our perception of their _____________.

answer

profit margin

question

The concept of "DfE," utilized in the United States by the EPA, is

answer

design for the environment.

question

There is essentially no difference between risk assessment and risk management.

answer

False

question

Which of the following is a market-based instrument?

answer

information programs

question

One concern of the cost-benefit analysis is that it places an economic value on everything.

answer

True

question

ASTM International is similar to ISO since it is a voluntary standard setting organization.

answer

True

question

Risk assessment usually involves a statement regarding the possibility that something could occur.

answer

True

question

Probability is the same as possibility.

answer

False

question

Likelihood that a condition or action will lead to injury, damage, or loss.

answer

risk

question

The debt-for-nature program's main goal is the reduction of debt in many developing countries.

answer

False

question

Which of the following does NOT demonstrate the use of renewable resources?

answer

using underground coal deposits to produce heat and electricity

question

More than 50% of the rivers in North America have been modified by dams, diversions, or other artificial controls.

answer

True

question

Risk is the probability that a condition or action will lead to an injury, damage, or loss.

answer

True

question

Mathematical statement about how likely it is that something will happen.

answer

probability

question

Man has a tendency to misuse or overexploit any resource that is held in common public ownership.

answer

True

question

Environmental risk assessment can include the ASTM International RBCA process as an assessment tool.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sustainable development?

answer

adaptability

question

A market-based instrument is a calculation of the net benefit or total positive impact of an environmental policy.

answer

False

question

Relationship between available supply of a commodity or service and its price.

answer

supply/demand curve

question

In the United States, performance bonds are used

answer

to cover the cost of reclaiming and revegetating mined sites.

question

The general public perceives new technology as a greater risk than familiar technology.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is NOT a pollution cost?

answer

increased health costs

question

Which of the following labels is an example of a legitimate "green" product?

answer

tested as eco-safe and ozone friendly

question

Risk tolerance can be based upon

answer

All of these are correct.

question

What does the price of a product or service reflect?

answer

the demand for and availability of the product

question

When the supply of a commodity exceeds the demand

answer

producers lower their prices.

question

"Matter" is made up of

answer

atoms

question

In a controlled experiment, a single test is performed from which the results are gathered and accepted by the scientific community.

answer

False

question

Scientists usually experiment by collecting data

answer

from as large a sample as possible.

question

Repeatability in an experiment is important because

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Which of the following light sources is the most efficient?

answer

sulfur lamp

question

Which of the following small molecules are converted to form sugar in photosynthesis?

answer

water and carbon dioxide

question

The heat that causes liquid water to evaporate from your skin is called

answer

latent heat.

question

Heat energy that is used to change matter from a solid to liquid or gas.

answer

latent heat

question

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.

answer

isotope

question

The University of Arizona's water chilling and ice storage project functions their air conditioning.

answer

True.

question

Damming water changes its quantity and not its quality.

answer

False

question

The second law of thermodynamics states that whenever energy is converted from one form to another, some of the useful energy is lost.

answer

True

question

Compound with a low number of hydroxyl ions or low pH.

answer

acid

question

An acid is an ionic compound that releases hydroxyl ions.

answer

False

question

Chemistry is extremely important in discussions of environmental problems.

answer

True

question

In the United States, what percentage of energy consumed is in the form of electricity?

answer

36%

question

Flood control measures to drain the Everglades resulted in devastating native plant and animal communities.

answer

True

question

The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan of 2000 would

answer

store water and release it slowly into the system to allow recovery of native species.

question

Matter may be solid, liquid, or gas, depending on the amount of kinetic energy contained by the molecules.

answer

True

question

Some of the steps followed in the scientific method include:

answer

observation, formulate and test a hypothesis, compare results to others and publish.

question

Which of the following is NOT an inorganic household chemical?

answer

vinegar

question

Central region of an atom.

answer

nucleus

question

Chemical bonds are physical attractions between atoms resulting from the interaction of their electrons.

answer

True

question

An ion is the product of photosynthetic reactions in plants.

answer

True

question

The heat that is transferred from a hot object to your hand is known as

answer

sensible heat.

question

The scientific method involves observation, hypothesis testing, critical evaluation of results, and the publishing of findings.

answer

False

question

The energy released as water flows downhill from behind a dam is an example of

answer

kinetic energy.

question

What is the fundamental subunit of matter?

answer

atom

question

The nucleus of an atom contains

answer

protons and neutrons.

question

Reproducibility is an important part of the scientific method and means that

answer

other scientists are able to repeat the experiment and obtain similar results.

