Essentials of Abnormal Psychology, chapter 11 – Flashcards
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personality disorder
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An enduring maladaptive pattern for relating to the environment and self, exhibited in a range of contexts that cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress.
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cluster A personality disorders
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Odd or eccentric personality disorders that resemble some of the psychotic symptoms seen in schizophrenia; includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.
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ideas of reference
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Mistaken beliefs that meaningless events relate just to them that is often seen in people with paranoid or schizotypal personality disorders.
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paranoid personality disorder
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A cluster A, odd or eccentric, personality disorder involving a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent.
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schizoid personality disorder
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A cluster A, odd or eccentric, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.
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schizotypal personality disorder
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A cluster A, odd or eccentric, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with reduced capacity for close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.
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cluster B personality disorders
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Dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders; includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorder.
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antisocial personality disorder
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A cluster B, dramatic, emotional, or erratic, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others; DSM-5 emphsizes personality traits while earlier versions emphasized overt behaviors.
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psychopathy
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Earlier DSM diagnosis similar to antisocial personality disorder with less emphasis on overt behavior; indicators include superficial charm, lack of remorse, and other personality characteristics.
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conduct disorder
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Separate DSM-5 diagnosis similar to antisocial personality disorder for children who engage in behaviors that violate society's norms; subtypes include childhood-onset, adolescent-onset, and with a callous-unemotional presentation.
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endophenotype
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Underlying aspects of a disorder that might be more directly influenced by genes.
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borderline personality disorder
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A cluster B, dramatic, emotional, or erratic, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and control over impulses; more common among women.
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dialectical behavior therapy
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A treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client to stressors in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and cope with stressors that might trigger suicidal behavior.
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histrionic personality disorder
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A cluster B, dramatic, emotional, or erratic, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of excessive emotion and attention seeking; more common among women possibly due to gender bias.
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narcissistic personality disorder
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A cluster B, dramatic, emotional, or erratic, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or behavior, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
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cluster C personality disorders
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Anxious or fearful personality disorders; includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
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avoidant personality disorder
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A cluster C, anxious or fearful, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism.
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dependent personality disorder
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A cluster C, anxious or fearful, personality disorder involving a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation; more common among women.
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obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
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A cluster C, anxious or fearful, personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.
