Exam 1: Betty Neuman’s Theory – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What are the two main themes (concepts) of Neuman's Theory?
answer
-Stress -Reaction to Stress
question
What are the 4 components of Neuman's Theory?
answer
1. Client and 5 Variables 2. Health 3. Nursing and Levels of Intervention 4. Environment and Stressors
question
What is a Client?
answer
A system comprised of 5 interacting variables
question
What are the 5 variables that make up a client?
answer
1. Physiological 2. Psychological 3. Spiritual 4. Sociocultural 5. Developmental
question
Physiological
answer
body structure and function
question
Psychological
answer
mental processes and relationships
question
Spiritual
answer
spiritual beliefs/ influences, essence of life
question
Sociocultural
answer
combined social and cultural functions
question
Developmental
answer
life age related processes and activities
question
What are the basic structural components of a client for survival?
answer
1. Normal Temp. Range 2. Genetic Structure 3. Response Pattern 4. Organ Strength 5. Weakness 6. Ego Structure 7. Knows or Commonalities
question
What is Health?
answer
Optimal system stability or state of wellness at a given time. (Dynamic and on a continuum.
question
System needs are fully met when there's...
answer
~wellness ~stability ~negentrophy
question
System needs are not fully met when there's...
answer
~illness/ death ~instability ~entrophy
question
What is Nursing?
answer
The major concern is to help patient to attain, maintain and retain system stability
question
What are the levels of prevention?
answer
-Primary -Secondary -Tertiary
question
Primary Prevention
answer
(Retain) -Risk Prevention -Occurs before system reacts to the stressor ~Focus on strengthening the flexible line of defense ~Includes health promotion and maintenance of wellness
question
Secondary Prevention
answer
(Attain) -Facilitate return to wellness -Occurs after system reacts to stressor -Focus on strengthening the internal line of defense -Includes all activities to help a person reconstitute
question
Tertiary Prevention
answer
(Maintain) -Regain or return to wellness state -Occur after the system has been reconstituted -Focus on maintaining wellness or protect client by supporting existing strength (lines of resistance/defense) -Includes rehab and health promotion
question
What is environment?
answer
All internal and external factors or influences that surround the client or client system
question
Effects of stressors depends on what?
answer
-Strength -# -Clients ability to protect against it
question
Internal Environment Stressors (one type)
answer
Intrapersonal: Events within the client that threaten the system stability.
question
External Environment Stressors (two types)
answer
Interpersonal: Events that are outside the client but in close proximity that threatens the system stability. Extrapersonal: Events that are outside the clients but at a distance that threatens the system stability.
question
What are the Lines of Resistance?
answer
-Processes which become activated when the normal lines of defense are invaded by environmental stressors. Help maintain stable state in system. Death may occur if ineffective.
question
What are the Lines of Defense? (two types)
answer
Normal Lines of Defense -processes and structures that maintain system stability -activated when a stressor invades the flexible line of defense. Flexible Lines of Defense -processes and structures that are first in line to protect the client system -used to help maintain normal state and improve state of wellness -dynamic and may be altered by inadequate nutrition, lack of sleep, hormones and degree of comfort -Thought of as buffer or cushion -Accordion like
