question

The ___________ was a spiritual revival that swept across Europe during the 16th century

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Reformation

question

a movement that wanted to reform the Catholic Church

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Christian Humanism

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-best known Christian humanist -wrote The Praise of Folly -used satire to point out the abuses in the Church

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Erasmus

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Catholic Church was corrupt and was not meeting the spiritual needs of the people

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Need for Reform

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a document sold by the Church that released the buyer from all or part of the punishment for sin

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indulgence

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worshipping or collecting a relic could earn ___________

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indulgences

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-realized there was no amount of good works could justify a sinner before God. -realized justification was by faith alone. --his "justification by faith alone" became the rallying cry of the Protestant movement

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Martin Luther

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Verse that Martin Luther based his belief that no amount of good works could justify a sinner before God. States that Salvation is by faith alone.

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Romans 1:17

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__________ _________ breaks with the Church over the sale of Indulgences

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Martin Luther

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____________ needed money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. To raise money, he introduced the sale of indulgences.

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Pope Leo X

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___________ worked on the theory that the saints did more good works then was necessary to get them to heaven.

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1. Indulgences

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During the sale of indulgences by the Catholic church, all these extra good works "sales" were collected in a type of bank called the _________ __ ________.

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Treasury of Merits

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During the sale of indulgences by the Catholic church, the popes became the _________.

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"treasurer"

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On October 31, 1517 Martin Luther nailed his ________ ______ _______ on the church door.

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Ninety-five Theses

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Church where Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-five Theses to the door:

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Castle Church; Wittenberg Germany

question

_________ _________ wrote 95 statements concerning the sale of Indulgences that became a symbol of _________ ________ _____ _______ and hypocrisy of Rome.

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1. Martin Luther 2.defiance against the corruption

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*Luther's Ninety-five Theses would begin the ___________ ______________.*

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Protestant Reformation

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The church sought to discredit Luther by challenging him to a debate with __________ _________, one of their scholars. This was known as the _________ _________.

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1. Johann Eck 2. Leipzig Debate

question

Religious practices of the Catholic Church

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sacraments

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Martin Luther said that all believers are a priesthood of believers which means:

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you are your own priest

question

Martin Luther is excommunicated from the Catholic Church and the _______ ______ ________ declared that he was an outlaw within the empire.

answer

Edict of Worms

question

After Martin Luther was excommunicated, his writings were to be burned and he was supposed to captured, however, ____________ protected Luther by hiding him.

answer

Frederick III

question

Martin Luther's doctrine became known as _______________, the first Protestant faith.

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Lutheranism

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German peasants revolted against their lords and looked for support from Martin Luther. However, Luther sided with the lords because he believed they were called by God to help keep the peace. German lords defeated the peasants. This was called:

answer

Peasants War

question

Religious leaders saw the Reformation as a challenge to the ____________ ________. The leaders also saw the Reformation as a force that disrupted the _________ ____ ________ _________.

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1. church power 2. political and social order

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German states supported Martin Luther and Lutheranism. Charles V wanted to keep his territories of under Catholic Church. German Lutherans had become well-organized so Charles could not defeat them - so, to keep the peace, a division of Christianity (Catholic and Lutheran) was agreed upon between the two territories called __________ ____ _______.

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Peace of Augsburg

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This agreement ended the religious warfare and allowed the German states to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism:

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Peace of Augsburg

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1. Translation of the Bible 2. Augsburg Confession (written by Philip Melanchthon as a confession of faith and set forth the doctrines of Luther) 3. The Peace of Augsburg

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Reasons for the spread of

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written by Philip Melanchthon as a confession of faith and set forth the doctrines of Martin Luther

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Augsburg Confession

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He wrote the Augsburg Confession as a confession of faith and this writing set forth the doctrines of Martin Luther.

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Philip Melanchthon

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____________ _________ was the leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.

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Ulrich Zwingli

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the most famous Protestant reformer after Martin Luther

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John Calvin

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He wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion which set forth Christian doctrine in a systematic outline.

