The Importance of Cloning Entire Organisms Essay Example

As the process continues, the donor nucleus is fused with the ooplast for effective embryo development. After this, the embryo is implanted in the uterus of the surrogate, which then completes the entire cycle. After the gestation period is over the clone baby is delivered just like any other offspring. Cloning has managed to gain interest from a number of diverse fields, but the most significant use of clones is to upgrade the quality of the rest of the particular herd. Clones are usually brought up when desirable characteristics of particular animals need to be replicated. There are a number of desirable characteristics that may influence a farmer to clone animals and these include disease resistance, suitability to climate, fertility, body type, and market value. The process of cloning is a scientific one, which involves the copying of genetic traits from one living thing to another, to produce replicas. The process is very expensive and the clones are often not raised for meat.

In the agricultural sector, identical copies of organisms are common, and many valuable strains of horticultural products often deviate from the original plant. In many instances, natural cloning occurs in the formation of identical twins. The ability to clone human beings through cell nuclear transfer techniques has raises moral issues worldwide. The prospect of human cloning is not foreseeable in the near future. Cloning can be viewed as somatic cell nuclear transfer, meaning that the cell of the adult animal is extracted from the cell and inserted into an egg cell from another animal. The egg cell nucleus is then disposed off and it goes ahead to read and duplicate the DNA of

the donor cell (Gurdon,2015).After the process occurs, the embryo is blasted with electricity and starts multiplying until it become a combination of cells formed after fertilization of the egg. The resulting clone will then be an exact replica of the donor. The process consists of the use of adult cells as compared to embryos. Plants too can be cloned and the process involves taking a cutting from the branch, cutting it off and using the plant hormones to help new roots to develop. The cutting is then covered in a bag and kept moist and warm. After a few weeks, the new root begins to develop and the new plant then emerges.

Another method of cloning involves the use of tissue culture and this involves use of tiny pieces of the plant. Agar jellies as well as plant hormones containing many nutrients are necessary though this makes tissue culture more expensive and difficult. There are continuing debates concerning the viability as well as the ethics of human cloning and it is necessary to distinguish various cloning types.Therapetic cloning consists of the cloning of an individual with the intention of procuring tissue from the clone to serve a therapeutic function in another person (Murashige&Huang, 2014).Reproductive cloning consists of attempting to create an entirely new person to satisfy reproductive desires of particular people or certain individuals. Embryo splitting is a process where the fertilized ova are allowed to replicate and split therefore producing a number of zygotes. There is much concern regarding the thought of human cloning and there are a number of people who disagree with the viability of such endeavours. There are increasing protests concerning the

prospect of human cloning, as people believe that it is morally wrong. It is necessary to understand that cloning involves the isolation of pieces of DNA from the host organism and the propagation of the same in another host. In Vitro, fertilization involves amplifying a particular DNA segment, which has been developed.

The cloning of molecules ensures the proper understanding concerning the structure and function of genes and other DNA.It provides a method for purifying a large quantity of specific DNA for analysis. Molecular cloning involves the selection of a data source containing the particular sequence of interest. It also involves the preparation of DNA of appropriate characteristics to properly join the cloning vector. It furthermore involves selecting a cloning vector and preparing it for cloning so the insertion of foreign DNA to the vector does not reduce its capacity to independently replicate (Wilmut&Dominko, 2012).It furthermore consists of the modification of DNA to be cloned to make it compatible with the particular recipient. In vitro fertilization consists of the joining of molecules to from DNA molecules. Furthermore, the introduction of DNA molecules results into viable hosts replicating the vector from which the DNA was prepared. The collection of the recombinant vectors will result in the identification of the particular cloned DNA sequence as well as the confirmation of identity of the selected clones in different ways.

Though there are a huge number of technological advantages associated with cloning, many people continue to show skepticism towards cloning. However, the science of cloning continues to undergo intensive research. There are a number of areas of immediate interest where cloning is concerned, and one such area is the technological aspect

of cloning in reference to asexual reproduction (McLaren,2012).The study of the importance and use of therapeutic cloning is another area that continues to undergo study. Another area of study is genetic determinism, which consists of the study of behavioral genetics and its implication in the society. Cloning is a controversial issue that raises much debate, but in reality, it is a necessary technological advancement, which has much potential. It is therefore necessary to continue researching on this scientific development to ensure that developments are made to the scientific branch with the hope of creating advancements in all fields of life.

References

1. Gurdon, J. (2015). Reproductive Cloning: Past, Present, and Future. Reproductive Biomedicine Online, 10, 43-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483 (10)62204-3
2. McLaren, A. (2012). Cloning Pathways to a Pluripotent Future. Science, 288(5472), 1775-1780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5472.1775
3. Murashige, T. & Huang, L. (2014). Cloning Plants by Tissue Culture: Early Years, Status, and Future Prospects. Acta Hortic., (212), 35-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.212.1
4. Roleff, T. (2013). Cloning. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press.
5. Saadeldin, I. (2015). Cloning and its Applications. Cloning & Transgenesis, 04(01). http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2168-9849.1000e118
6. Wilmut, I. & Dominko, T. (2012). Government Encouragement for Therapeutic Cloning. Cloning, 2(2), 53-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/152045500436069