Chemistry Exam – Flashcards
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Name all the prefixes in the metric system in increasing order. |
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Mili, Centi, Deci, Deca, Hecto, Kilo |
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Scientific Notation |
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A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. |
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Density Formula |
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Density= Mass divided by volume |
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List the physical properties of a substance. |
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-Color -Smell -Brittle -Density -Melting Point -Boiling Point |
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List chemical properties of a substance: |
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-Flammability -Rusting -PH -Reactivity with acid |
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What is a homogeneous mixture? |
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Appears the same throughout |
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Give examples of homogeneous mixtures: |
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Water, air, milk, steel |
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What is a heterogeneous mixture? |
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Does not look the same throughout. |
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Name some examples of a heterogeneous mixture |
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Cereal, oil and water, Sand |
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How would you separate homogeneous mixture like alcohol and water? |
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Distilation |
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How can you separate a compound and a mixture? |
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By chemical means |
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What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? |
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Compound Cannot be easily separated |
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How do you write a chemical symbol? |
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The first letter is capitalized. |
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List the steps to separate a mixture of water, salt, and iron filings. |
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1)Use magnet to remove iron 2)Boil water, collect salt crystals |
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3 Phases of Matter |
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-Solid -Liquid -Gas |
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Which phase takes the shape of its container and has a definate volume? Which has its own shape? |
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Liquid takes the shape of its caontainer, solid has its own shape. |
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Give 2 examples of a chemical change. |
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-Rust -Burning |
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Give 2 examples of a physical change. |
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-Break -Crack |
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Law of Conservation of Matter |
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Matter can't be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed |
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Law of Conservation of Energy state |
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Energy is never created or destroyed only converted. |
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Atom |
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The basic unit of a chemical element |
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Who named the atom? |
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Democrates |
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Element |
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A substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means, defined by the number of protons they possess. |
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Nucleus |
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The positively charged central core of an atom, containing most of its mass. |
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Proton |
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A stable subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge equal to an electron. |
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Neutron |
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A subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge. |
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Electron |
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A stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity |
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Ion |
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An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. |
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Isotope |
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Element that contains equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
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Valance Electrons |
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An electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules. |
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Orbital Diagrams |
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Diagrams used to show how the orbitals of a subshell are occupied by electrons |
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Ground State |
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The lowest energy state of an atom or other particle. |
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Excited State |
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A state of a physical system that is higher in energy than the ground state. |
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What is the atomic number equal to? |
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The number of protons. |
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What is the atomic mass or mass number equal to? |
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The number of electrons. |
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What particle changes in an atom with an increase in atomic number? |
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The number of protons. |
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How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom? |
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Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass. |
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What must happen to change an atom from an atom into an ion? |
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It must be oxidized. |
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What particle changes in an atom to make it an isotope? |
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The number of neutrons changes. |
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Why are atomic masses written in decimal form on the periodic table? |
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They are the average of all masses. |
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Explain the steps to the flame test and how light was created in the flame test. |
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Different chemicals created different colors of light. |
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How do electrons move up and down energy levels? |
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They get into an excited state and jump levels. |
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Periodic Law |
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The principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. |
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Periodic Table |
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A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number. |
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Metal |
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A solid material that is typically hard, and shiny with good electrical and thermal conductivity. |
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Nonmetal |
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Chemical elements that form negative ions, have acidic oxides, and are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity |
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Metalloid |
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An element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals |
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Ionization Energy |
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The energy required to remove an electron from an ion. |
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What is a period on the Periodic Table and how many are there? |
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Horizontal rows in the Periodic Table. There are seven. |
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How does the size of an atom vary as you go across a period? |
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The atomic radius decreases |
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How does the Ionization energy vary as you go across a period? |
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It increases. |
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What is a family or group on the Periodic Table? |
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The vertical columns on the Periodic Table. |
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What happens to the size of atoms as you go down a family? |
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It increases. |
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What happens to the ionization energy as you go down a family? |
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It decreases. |
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Why are valence electrons so important? |
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Tells how an element will react. |
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What are the characteristics of metals? |
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Good conductors of electricity and heat, shiny, lose electrons, high melting point. |
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What are the characteristics of a nonmetal? |
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Not good conductors, not shiny |
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Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table? |
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The top right of the table. |
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What are the 7 metalloids, and where are they located? |
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Boron-Family 13 Carbon-Family 14 Nitrogen-Family 15 Oxygen-Family 16 Fluorine-Family 17 |
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Ionic Bond |
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A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion |
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Covalent Bonding |
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A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule. |
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Octet Rule |
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States that elements in the second row of the periodic table cannot have more than eight valence electrons around them them, whether as non-bonding electrons or in chemical bonds. |
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What kinds of elements make up an ionic bond? |
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Nonmetals and Metals |
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What is happening in a covalent bond? |
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Electrons are shared |
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What types of elements are bonded together in a covalent bond? |
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All nonmetals. |
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How do you determine what a charge on an atom will be? |
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When does an atom gain electrons and when does it lose electrons? |
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Alkane |
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Chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds |
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Alkene |
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Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one double bond. |
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Alkyl groups |
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Chemical compounds that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms and are bonded exclusively by single bonds |
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Organic Chemistry |
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The study of the thousands of carbon, containing the compounds. |
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Alkyne |
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Hydrocarbons with a triple bond. |
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Name the first 10 prefixes used for carbon compounds. |
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Mono, Di Tri, Tetra, Penta, Hexa, Hepta, Octa, Nona, Deca. |
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When do you use the endings -ene and -yne? |
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-ene One double, 2 singles -yne One double, 2 triples |
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Lewis Dot Structure |
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shows the bonding between atoms of a molecule. |
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Electronegativity |
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The tendency of an atom or to attract electrons to itself. |
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Atomic Radius |
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Distance from the nucleus of the atom to the outermost level. |