Chapter 6, Analyzing the Audience – Flashcards
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_____ is keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.
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audience-centeredness
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Obama's speech points up an important fact: Good public speakers are _______
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audience-centered
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The primary purpose of a speech is to gain a _________ from listeners.
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desired response
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List questions you need to keep in mind to be audience-centered.
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a. To whom am I speaking? b. What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? c. What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?
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Effective speakers seek to create a ____ with their listeners by emphasizing ______ and ______. Communication scholars call this process ___________.
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a. bond b. common values c. experience d. identification
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Think in advance about your listener's _____, ______, ____, ______.
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a. background b. interests c. their level of knowledge regarding the speech topic d. their attitude regarding your stance on the topic.
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The best classroom speeches are those that take the _______ audience as _______ as a lawyer, politician, a minister, or an advertiser takes an audience.
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a. classroom b. seriously
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At the least you show _____ for your listeners.
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respect
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At the most you could make a real difference in their ______.
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lives
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Any topic that you handle conscientiously can influence your listeners - can enrich their experience, broaden their knowledge, perhaps change their views about something important.
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True
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_______ is the tendency of people to be concerned above all with with their own values, beliefs, and well-being
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egocentrism
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The speaker must make the audience choose to pay ______
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attention
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Every speech contains _____ messages - the one ____ by the speaker and the one ________ by the listener.
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a. two b. sent c. received
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What a speaker says is filtered through a listener's ________
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a. frame of reference
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______ is a sum of listener's needs, interests, expectations, knowledge and experience.
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frame of reference
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Because of frame of reference, we _____ and ______ to speeches not as they are , but as ____
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a. listen b. respond c. we are
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People hear what they want to ______ and they ______ the rest.
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a. hear b. disregard
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People want to hear things that are ______ to them.
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meaningful
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People are ________
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egocentric
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egocentric
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thinking only of oneself, without regard for the feelings or desires of others; self-centered.
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They pay closest attention to ______ that affect their ____ values, beliefs, and well-being.
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a. messages b. own
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Listeners approach speeches with one question uppermost in mind
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Why is this important to me?
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One of the ways speakers _______audiences is by looking at ________ traits such as age; gender; religion; sexual orientation; group membership; racial; ethnic, or cultural background; and the like. This is called ______
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a. analyze b. demographic c. demographic audience analysis
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Demographic audience analysis consists of two steps:
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a. identifying the general demographic features b. guaging the importance of those features to a particular speaking situation.
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_______ involves creating an ______ image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are _____.
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a. Stereotyping b. oversimplified c. alike
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Examples of stereotyping :
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a. All African Americans are athletic or that b. All Asians excel in science.
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Always combine ________ audience analysis with _________ audience analysis.
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a. demographic b. situational
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List major demographic factors you should consider:
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a. age b. gender c. religion d. sexual orientation e. racial, ethnic, and cultural background f. group membership
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Whenever you speak on a topic with _______, be sure to consider the _______ of your listeners. Doing so can help you avoid potentially _______ pitfalls.
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a. religious dimension b. religious orientations c. embarrassing
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____ as well as ______
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a. partners b. spouses
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Other demographic factors:
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a. occupation b. economic position c. social standing d. education e. intelligence f. place of residence
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Classroom speech :
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a. academic majors b. years in school c. extracurricular activities d. living arrangements e. job aspirations
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The most important thing to keep in mind about demographic audience analysis is that it is not _____
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an end in itself
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Your aim is not just to list the ____ of your listeners, but to find in those traits _____ about how your listeners will ______ to your speech. Once you have done that you are ready to move on to the next stage of audience analysis.
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a. major traits b. clues c. respond
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__________ audience analysis builds on _____ analysis
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a. Situational b. Demographic
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___________ analysis identifies traits of the audience unique to the speaking situation at hand. These traits include ____ of the audience, the _____ setting, and the _______ of the audience toward the subject, the speaker, and the occasion.
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a. Situational b. size c. physical d. disposition
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The ______ the audience the more _____ your presentation must be.
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a. larger b. formal
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_______ audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker , and the occasion.
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Situational
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Don't be influenced ______ by the poor physical setting.
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yourself
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If your audiences see that you are ____, ___, and ______ with your topic, chances are they will forget their discomfort and come right along with you.
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a. energetic b. alert c. involved
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Disposition/mentality towards the topic:
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a. interest b. knowledge c. attitude
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List ways to generate interest about a topic among audienec
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a. use arresting introduction b. proactive supporting materials c. vivid language d. dynamic delivery e. visual aids, and so forth.
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If your listeners know _____ about your topic - whether or not they find it interesting - you will have to talk at _____ level. If they are reasonably _______, you can take a ______ and ____
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a. little b. elementary c. well informed d. more technical e. detailed approach
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______ is a frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.
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attitude
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When you are invited to speak, the ______ will usually say how much time you have for your talk.
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chairperson
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Three major types of questions to choose from when developing an audience-analysis questionnaire are:
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a. fixed-audience questions b. scale questions c. open-ended questions
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_____ questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives.
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fixed-alternative questions
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______ questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answer
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scale questions
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______ questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.
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open-ended questions
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Things to keep in mind when you are creating a questionnaire:
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a. plan the questionnaire carefully to elicit precisely the information you need. b. use all three types of questions- fixed-alternative, scale, and open-ended. c. make sure the questions are clear and unambiguous d. keep the questionnaire relatively brief.
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There are two major stages in the process of audience adaptation. The first occurs ____ the speech, as part of your speech ______ and rehearsal. The second occurs _____ the presentation of the speech itself.
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a. before b. preparation c. during
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You must keep your ______ in mind at _____ stage of speech preparation.
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a. audience b. every
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Keeping in mind means. 1) ______ how your audience is likely to respond to what you say in your speech, and 2) ______ what you say to make it clear, appropriate, and convincing as possible.
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a. accessing b. adjusting
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At every point you must ______ how your audience will respond.
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anticipate
