government exam 2 multiple choice – Flashcards
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How many amendments constitute the Bill of Rights?
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1-10
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________ are areas of personal freedom with which governments are constrained from interfering.
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civil liberties
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The process by which the Supreme Court justices have expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state and federal actions is called ________.
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selective incorporation
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in Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971), the Supreme Court justices ruled that government action toward religion is
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permissible only if it is secular in purpose
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Where is the idea of church-state separation found in the Constitution?
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establishment clause
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How did the Supreme Court decide in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943)?
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children cannot be required to salute the flag if it violates faith
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Freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in American democracy because
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free and open debate is essential for competing ideas
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The first and most famous test for determining when the government could intervene to suppress political speech was called the ________.
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clear and present danger test
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In Buckley v. Valeo (1976), the Supreme Court justices articulated the principle that
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spending by a candidate for office is protected speech
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Which type of speech receives the greatest level of First Amendment protection?
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political speech that stops short of insighting violence
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Why was New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) significant?
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proved it almost impossible to win a libel against a newspaper for a malicious story
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What is the standard for determining guilt in criminal cases?
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beyond a reasonable doubt
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The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth amendments are largely about
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protection of those accused of committing crimes
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A woman's constitutional right to an abortion was established in ________.
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roe vs wade
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What does the term Jim Crow mean?
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the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction
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The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees
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voting rights for African americans
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What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?
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abolished slavery
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In 1890, ________ became the first state to allow women to vote.
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wyoming
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________ was the setting for a major racial confrontation concerning school busing in the 1970s.
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boston
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What was the objective of school busing?
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desegregation by sending poorer kids to the rich schools
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In a case of workplace discrimination, which government institution would most likely handle the complaint?
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equal employment opportunity commission
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What was the legal path to women's suffrage?
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states first, eventually constitutional
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What best explains the increased attention the federal government paid to the problem of racial discrimination during the 1940s?
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fight against nazis challenged white supremacy
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What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
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segregated schools cannot be equal
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What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
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it was not weak...
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The attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment was an important struggle for ________.
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women
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What was California's Proposition 187?
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It barred unauthorized immigrants from receiving most public services.
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In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court justices
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struck down state law against homosexual conduct
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The term public opinion is used to describe
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people's beliefs and attitudes toward different issues.
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A political ideology is best defined as
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a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government.
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Which of the following terms describe America's fundamental political values?
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liberty, equality of opportunity, democracy
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The fact that Americans strongly support the idea that governmental interference with individuals' lives and property should be kept to a minimum illustrates their commitment to ________.
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liberty
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________ is the most important core value of liberalism.
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equality
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________ is the core political value most highly prioritized by American conservatives.
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liberty
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What is a major difference between those who have gone to college and those who have not?
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higher level of political participation of college ppl
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What is not an illustration of the gender gap?
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men are more likely to join political parties and other social organizations
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________ promoted his policy agenda to the American people through "fireside chats."
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franklin roosevelts
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Know from a list which statement is true about the news media?
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private groups play important roles in shaping opinions in the marketplace of ideas, public opinion
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Pollsters use random digit dialing to gather national samples for surveys because
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to avoid bias in the construction of the sample.
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political socialization
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the induction of individuals into the political culture, learning the underlying belief and values on which the political system is based.
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prior restraint
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censorship, forbidden under the courts except in the most extrordinary circumstance
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social desirability effect
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survey responders report good behavior that will be favored by others
