Chapter 2 – Chemistry – Flashcards

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What is molar mass?
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The number of grams in one mole of an element.
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What is molar mas numerically equal to?
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The atomic mass of the element.
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How is the molar mass written?
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g/mole
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What is a mole defined as being?
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6.02 x 10 ^23
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What is Avogadro's Number?
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The number of atoms present in 1 mole of atoms.
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What is the number of Avogadro's Number?
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6.02 x 10 ^23
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What effect do protons have on electrons?
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They take energy away from electrons.
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What is true about electrons closer to the nucleus?
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They have lower energy the closer they are to the nucleus.
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What do electrons do because they have energy?
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They are constantly moving in the electron cloud.
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What is the reason we can only have a certain number of electrons in an energy level?
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The repulsion between negative electrons.
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What is true about the energy of electrons in similar energy levels?
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Electrons in the same energy level possess similar energies.
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What energy levels do electrons occupy first?
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The lowest; closest to the nucleus.
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How do you tell the number of element's valence electrons?
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Their group number if they are part of the group A elements.
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What is the valence shell?
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The highest energy level containing electrons is known as the valence shell.
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What are valence electrons?
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The electrons found in the outer most energy level; the valence shell.
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What is responsible for chemical reactivity in elements?
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The valence electrons.
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What do valence electrons cause?
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Chemical reactivity.
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Element 1
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H; Hydrogen, group 1A
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Element 2
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He; Helium. group 8A
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Element 3
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Li; Lithium, group 1A
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Element 4
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Be; Beryllium, group 2A
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Element 5
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B; Boron, group 3A
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Element 6
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C; Carbon, group 4A
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Element 7
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N; Nitrogen, group 5A
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Element 8
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O; Oxygen, group 6A
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Element 9
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F; Fluorine, group 7A
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Element 10
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Ne; Neon, group 8A
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Element 11
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Na; Sodium, group 1A
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Element 12
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Mg; Magnesium, group 2A
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Element 13
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Al; Aluminium, group 3A
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Element 14
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Si; Silicon, group 4A
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Element 15
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P; Phosphorous; group 5A
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Element 16
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S; Sulfur; group 6A
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Element 17
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Cl; Chlorine; group 7A
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Element 18
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Ar; Argon; group 8A
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Element 19
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K; Potassium; group 1A
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Element 20
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Ca; Calcium; group 2A
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Which group is the Alkali metals?
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Group 1A
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What is group 1A?
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The Alkali metals
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Which group is the Alkaline earth metals?
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Group 2A
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What is group 2A?
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The Alkaline earth metals
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What is group 7A?
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The Halogens
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What is group 8A?
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The Noble gases
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Which group is the Halogens?
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Group 7A
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Which group is the Noble gases?
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Group 8A
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What does period number represent?
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The outermost energy level that contains valence electrons.
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How do you find out the outermost energy level?
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Period number.
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What is the smallest thing to give the properties of an element?
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An atom.
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What does an atom give the the properties of?
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An element.
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What are the different properties of matter?
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Physical and chemical properties.
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What is a physical change?
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A change in form or otherwise, but no change in actual composition of the substance or element.
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What is a chemical change?
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A change in the composition, changing one substance into another.
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What is density?
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The mass of a substance per unit volume. (mass is always grams)
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Represent density in a formula.
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D = m/v
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What are the different volumes for states of matter?
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Gas = 1 L; Liquid = 1mL; Solid = cm^3 or mL
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What is amu relative to?
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Carbon-12 atom
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What are compounds?
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Two or more elements chemically combined.
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What do chemical formulas identify?
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The type and number of atoms of each of the elements in a compound.
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What is the atomic mass unit?
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The amu is a unit used to identify the mass of an atom.
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How much does a proton weight?
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1 amu.
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How much does a neutron weight?
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1 amu.
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What is mass number?
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Number of protons + number of neutrons.
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What is symbolic notation
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Used to represent an atom's atomic symbol, mass number, and atomic number. Mass number on top, atomic number on bottom.
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What element can be found in combination with other elements in virtually all living substances?
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Carbon.
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What are subatomic particles?
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The small parts that organize to form atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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What are the small parts that organize to form atoms: proton, neutrons, and electrons?
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Subatomic particles.
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What is the relative mass of an electron?
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0.0005
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What is the relative mass of a proton?
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1
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What is the relative mass of a neutron?
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1
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What is an atomic mass unit (amu)?
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The small unit of mass used to quantify the mass of very small particles.
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What is the small unit of amss used to quantify the mass of very small particles?
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The atomic mass unit (amu)
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What is 1 amu equal to?
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1/12 of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons.
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What are isotopes?
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Atoms that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.
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What are atoms that have the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons?
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Isotopes.
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