WWI - Flashcard | StudyHippo.com

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What was the cause of territorial conflict, diplomatic disagreements, and economic rivalries between nations in Europe?

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tension from growing nationalism

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Rising nationalism led to conflict over Alsace-Lorraine between France and

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Germany.

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The map shows territories held by countries in 1914. Which two countries held the most territory in 1914?

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United Kingdom and Russia

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The most important reason militarism contributed to growing tensions in Europe was because

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countries were less likely to use diplomacy to solve conflict.

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A(n) __________ is when one country increases its army because others did.

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arms race

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Which area of Europe was fought over because its iron and coal deposits were important to industrialization?

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Alsace-Lorraine

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By 1914, imperialism had fed into European tensions because of

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the high number of European countries competing for colonies all over the world.

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In the early 1800s, European countries competed for colonies in

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Africa

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What did nations do to increase the size of their armies?

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They created conscription programs.

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The map shows territories held by countries in 1914. Which imperial nation appears to have the most dominance in Africa?

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France

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The map shows territories held by countries in 1914. According the map, which country was the biggest threat to European nations in 1914?

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Russia

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Which country resented the number of French and British colonial holdings?

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Germany

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The chart shows armed forces in Europe in 1914. Which nation would most likely have the biggest advantage during a European war, and why?

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Germany, because most of the fighting would be on land and they had the largest army.

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In the 1900s, an arms race occurred when which two countries began to compete over the size of their navies?

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Germany and Great Britain

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Central and Eastern Europe experienced ethnic tensions in the early 1900s primarily because

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many ethnic groups wanted their own nation-states.

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How did the alliance system in Europe most likely contribute to the start of World War I?

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The countries in the alliances signed treaties agreeing to defend each other in times of war.

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When did Great Britain enter World War I?

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after Germany invaded Belgium in order to attack France

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Which is the correct order of countries that joined World War I following Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia?

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1st: Russia 2nd: Germany 3rd: France 4th: Great Britain

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What countries comprised the Triple Alliance?

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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

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What did Austria-Hungary do in 1908 that increased pre-war tensions in Europe?

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It annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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The graphic organizer shows the balance of power created by the alliance system in Europe prior to World War I. Which factor most affected the balance of power and led to the start of World War I?

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Ethnic unrest in the Balkans and Ottoman Empire caused conflict between the alliances.

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Why did Germany's attempt to isolate France through the Triple Alliance fail?

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France countered by creating the Triple Entente.

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Why were the Balkans called the "powder keg" of Europe?

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many of the Balkans' countries had nationalist independence movements

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Why did the breakup of the Ottoman Empire disrupt the balance of power in Europe?

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Ethnic groups began to gain independence.

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Why did Germany declare war on Russia?

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Germany felt threatened by Russia's mobilization of troops.

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What did the Schlieffen Plan call for Germany to do?

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quickly attack France, then turn back toward Russia before Russia could send troops to Germany

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand supported Austria-Hungary's growth and dominance in the region.

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Balkan

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What countries comprised the Triple Entente?

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France, Great Britain, Russia

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In the early 1900s, what trend emerged concerning chemical weapons?

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Chemical weapons became deadly, as did other aspects of warfare.

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A member of the military who is severely injured or killed during warfare is known as a

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casualty

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Where was Gallipoli located?

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in the Ottoman Empire

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Both Germany and the Allies used airplanes primarily for reconnaissance, which means

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"to gain information."

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Read the excerpt about the effects of poison gas. Like some liquid the heavy-coloured vapour poured relentlessly into the trenches, filled them, and passed on. For a few seconds nothing happened; the sweet-smelling stuff merely tickled their nostrils; they failed to realize the danger. Then, with inconceivable rapidity, the gas worked, and blind panic spread. —British eyewitness on the western front, 1915 According to the excerpt, how did the poison gas work to kill the soldiers?

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quickly and effectively

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What was an unintended effect of the sinking of the Lusitania?

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Nations turned against Germany because of German tactics that caused the deaths of innocent travelers.

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What was the outcome of the Gallipoli campaign?

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The Allies retreated after losing many soldiers.

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What did Germany's Schlieffen Plan call for?

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a two-front war on the eastern and western borders of Germany

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A ____ is a contest in which neither side can win or gain an advantage

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stalemate

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At the start of the war, which countries were on the side of the Central Powers? Check all that apply.