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John Calvin

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He believed in predestination which is the belief that God has already selected people to be saved and others to be damned.

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John Calvin

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The leader of the reformation in Scotland was ________ ________.

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John Knox

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The Lutheran Reformation flourished in Scotland even though had a _________ __________.

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Catholic queen

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-not liked by the people -her son James would become king of England -forced to abdicate (give up) her thrown -executed for treason (betrayal)

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Mary Queen of Scots/Mary Stuart (during Reformation)

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English Reformation was influenced by two factors

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1. the publication of the English translation of the Bible 2. the involvement of the English rulers (the Tudor family)

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-King that breaks with the Roman Catholic Church. -called the "Defender of the Faith" -wanted a divorce -the church would not grant him a divorce -he appointed a new archbishop, Thomas Cranmer, who granted him a divorce

answer

Henry VIII

question

King who was known as "Defender of the Faith"

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Henry VIII

question

Henry VIII had Parliament pass the ______ ___ __________ which made Henry the head of the church in England and marked the official break from Rome

answer

Act of Supremacy

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-the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour -required the Book of Common Prayer by Thomas Cranmer to be used in churches. -issued the Forty-Two articles (a statement of faith) -set forth the Protestant doctrines justification by faith and the only authority of the Bible

answer

Edward VI

question

statement of faith under Edward VI which set forth the Protestant doctrines justification by faith and the sole (only) authority of the Bible

answer

Forty-Two articles

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Book written by Thomas Cranmer and used in churches in England during Reformation.

answer

Book of Common Prayer

question

He wrote the book, Book of Common Prayer, that was used in churches in England during the Reformation.

answer

Thomas Cranmer

question

Queen of England who was raised Catholic and replaced King Edward VI in England during the Reformation. She was not nice. Really mean.

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Queen Mary I

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Queen of England during Reformation who persecuted Protestants and killed over 300 leaders. She earned the nickname "________ _______"

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1. Queen Mary 2. "Bloody Mary"

question

-Queen who restored order in England -she attempted to settle England's religious problems through compromise -the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn -her nickname was "_________ _______." She was nice.

answer

1. Queen Elizabeth 2. "Good Queen Bess"

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Queen ____________ introduced the ___________ _____________ which laid the foundation for the Church of England (also known as the Anglican church). This agreement held onto to Protestant doctrines/beliefs, but kept many of the Catholic rituals

answer

1. Elizabeth 2. Elizabethan Compromise

question

two groups that would come out of the Church of England

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1. Separatists: wanted to separate from the church 2. Puritans: wanted to purify the church

question

This king of Spain: -wanted to conquer England -married "Bloody Mary" --plotted to kill Elizabeth and have her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots, made Queen. -He was a bad dude

answer

Philip II

question

King Philip II, King of Spain, decided to invade England. However, in 1588, England defeated the __________ _________. These two Englishmen, _____ _______ _______ and ________ ________ led the way, They were nicknamed the "Seadogs"

answer

1. Spanish Armada 2. Sir Francis Drake and Francis Hawkins

question

What year did King Philip II (bad dude), King of Spain lead the Spanish armada and try to invade England? (Spain lost)

answer

1588

question

Two Englishmen known as "Sea Dogs" who helped England defeat King Philip II and the Spanish Armada?

answer

Sir Francis Drake and Francis Hawkins

question

the defeat of the Spanish Armada by England was significant in two ways:

answer

1. kept Catholicism from entering England 2. brought about the decline in Spain

question

This group of radical believers: 1. Strongly apposed giving any power to the state. Wanted separation of church and state government. 2. Believed the true Christian church was a voluntary community of believers. 3. Opposed infant baptism, but believed in rebaptisms

answer

Anabaptists

question

During the Reformation in France, the French Protestants who were fiercely persecuted were called __________.

