question

A patient is beginning cholestyramine therapy. The nurse instructs the patient to observe for and report bleeding gums, bruising, or dark tarry stools that can be caused by which potential effect of cholestyramine?

answer

Deficiency of vitamin K

question

A lipid profile, liver function tests, uric acid, and blood glucose levels must be assessed before a patient is started on which type of antilipemic therapy?

answer

Niacin

question

Which question must be answered before a 40 year old woman can begin statin therapy?

answer

Are you pregnant?

question

Which instruction does the nurse give to a patient beginning lovastatin (Mevacor) therapy?

answer

Do not drink grapefruit juice.

question

A patient taking a statin reports muscle aches and soreness. What about this symptom concerns the nurse?

answer

Muscle aches and soreness may be early signs of myopathy.

question

A patient is taking warfarin (Coumadin) and cholestyramine. How does the nurse instruct this patient to take the medications?

answer

Take warfarin 1 hour before or 4 hours after taking cholestyramine.

question

What supplemental vitamins may be required for patients taking bile acid-sequestering resins?

answer

Fat soluble vitamins

question

Which instruction does the nurse include when teaching a patient with hyperlipidemia about how to take the powdered form of cholestyramine?

answer

Mix the powder with 2 to 6 ounces of water or juice.

question

What does a patient taking colesevelam do to relieve constipation and bloating?

answer

Increases fluid and fiber intake

question

Which medication has the greatest effect on increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels?

answer

Gemfibrozil (Lopid

question

A patient has been prescribed ezetimibe (Zetia) for management of hyperlipidemia. The nurse instructs the patient to monitor for which adverse effect?

answer

Abdominal pain

question

The nurse is instructing a patient about management of hyperlipidemia. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?

answer

"It is important to increase how much exercise I get."

question

Which medication has received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for reducing blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) in adult patients with type 2 diabetes?

answer

Cholestyramine

question

Which type of over the counter preparation does the nurse teach patients who are taking antihypertensive drugs to avoid?

answer

Decongestants

question

A patient with hypertension for whom a diuretic is ordered asks the nurse how a "kidney pill" can help blood pressure. The basis for the nurse's response is that diuretics lower blood pressure by doing what?

answer

Decreasing circulatory volume and dilating peripheral arterioles

question

A patient is starting on an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Which assessment does the nurse include in the patient's care plan?

answer

Close observation after the initial dose until blood pressure stabilizes in 2 to 3 hours

question

What is the advantage of beta adrenergic blocking agents over other antihypertensive medications?

answer

They cause minimal orthostatic or exercise hypotension

question

Which antihypertensive medication is more effective in African Americans and older adult patients?

answer

Calcium channel blockers

question

Which adverse effect of ACE inhibitors is more common in women than men?

answer

Cough

question

A patient with a history of diabetes mellitus is prescribed aliskiren (Tekturna) for treatment of hypertension. The nurse plans to monitor the patient for which electrolyte imbalance?

answer

Hyperkalemia

question

A patient is prescribed eplerenone (Inspra) for treatment of hypertension. The nurse instructs the patient to avoid taking this drug with which kind of juice?

answer

Grapefruit

question

A patient has been prescribed amlodipine (Norvasc) for treatment of hypertension. The nurse contacts the prescriber after discovering that the patient is also taking which drug?

answer

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

question

A patient with hypertension has suffered a heart attack. Which agent does the nurse anticipate will be ordered by the health care provider?

answer

Beta adrenergic blocker

question

A patient who is in hypertensive crisis is ordered nitroprusside sodium (Nitropress). By which route does the nurse administer this drug?

answer

Intravenous

question

What are the preferred drug categories used to treat hypertension?

answer

Diuretics, Beta adrenergic blockers

question

Which antihypertensive agents fall into the adjunctive category?

answer

Central acting alpha 2 agonists, Peripheral acting adrenergic antagonists, Direct vasodilators

question

What are appropriate behavior modifications a patient can implement to help control hypertension?

answer

Weight reduction diet, Smoking cessation, Increased exercise, Stress reduction

question

A patient who is being treated for ascites resulting from liver disease is admitted. Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for this patient?

answer

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

question

When planning the administration of ethacrynic acid (Edecrin), which factor must the nurse consider?

answer

During IV administration, narrowed pulse pressure must be reported.

question

What is an advantage of using ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) over furosemide (Lasix) in patients with significant renal failure?

answer

Ethacrynic acid inhibits the reabsorption of sodium to a greater degree than furosemide.

question

What does the nurse suggest to a patient taking diuretics to decrease the effects of dry mouth?

answer

Suck on hard candy or ice chips.

question

For which adverse effects does the nurse monitor in a patient taking bumetanide (Bumex) and an aminoglycoside?

answer

Hearing loss

question

What concerns the nurse about a patient taking a nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) concurrently with a diuretic?

answer

Increased potential for ototoxicity

question

The nurse teaches a patient taking a potassium sparing diuretic to avoid ingesting which item?

answer

Salt substitute

question

A patient is ordered IV furosemide (Lasix). The nurse administers this drug over how many minutes?

answer

2 to 4

question

A patient is prescribed amiloride (Midamor). The nurse monitors the patient for which adverse effect?

answer

Hyperkalemia

question

For what therapeutic effect does the nurse assess in a patient taking acetazolamide (Diamox)?

answer

Decreased intraocular pressure

question

The nurse administering IV furosemide (Lasix) to a patient anticipates that diuresis will occur in how many minutes?

answer

5 to 10

question

Which nursing orders are found in the care plan for a patient receiving furosemide (Lasix)?

answer

Suck on hard candy or ice to prevent dry mouth. Monitor for signs of hypokalemia. Rise slowly from a sitting or supine position.

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