question

The position of an element in the Periodic Table tells you

answer

the number and position of the parts of the atom.

question

In order to discern whether or not a product is green you should look for

answer

All of the above are true

question

The scientific method is the process that scientists use to

answer

rigorously test the solutions to new questions.

question

The release of chemical energy from food is analogous to the burning of fossil fuel.

answer

True

question

Compound with a high number of hydroxyl ions or high pH.

answer

base

question

Energy that cannot be used to do useful work is referred to as

answer

entropy

question

Process whereby organisms break down large molecules to obtain energy.

answer

respiration

question

A hybrid vehicle

answer

contains an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.

question

The energy contained by moving objects, such as running water.

answer

kinetic energy

question

In 2002 Iowa became the first state to regulate the use of phosphorus in lawn fertilizer.

answer

True

question

Grazing animals and the grasses they eat have both evolved in response to each other's influence. This process is known as

answer

coevolution.

question

Consumers are organisms that require no organic matter as a source of food.

answer

False

question

Parasite that lives on the outside of its host.

answer

ectoparasite

question

Everything that affects an organism during its lifetime is known as ecology.

answer

False

question

The relationship between frogs and insects is an example of

answer

a predator-prey relationship.

question

Conversion of natural ecosystems to agriculture ecosystems can lead to less carbon stored in soil and large plants such as trees.

answer

True

question

The biotic component of an organism's environment is the non-living or physical factors.

answer

False

question

The use of fertilizers in agriculture has significantly altered several nutrient cycles including

answer

All of these are correct.

question

Series of stages in the flow of nitrogen in ecosystems.

answer

nitrogen cycle

question

This meat eater often gets meat from animals that have died by accident or illness, or were killed by other animals.

answer

scavenger

question

Stage in the flow of energy in an ecosystem.

answer

trophic level

question

Competition between members of the same species.

answer

community

question

Polyploidy is an evolutionary mechanism that may result i

answer

new plant species.

question

Phosphorous is released from rocks by which process?

answer

weathering and erosion

question

Bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into usable plant forms.

answer

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

question

Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?

answer

bison

question

An organism that eats both plants and animals.

answer

omnivore

question

Which of the following is NOT a decomposer?

answer

moss

question

Each step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem is known as a

answer

trophic level.

question

Competition between members of different species.

answer

interspecific competition

question

Charles Darwin developed the idea of natural selection without understanding the gene concept.

answer

True

question

The introduction of which organism is correlated with a major disruption to the food web of the Great Lakes?

answer

zebra mussels

question

The carbon cycle is an example of how materials are cycled through ecosystems.

answer

True

question

The niche of an organism is the result of many years of natural selection.

answer

True

question

Interacting groups of different species in a given area.

answer

community

question

About 20 percent of the energy passing from one trophic level to the next is lost.

answer

False

question

At the highest trophic level, there is less energy and fewer organisms than at the lower levels.

answer

True

question

The chief limiting factor to the success of most trout species is

answer

the dissolved oxygen content in water.

question

In 2001 the IPCC report concluded that increased CO2 from human activity is contributing to climate change.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor?

answer

the climate of the community in which the species mentioned above inhabit

question

Among plants, a condition that results in the number of sets of chromosomes in cells to increase, is called

answer

polyploidy

question

An organism that can manufacture its own food from inorganic substances.

answer

producer

question

Biting insects that transmit parasites are known as

answer

vectors

question

The source of nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle is found in rocks.

answer

False

question

One primary environmental condition that determines the success of an organism.

answer

limiting factor

question

Populations are all organisms of a specific kind that live within a specific geographic region

answer

True

question

Bacteria that convert nitrogen compounds in the soil into nitrogen gas.

answer

denitrifying bacteria

question

Animal that eats plants.

answer

herbivore

question

Which of the following is an example of a detrital food chain?

answer

sewage treatment plan

question

In a mutualistic relationship

answer

both species benefit.

question

The small amount of dissolved oxygen found in warm water is considered a _______ to the success of many fish species.

answer

limiting factor

question

Which of the following organisms is a secondary consumer?

answer

wolf

question

Two organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring are said to be individuals of the same

answer

species.

question

The production of a new species from a previous species is known as mutualism.

answer

False

question

Polyploidy is an evolutionary mechanism that may result in

answer

new plant species.

question

About 50% of photosynthesis activity takes place in fresh water.

answer

False

question

If a species becomes isolated from another for a long time as a result of a barrier, speciation will not occur.