answer

Huguenots

question

During the Reformation in France, ordered by Catherine de Medici (Queen of France), an estimated 20,000 Huguenots were killed in about 3 days. This was called ___________ ________ ___________.

answer

St Bartholomew's Day Massacre

question

Catholic Queen of France who ordered the killing of 20,000 Huguenots during St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre.

answer

Catherine de Medici

question

In society, the Protestant Reformation had a big effect on the development of _________ in Europe. Martin Luther believed all children should have this provided by the state.

answer

education

question

Martin Luther married and had 6 kids. Protestantism encouraged _________.

answer

marriage

question

For the ________, if they did not convert they were persecuted and forced to live in ghettos, a district in a city where the _______ were required to live.

answer

Jews

question

segregated areas of the city where Jews were required to live.

answer

ghettos

question

After Lutheranism became well-established in Germany, and Calvinism became well-established in Switzerland, France, and the Netherlands, the Catholic church became concerned when large numbers of people began to leave the church. In the 16th century, the Catholic church attempted to regain strength in England. This attempt became known as the __________ ________, also often called the Counter-Reformation (the prefix counter means "to oppose")

answer

Catholic Reformation

question

What were the three KEY ELEMENTS of the Catholic Reformation? Why were these so important to the Catholic Church in the 17th Century?

answer

1. establishment of Jesuits who were loyal to the pope 2. reform of the papacy (Catholic church) to rid the church of corruption. 3. The Council of Trent, group of church leaders who met and reaffirmed the church's teachings It was important because it helped the Catholic Church to RE-ORGANIZE and REGAIN STRENGTH after Martin Luther's reformation had caused it to split.

question

New religious group that vowed to obey the pope, -founded by Ignatius of Loyola, -were instrumental in promoting the Counter Reformation. -Believed it was all right to do wrong in order to accomplish something good. - "end justifies the means" -Used education to spread Catholicism

answer

The Jesuits (Society of Jesus)

question

Founder of the Jesuits (Society of Jesus), a religious group loyal to the pope

answer

Ignatius of Loyola

question

The Catholic Church re-instituted the __________ to stop people from leaving the church. They used torture to get confessions.

answer

inquisition

question

The _______ ___ __________ ______ was established to keep people from reading certain books. The church realized the impact the printed word (books) was having on the Reformation. There were 48 versions of the Bible on the list.

answer

Index of Prohibited Books

question

Group of Catholic leaders who met to decide on important issues: 1. They condemned many of the biblical principles upon which Protestantism is based on. 2. They upheld the Catholic teachings (doctrinal position) of the Church. 3. They ended the sale of indulgences and upheld the seven sacraments 3. They sealed the break between Protestant and Catholic Churches

answer

Council of Trent

question

How did Erasmus and Christian humanism pave the way for the Protestant Reformation in Europe?

answer

Because Erasmus and the Christian Humanism movement was pointing out and writing about the abuses in the Catholic Church which led people to believe it was time for reform.

question

What role did Martin Luther and his ideas play in the Reformation?

answer

1. He clarified the path to salvation (not good works but faith alone) 2. He wrote Ninety Five Thesis which lots of people read. 3. He got support from leaders in society.

question

How were the goals of Charles and the Holy Roman Empire at odds with the desires of Lutheran princes?

answer

Because Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, believed Luther's reformation would disrupt political and social order because religion and politics were run the same, so Charles believed religion should stay one- only Catholic.

question

What caused the Protestant Reformation in England, and what resulted from it?

answer

1. The English translation of the Bible 2. Politics- because King Henry VIII wanted a divorce and the Catholic church would not allow it. So he passed Act of Supremacy which split him from the Catholic church and made him head of Church of England (Protestant)

question

What beliefs did the Anabaptists have that alarmed the other Protestants and Catholics?

answer

1. Anabaptists believed in total separation of church and state (government) 2. Anabaptists believed church was a VOLUNTARY community 3. Anabaptists did NOT believe in infant baptism

World History – Chapter 16 – The Reformation in Europe – Flashcards

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