Throughout the ages, the Egyptian Pyramids and the Sphinx have stood as evidence of a once-great civilization that has faded away over time. However, beyond their walls lies a realm filled with unanswered questions and enigmas. These mysteries have sparked numerous theories based on observations and inscriptions discovered on the walls of the Pyramids. One particularly intriguing puzzle involves deciphering the purpose behind constructing these majestic structures. Two main theories strive to provide an explanation for this phenomenon. The initial theory posits that ancient Egyptians built them as tombs for their illustrious kings, while the second theory proposes that a highly advanced civilization erected these edifices with intentions far more significant than serving solely as burial sites for deceased rulers.
According to an ancient Egyptian proverb, the Pyramids instill fear even in time itself. They ar
...e the sole surviving Wonders from antiquity and their immense magnitude left renowned individuals such as Herodotus, Napoleon, and Alexander the Great in awe of their grandeur. The term "pyramid" has uncertain origins and does not derive from any earthly language (Russel & Sellier 1994).
The dominant belief is that the Pyramids were erected by the Egyptian people roughly 4500 years ago to serve as tombs for their deceased kings. King Khufu, in particular, built the Great Pyramid for his own burial. Prior to Khufu's time, pyramid construction was a longstanding tradition among ancient Egyptians, beginning with smaller structures known as Mastabas (a word of Arabic origin meaning a bench). These Mastabas functioned as burial places for the king and his personal possessions. (Ashmawy 1995) (Cottrell 1956).
The construction of grand structures in ancient Egypt was driven by their complex religious beliefs
particularly those related to the afterlife. The Egyptians built the Pyramids not only as symbols but also as protective tombs for their mummified kings. They believed that if the body remained intact, the soul would remain connected to it (Wallbank p26), although not as a source of life but rather as a reluctant guardian unwilling to leave its former dwelling (Moffet p22).
Upon entering the Great Pyramid, scholars made a remarkable discovery - the king's body was missing, suggesting that it had been stolen. This pattern of empty pyramids extended to smaller ones as well. Pyramidologists theorized that these vacant pyramids could have served as tombs for previous pharaohs. It is worth noting that more than seventy pyramids in Egypt have been unearthed with mummified bodies of deceased kings (Russel & Sellier).
According to the scientists, the Pyramids were built using a popular theory. It suggests that the limestones used were quarried from the Mokkatam Hills on the opposite side of the river and transported across in barges during flood time. Herodotus adds that as each layer of stone blocks was laid, an earth ramp was constructed by gathering earth and stones covered with water. This ramp would gradually lengthen as the work progressed, allowing the blocks to be dragged up. Herodotus also mentions that the construction was completed in twenty years by a hundred thousand workers.
However, some archaeologists question whether it is possible for the old pharaonic civilization tools to have built a structure as massive as the Pyramids. These towering monuments reach a height of 450 feet with a base of 755 feet and consist of 22 acres of stone blocks, each weighing an average
of 2.5 tons. This group believes that the Pyramids served a purpose more significant than being merely a pharaoh's tomb, suggesting that they were not constructed with the "Quasi stone-aged technology of 2900 BC."
In the eighth century DC, the Islamic Caliph Al Ma'moun believed that the Great Pyramid held valuable treasures and knowledge. He attempted to enter, but unable to find an entrance, he resorted to tunneling into the pyramid from the north side. After months of digging, he encountered massive granite blocks obstructing his path. Eventually, he discovered a passage leading to the king's room, only to find it empty (Jensen & York). This discovery led scientists to speculate that the pyramid was never looted as there were no contents to steal. Considering the circumstances, it seems highly unlikely that thieves could have accessed the pyramid during nighttime, unless there is still an undiscovered entrance.
Furthermore, civil engineers have concluded that the Great Pyramid possesses a structure that is unparalleled worldwide, making it "impossible to duplicate nowadays". Architect Gregory Pyros, who is a member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA), argues that buildings of this magnitude typically sink gradually into the ground at a fixed rate. As an example, he mentions that the U.S. Capitol has settled 5 inches over the course of 200 years. However, the Great Pyramid has settled for less than 1.5 inches in the span of 4500 years (Russel ; Sellier 1994).
Both architects and geologists, as well as mathematicians, were astonished by the remarkable properties of the Great Pyramid. Surprisingly, its location on the earth precisely aligns at 31 degrees east, 30 degrees north, which is considered the midpoint of
the earth (Pahl 1998). Constructing such a structure would have necessitated understanding the earth's structure, longitude, latitude, and even astronomy – all knowledge that did not exist during ancient Egyptian times (Russel & Sellier 1994) (Pahl 1998).
After the hieroglyph was discovered by French scientist Champollion, scientists were able to read all the written texts left by the Egyptians. Surprisingly, they found no texts, pictures, or drawings that described the process of building the Pyramids (Kemp 1989)(Russel ; Sellier 1994)(Cottrell 1956).
In addition, a group of scientists proposes a connection between the Giza monuments and a site on Mars, which could provide an explanation for the construction of these massive structures. Following the spacecraft Viking's filming of the Cedonian location on Mars, archaeologists redirected their research towards the red planet and its findings. Within the Cedonian location, they discovered a humanoid face-like structure measuring 450 meters in height and over one mile in length. Additionally, there were geometrically displaced pyramidal structures that could only have been created by an intelligent civilization. The remarkable discovery was the correlation between the Martian face and the Sphinx after thorough analysis and comparison. The positioning of the pyramidal structures, particularly the D;N pyramid, also perfectly aligned with those found on Earth (Bauval & Hancock, 1996; Russel & Sellier, 1994). Further confirmation of these recent revelations is anticipated with future missions set to capture photographs of the Cedonian location.
Therefore, the assessment of the more persuasive theory depends on the logical and realistic evidence presented by both parties. In upcoming times, only NASA possesses the capability to unveil the connection between Giza monuments and Cedonian ones. Presently, educational institutions instruct children that the
Pyramids serve as burial sites for pharaohs, with the Great Pyramid being identified as King Khufu's tomb. This widely accepted belief is yet to be substantiated.
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