answer

True

question

Charles Darwin is generally credited with

answer

developing the concept of natural selection

question

Phosphate mining on the island of Nauru has contributed to a sequence of changes in the island ecosystem that ultimately reduced the life expectancy of islanders.

answer

True

question

Genetic variation among individuals of the same species enables some of these individuals to have a greater chance of obtaining resources and therefore, producing more offspring.

answer

True

question

Ecologists distinguish two different kinds of competition. One is

answer

Both intraspecific and interspecific are correct.

question

Producers are organisms that are able to use sources of energy to make complex, organic molecules from simple inorganic substances in their environment.

answer

True

question

The flow of carbon from the atmosphere to living organisms and back again.

answer

carbon cycle

question

In an aquatic ecosystem, sedges and grasses are often found in central deeper portions of the waterbody.

answer

False

question

Region with rooted vegetation in a freshwater ecosystem.

answer

littoral zone

question

Organisms in each biome have adapted to the climatic conditions typical of that biome.

answer

True

question

Which biome is characterized by tree frogs, large vines, and fruit-eating birds and bats?

answer

tropical rainforest

question

Ecologists have learned that succession is influenced by many factors other than climate alone including

answer

invasive species, disease, human land use history, and seed dispersal.

question

Biome which receives less than 25 cm of precipitation per year.

answer

desert

question

Seaweed and other attached marine organisms prefer to grow in which of the following regions?

answer

benthic

question

Human impact on temperate forests include

answer

All of these are correct.

question

The unusual forest biome occurring in California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia is called a

answer

temperate rainforest.

question

Muddy shores are often poor in oxygen.

answer

True

question

Coral reefs are cold-water marine ecosystems dominated by tubeworms.

answer

True

question

Which biome is characterized by organisms which are inactive during the day and burrow underground?

answer

desert

question

What is the term used to describe a shallow, partially enclosed area where freshwater enters the ocean?

answer

esturary

question

In a rainforest, most of the sunlight is captured by trees and therefore only

answer

shade-tolerant plants live beneath the canopy.

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of temperate deciduous forests?

answer

They produce useful plant products such as cashew nuts, vanilla, and rubber.

question

The Blue Oak Ranch Reserve in San Jose, California is unique because it has remained undeveloped for its entire history.

answer

True

question

Seasonal flooding of the Amazon can create wetland forests known as

answer

the varzea.

question

Plants in this biome have features to survive long drought even though rainfall totals can be as high as 250 cm in a given month.

answer

tropical dry forest

question

Biome that has a change of seasons and evenly distributed annual precipitation.

answer

deciduous forest

question

Twenty percent of wetlands in the United States have been drained and filled.

answer

True

question

The primary determiners of biomes are the amount and distribution of rainfall and the yearly temperature cycle.

answer

True

question

Biome dominated by grasses and fire- and drought-resistant trees.

answer

savanna

question

Which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

answer

They have fewer types of interactions among organisms.

question

What is the dominant organism colonizing bare rock during primary succession?

answer

lichens

question

Which group of organisms forms the base of the energy pyramid in a pelagic marine ecosystem?

answer

plankton

question

You would find a temperate rainforest along the coasts of all of the following states except

answer

northern New York.

question

Freshwater resources in lakes and rivers account for about 0.02% of the world's water.

answer

True

question

Coral reefs can be altered by fishing and siltation from rivers.

answer

True

question

Which is an example of secondary succession?

answer

a burned field

question

Which of the following is NOT a region in a lake ecosystem?

answer

pelagic zone

question

Recently, biologists discovered a new community of organisms that live in the canopy of tropical rainforests.

answer

True

question

Regional terrestrial climax communities are called eutrophic systems.

answer

False

question

A floating bog is an example of

answer

aquatic primary succession.

question

Each stage in the process of succession is called a

answer

seral stage

question

Early stages of succession that begin the soil-building process.

answer

pioneer community

question

In desert biomes, flowering usually coincides with

answer

moisture availability.

question

Attached organisms in freshwater streams and rivers.

answer

periphyton

question

Primary succession is

answer

a progression that begins with a total lack of organisms.

question

Most temperate deciduous forests have survived without impact from human activity due to their location.

answer

False

question

In addition to northern latitudes, patches of tundra-like plant communities are also found

answer

on mountain tops.

question

The two major factors influencing vegetation in biomes are

answer

precipitation and temperature.

question

Organisms that live on the bottom of marine or freshwater ecosystems.

answer

benthic

question

Shallow warm nutrient-rich lakes are described as

answer

eutrophic

question

Amount of oxygen required to destroy organic molecules in aquatic ecosystems.

