question

A natural resource is defined by three elements:

answer

cultural values, technology and economic system.

question

Renewable energy sources include all of the following EXCEPT ________ power

answer

nuclear

question

Which of the following is important in stabilizing resource prices and limiting problems caused by resource scarcity?

answer

substitutability

question

A group of countries that agree to control the market by limiting production in order to drive up prices is

answer

a cartel.

question

OPEC

answer

is a cartel of oil-producing countries.

question

The world's most important energy resource today is

answer

petroleum

question

For electric generation in the United States, the main energy resource is

answer

coal

question

Russia is the leading producer of

answer

natural gas.

question

Mineral resources are evenly distributed throughout the world.

answer

False

question

North America and Europe account for nearly three-fourths of the world's

answer

energy consumption.

question

Photovoltaic electric production

answer

is a direct conversion of solar energy to electricity, such as in solar-powered calculators.

question

Which country relies on nuclear energy for approximately 20 percent of its electricity?

answer

the United States

question

The leading consumer and polluter of water in the United States is

answer

agriculture.

question

Most of the solid waste generated in the United States is deposited in landfills

answer

True

question

Recycling has become so important in the United States that 80 to 85 percent of all municipal wastes are recycled.

answer

False

question

Smog, the product of NOX, sunlight, and ________, is created by chemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere

answer

hydrocarbons

question

Nitrogen oxides (NOX) and ________ combine with water and fall to Earth as acid rain.

answer

sulfur dioxides

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The worst air pollution problems in the world are in the developed countries.

answer

False

question

Sustained yield management for forests is more prevalent in developing countries than in developed countries.

answer

False

question

About half the world's forests are protected from cutting.

answer

False

question

Population Geography is

answer

the distribution of humankind across our planet

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Which of the following is one of the three major population concentrations mentioned in the chapter?

answer

East Asia

question

Population densities tend to be higher

answer

in areas of fertile soil

question

"Arithmetic Density" is determined by

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the number of people per unit area

question

The increase in world population is now slowing down.

answer

True

question

The region that is projected to have the highest population increase for 2014 is

answer

Sub-Saharan Africa.

question

The most popular form of birth control in poor countries is sterilization.

answer

True

question

Of all communicable diseases, the one currently that causes the most deaths worldwide is

answer

respiratory infections.

question

Thomas Malthus

answer

predicted a grim view of the future due to overpopulation

question

The problems associated with rapidly aging populations are today

answer

primarily restricted to the rich countries of the world

question

Human movements are a result of

answer

push and pull factors.

question

The largest migration field is from

answer

Mexico to the United States

question

Brain drain occurs when universities become unaffordably expensive

answer

False

question

Replacement migration is used to

answer

admit newcomers with useful skills.

question

Amenity migration is driven by two types of migrants, the wealthy and the retired

answer

True

question

One of the laws of migration is

answer

the more distant the destination, the fewer the benefits and the higher the cost.

question

Even though many Europeans emigrated during its demographic transition, many European countries now

answer

discourage immigration, even from their former colonies.

question

Almost all Asian countries today have net emigration, meaning they have more people immigrate to their country than those that leave.

answer

False

question

Of all the world's richest countries, ________ limits immigration most strictly

answer

Japan

question

Since the birth rate in the United States is low, immigration is currently responsible for about ________ of the country's population growth.

answer

one-third

question

Culture is

answer

learned behavior.

question

The process where aspects of culture move from their area of innovation to other areas is called

answer

diffusion.

question

Humankind has adapted itself to varying conditions through the evolution of

answer

culture and technology.

question

Environmental determinism

answer

is the belief that human cultures can be explained as a result of the physical environment.

question

A sub-culture group

answer

shares a part of the mainstream culture but also a bundle of culture traits of its own.

question

Ethnocentrism is the term given to the act of

answer

judging other cultures by the standards and practices of one's own culture.

question

Biological characteristics are used to divide people into ________; however science has shown there is less than 1% genetic difference among humans.

answer

races

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Gender roles

answer

vary across cultures and even within complex societies.

question

The subfield of geography that studies our perceptions of the world and how it influences our behavior is known as

answer

behavioral geography.

question

Humans make decisions on how they will act in the real world based on

answer

how they perceive the world.