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Ottoman Empire Austria-Hungary Italy

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How did the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Somme symbolize modern war's destructiveness?

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Both battles caused many deaths but achieved very little or no progress for either side.

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What best describes the way in which German colonies became involved in the war?

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They had no say in whether they would fight in the war or for which side they would fight.

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How did Russia surprise Germany early in the war?

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by mobilizing with great speed and invading Prussia

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Trench warfare began after Germany failed in its initial plan to

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seize France and bring a quick end to the war.

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What did Germany's Schlieffen Plan call for?

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a two-front war on the eastern and western borders of Germany

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A member of the military who is severely injured or killed during warfare is known as a

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casualty

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How did soldiers adapt to the use of chemical weapons?

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They began to wear protective masks and clothing.

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Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned. . . . The United States must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days that are to try men's souls. The passage is from President Woodrow Wilson's Declaration of Neutrality in 1914. How did this speech affect US involvement in World War I?

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It caused the US to remain isolated and neutral.

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How did the United States respond when German U-boats sank the Lusitania?

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by remaining neutral after Germany agreed to limit submarine warfare

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Which events in 1917 caused the United States to enter World War I? Check all that apply.

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Britain intercepted the Zimmerman Telegram. Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare

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The Russian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of the tsar and the

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formation of a communist government.

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In 1914, President Wilson signaled the United States' policy of isolationism by issuing a Declaration of

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Neutrality

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To end its participation in World War I, Russia negotiated the_____ peace agreement.

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Brest-Litovsk

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Which best explains the connection between ethnic diversity in the United States and support for neutrality during World War I?

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People in the United States came from many European countries and going to war could affect their homelands.

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Which best explains how the Russian Revolution altered the balance of power during World War I?

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Russia's new government exited the war, making it easier for the Central Powers to focus on the other Allied countries.

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The secret message in which Germany asked Mexico to attack the United States was called the

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Zimmerman Telegram.

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US trade with World War I countries totaled about ________ before the US joined the war.

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$1 billion

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The 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk altered the course of World War I by

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ending Russia's involvement in the conflict.

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The Russian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of the tsar and

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the formation of a communist government.

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Which best explains the Russian army's near-collapse during World War I?

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The country was running low on food, supplies, and ammunition.

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Which best explains why the Russian people began to speak out against the government during World War I?

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They were weary of war and starving as a result of a famine.

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In 1915, the United States' neutral stance was tested when Germany

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sank the passenger ship Lusitania.

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How did the United States' decision to join the Allies affect World War I?

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The decision played a major role because the United States supplied thousands of men and supplies to aid in the Allied victory.

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To end its participation in World War I, Russia negotiated the

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Brest-Litovsk

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Which three factors explain why the US wanted to remain neutral in World War I?

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ethnic diversity, trade, and pacifism

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Which best explains why many Americans supported pacifism during World War I?

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They feared war would lead to a draft and cost lives.

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This chart shows US citizens' participation in wartime activities.

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The number of active military and employed workers jumped at the same time.

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How did countries ready their militaries for World War I? Check all that apply.

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by requiring colonies to participate by drafting soldiers into the military by encouraging civilians to volunteer

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The map depicts World War I in Europe. Russia's withdrawal from the war allowed Germany to focus

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its resources on a one-front war in the west.

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To is to make soldiers and equipment ready for war.

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mobilize

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Under what circumstance might propaganda unintentionally hurt rather than help a cause?

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People find out that the propaganda is based on false information.

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How were women factory workers part of the total war effort?

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They helped make weapons and war materials.

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What larger shift was indicated by women beginning to serve as secretaries and radio operators in the US Navy?

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Women were starting to take on more involved roles.

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An important goal of anti-German propaganda was to

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convince countries to join the Allied effort.

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When businesses converted to wartime production, how did citizens benefit?

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Many new jobs were created.

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How did the sinking of the Lusitania affect wartime propaganda?

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It provided new material for anti-German propaganda.

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What was a main message of Allied nations' anti-German propaganda?

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Germany was guilty of committing war crimes.

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This poster was created to increase support for the war effort. The poster links food rationing to

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defeating Germany.

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This notice was posted in Britain during World War I. How did posts like this help countries enforce rationing?

