Ch. 14-The Brain and Cranial Nerves – Flashcards
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The brain and spinal cord develop from ________ arranged in a tubular structure called the neural tube
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Ectoderm
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This gives rise to the midbrain and aqueduct of the midbrain
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Mesencephalon
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Which is NOT considered a major part of the brain?
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Cauda equina
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This consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
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Brain stem
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This consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
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Diencephalon
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Which of the following has two layers?
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Cranial dura mater
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This separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
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Flax cerebri
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The adult brain represents only ________ of the total body weight
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2%
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This protects the brain by preventing passage of harmful substances and pathogens
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Blood brain barrier
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Cerebrospinal fluid carries chemicals from the ________ to neurons
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Blood
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Which is located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?
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Lateral ventricle
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This is a narrow cavity along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.
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Third ventricle
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Which of the following is a way that cerebral spinal fluid contributes to homeostasis?
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Mechanical and chemical protection
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These are networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles
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Choroid plexuses
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These are fingerlike projections that reabsorb CSF
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Arachnoid villus
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This is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends through the brain, maintaining consciousness
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Reticular formation
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This structure is responsible for somatic (startle) reflexes in response to loud sounds
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Midbrain
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This structure is responsible for secondary control of respiration
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Pons
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Pyramids are
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White matter extensions on the medulla
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Medulla nuclei are
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Masses of gray matter
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Where is the inferior olivary nucleus found?
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Olive
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Where can you find the medial lemniscus?
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Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
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Which nuclei are found in the pons?
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Pontine nuclei, apneustic area, pneumotaxic area
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This area contains neurons that release dopamine
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Substantia nigra
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This helps maintain consciouness
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Reticular activating system
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This portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance
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Flocculonodular lobe
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The folia are
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Ridges of gray matter
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This portion of the cerebellum carries sensory information from proprioceptors throughout the body
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Inferior cerebellar peduncles
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This is the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the brain stem and the spinal cord
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Thalamus
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Which of the following is not a major nuclei found in the thalamus?
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Superior nuclei
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Which of the following is NOT controlled by the hypothalamus?
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Blood calcium
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Which of the following glands is directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus?
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Pituitary
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Where is the pineal gland found?
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Epithalamus
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Gyri are made because
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The gray matter grows faster than the white matter
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Which structure conducts nerve impulses between gyri in different hemispheres of the cerebrum?
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Corpus callosum
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Together the leniform and caudate nuclei are known as
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Corpus striatum
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This portion of the limbic system lies between the hippocampus and the parahippocampus gyrus
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Dentate gyrus
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Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature?
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Primary somatosensory area
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Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision
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Primary visual area
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Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements the body
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Primary frontal area
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Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for speech
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Broca's area
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Which of the following cranial nerves carries sensory information to the olfactory area?
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Cranial nerve 1
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Which nerves move the eyeball?
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Cranial nerve III, IV, and VI
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Cranial nerve V is also known as the ________ nerve
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Trigeminal
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for regulation visceral activity?
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Vagus
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression?
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Facial