question

Group identities can help determine which groups of people have a connection with; however, it can also produce incorrect assumptions better known as

answer

stereotyping

question

The belief that one ________ has inherent superiority over another has played a major role in defining human relations over the past 500 years and is known as ________.

answer

race; racism

question

Public monuments and statuary often reflect important people and events within a culture and

answer

may change as the culture changes.

question

The substitution of one set of cultural traditions for another, either by force or by degrading those who fail to acculturate and by rewarding those who do, is called

answer

cultural imperialism.

question

In countries with limited natural resources, such as Switzerland, the impact of trade

answer

can provide goods and services causing an increase in wealth in the country.

question

________ takes place more rapidly today because of a decrease in cost and time to move ideas, objects and people.

answer

Diffusion

question

The major reason European countries engaged in building large empires was to

answer

protect their commercial investments in foreign lands and to control the markets.

question

Cultural preservation is the effort to

answer

document, repopularize and rejuvenate traditional cultures.

question

Technology was developed within the 1800s that allowed information to move between places faster than ever before. These inventions included the

answer

telegraph and the telephone.

question

The annihilation of space with ________ can convey information almost instantaneously around the globe.

answer

electronic networks

question

The way any language is spoken and written according to formal rules of diction and grammar is called a(n)

answer

standard language.

question

The predominant world lingua franca is

answer

English

question

The language with the most native speakers in the world is

answer

Mandarin Chinese.

question

American English contains terms adopted from Native American languages as well as African languages.

answer

True

question

The principal official languages of Africa are often those of the continent's former European rulers.

answer

True

question

"Philological nationalism" is the idea that "mother tongues" have given birth to nations.

answer

True

question

Dialects of languages usually diverge more in the way they are spoken than in the way they are written.

answer

True

question

Any isolated group of people develops a language of its own over time.

answer

True

question

Languages that are related by descent from a common protolanguage make up a

answer

Language family

question

The family of languages known as the Indo-European family contains languages spoken by approximately ________ of the world population.

answer

50%

question

The languages that do not use written alphabets are used in

answer

China and Japan.

question

The global spread of English is primarily the result of

answer

colonization by the British Empire.

question

Official policies and social attitudes may target ________ as potentially disloyal or dangerous to the rest of the nation.

answer

minority language speakers

question

In polyglot states,

answer

states grant legal equality to more than one language.

question

In the United States, Spanish-speakers make up approximately what portion of non-English-speakers?

answer

60 percent

question

In the context of religion, the strictest adherence to traditional beliefs is called

answer

fundamentalism.

question

The first great monotheistic religion was

answer

Judaism

question

Zionism is the belief that the Jews should have a homeland of their own in

answer

Palestine

question

The Christian Church in Western Europe was split in the 15th and 16th centuries as a result of the

answer

Protestant Reformation.

question

The largest single Christian denomination in the world today is

answer

Roman Catholicism.

question

Universalizing religions are those that

answer

spread through proselytization.

question

Many governments have designated ________ that is the official religion of the country.

answer

an established church

question

The Five Pillars of Islam include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

polygamy

question

The leading Muslim countries in the world today in terms of numbers are

answer

Indonesia and Pakistan.

question

About 85 percent of Muslims worldwide today are of the Sunni sect.

answer

True

question

All three major monotheistic religious—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—proselytize.

answer

False

question

Shinto is the ancient religion native to

answer

Japan

question

The sacred scriptures of Buddhism are in a collection called Vedas.

answer

False

question

Hindus believe in reincarnation—the individual's rebirth after death.

answer

True

question

In Hinduism, the ultimate goal is:

answer

to escape the cycle of birth and rebirth

question

Confucianism, based on the teachings of K'ung Fu-tzu, governed much of China's political and moral culture for 2000 years.

answer

True

question

Hinduism classifies people in hierarchy of castes.

answer

True

question

Sikhism is an offshoot of Hinduism based on the teachings of Guru Nanak, who tried to reconcile Hinduism and Islam.

answer

True

question

Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto, all Eastern systems of belief, focus on behavior rather than on belief in a set of philosophical or theological arguments.

answer

True

question

Because religious conversion is a deliberate repudiation of much of what came before, it can destroy a people's earlier culture more completely than political conquest.

answer

True

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