answer

biochemical oxygen demand

question

Ecologists have discovered that the process of succession is very predictable.

answer

False

question

Conservation easements can

answer

All of the above are correct.

question

Mediterranean Shrublands (Chaparral) have been heavily impacted by humans because

answer

both they are near the oceans and have a moderate climate

question

Small organism that has a short life span and produces a large number of offspring.

answer

r-strategist

question

Movement of organisms into a different region

answer

immigration

question

Combination of all environmental influences that tend to keep populations stable

answer

environmental resistance

question

Age distribution and sex ratio have little impact on population growth.

answer

False

question

Populations of r-strategists will be most affected by

answer

density-dependent factors.

question

On a population growth curve, the _____________________ phase results in the same percentage increase each year.

answer

exponential growth

question

Which condition is necessary for a population to grow?

answer

Birthrate must exceed death rate

question

Movement out of an area that was once one's place of residence.

answer

emigration

question

Inherent reproductive capacity.

answer

biotic potential

question

One of the targets of The United Nations Millennium Development Goals is to decrease the proportion of people lacking access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by

answer

50%

question

Which of the following is the correct sequence of phases in a typical population growth curve?

answer

lag, exponential, stable equilibrium

question

A measure of the land area required to provide the resources and absorb the wastes of a population is referred to as the

answer

ecological footprint.

question

K-strategists typically are small and short-lived organisms.

answer

False

question

Since 1925, China has had a series of family planning programs aimed at reducing the number of births in their country.

answer

False

question

Which organism was introduced into the Great Lakes and has expanded its range to the Mississippi River?

answer

zebra mussel

question

The scientific study of human populations, their characteristics, how these characteristics effect growth and the consequences of that growth is known as demography.

answer

True

question

Phase in a population growth pattern in which the death rate and birthrate become equal.

answer

stable equilibrium phase

question

As a result of the ban on international trade of elephant products,

answer

the elephant population has exploded.

question

The current (2004) human population is about

answer

6.4 billion.

question

Optimum number of individuals of a species that can be supported in an area over an extended period of time.

answer

carrying capacity

question

Which of the following limiting factors is NOT a component of environmental resistance?

answer

organismal biotic potential

question

The ecological footprint of Japan is estimated to be 5 times larger than its locally available resources.

answer

True

question

Oysters produce a million eggs of which only a few find suitable habitat to live. They are said to be

answer

r-strategists.

question

Available raw materials are one of the limiting factors regulating carrying capacity.

answer

True

question

The factors that prevent unlimited population growth are known as limiting factors.

answer

True

question

All the different limiting factors that act upon a population are collectively known as environmental resistance.

answer

True

question

A population is a group of different species that inhabit a specific area.

answer

False

question

K-strategists are

answer

large and long-lived and controlled by density-dependent factors.

question

The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker is an endangered species primarily due to

answer

commercial logging of mature pine trees which are required for nesting.

question

The introduction of genetic and cultural characteristics into an existing population is called emigration.

answer

False

question

In the real world, many organisms don't "fit" clearly into either the r-strategist or K-strategist category for

answer

population reproductive strategies.

question

Measure of how close organisms are to one another.

answer

population density

question

Combination of all environmental influences that tend to keep populations stable.

answer

environmental resistance

question

Natality measures the number of individuals that die in a population over a period of time.

answer

False

question

Migration of organisms from a concentrated population into areas with lower population densities.

answer

dispersal

question

When a population stops growing and its size no longer fluctuates, it is said to

answer

be at stable equilibrium.

question

Period of population growth when the population increases at an ever-increasing rate.

answer

exponential growth phase

question

The rate of human population growth has led to political unrest in response to unequal access to resources.

answer

True

question

Population growth is determined by the combined effects of birthrate and death rate.

answer

True

question

Deer invest a great deal of energy in a few offspring that have a good chance of living to reproduce. They are said to be

answer

K-strategists.

question

Ecologists refer to the maximum sustainable population for an area as

answer

carrying capacity.

question

The sex ratio of a population is a way of stating the relative number of males and females.

answer

True

question

The human population growth curve is currently in which phase?

answer

exponential growth

question

Comparative percentages of different age groups within a population.

answer

age distribution

question

Which phase of a population growth curve is characterized by very slow growth due to reproduction and offspring growth?

answer

lag phase

question

Which of the following countries has the lowest population growth rate?

answer

Sweden

question

Large organism that has a long life span and produces few offspring.

answer

K-strategist

Ecology and Environmental Science Mid-Term – Flashcards

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