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by publicly shaming people who did not ration

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The total war effort endangered civilians because

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it led enemies to attack towns, cities, and factories to damage the war effort.

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A(n)____ is a person who is not actively involved in a nation's armed forces.

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civilian

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The____ending World War I was signed on November 11, 1918.

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armistice

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This chart shows Allied deaths from World War I. Which two countries lost the smallest percentage of their populations?

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the US and the UK

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What is the most likely reason the United Kingdom had the largest shipping losses?

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The United Kingdom had the largest navy.

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Which of these events occurred first?

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The stalemate broke.

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The human cost of WWI was

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40 million casualties

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In March 1918, Germany launched attacks from the Hindenberg line to

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defeat the Allies before reinforcements arrived

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The Ottoman Empire was attacked on two fronts by

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the Allied forces

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Which shows the correct order, from most to least, of countries that had total indirect costs from WWI?

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France, Russia, United Kingdom, Germany

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The chart shows the casualties faced by the Central Powers. According to the chart, which country had the highest casualty rate?

answer

Austria-Hungary

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This chart shows deaths and death rates during WWI. Which country had the lowest death rate?

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the US

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A contributing development to the end of the war following the Allies' Hundred Days Offensive was the surrender of

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the Ottoman Empire.

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Which country suffered the most severe damage to its land and structures during WWI?

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France

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What allowed countries to call up troops and move them quickly?

answer

mobilization

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Which event lit a "powder keg" in Europe and led to the start of World War I?

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist

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This is an image of an event from World War I. What event from the end of World War I does the image most likely depict?

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the armistice being signed

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Which is the correct order of events that occurred after Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?

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Russia mobilized its forces, prompting Germany to declare a two-front war against Russia and France.

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This chart shows spending during World War I. Name the Central Powers country and the Allied country that spent the most money on the war.

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Allied: the United Kingdom; Central Powers: Germany

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated by a nationalist of____ descent.

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Serbian

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This chart shows WWI spending. Which country's total war spending was the highest at the end of World War I?

answer

the United Kingdom

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In what practical way did war bonds benefit citizens who purchased them?

answer

The government repaid bond purchasers with interest.

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The chart shows Allied and neutral shipping losses in early 1917. What most likely caused an increase in lost goods?

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Germany sank merchant ships bringing supplies to the Allies, doubling the amount of lost goods in four months

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Rationing most likely helped the total war effort by

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making citizens feel like they were contributing to the wartime effort.

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What was the most important reason civilians were urged to substitute goods during the war?

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to enable the armed forces to have enough supplies

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Which conditions did Austria demand of Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand? Check all that apply.

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accepting responsibility for the assassination suppressing anti-Austrian groups and publications

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American business owners believed taking sides in World War I would

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lead to less money and trading opportunities.

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Britain intercepted a secret message in 1917 in which Germany sought to

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keep the United States from entering World War I.

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Once the United States entered World War I, its navy played a key role by

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escorting merchant ships across the Atlantic Ocean

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World War I lasted for__ years.

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4

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This shows a timeline from 1820-1920. For how many years were tensions between European nations growing before WWI finally broke out?

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ninety years

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Where and when did the Battle of the Somme take place?

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along a French river, after the Battle of Verdun

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To prevent the US from resupplying Allied forces, Germany used a tactic known as .

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unrestricted submarine warfare

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How did a growing sense of nationalism contribute to the decline of the Ottoman Empire?

answer

Some ethnic groups successfully declared their independence.

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The chart shows Allied and neutral shipping losses in early 1917. What most likely caused an increase in lost goods?

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Germany sank merchant ships bringing supplies to the Allies, doubling the amount of lost goods in four months.

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What was significant about the Battle of the Somme?

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There were massive casualties and the Allies gained very little ground.

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What was seen as a sign of the most power and influence among European nations?

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imperialism

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In what way might the Allies benefit from Germany's decision to fight on two fronts?

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Germany would become weaker by having to divide its military resources between the fronts.

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During peace negotiations, Britain's prime minister David Lloyd George

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signaled a compromise on Germany.

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Which statement best explains how President Wilson's background affected peace negotiations?

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He was an idealist who was often unwilling to compromise.

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The Paris Peace Conference ended with the signing of the Treaty of ______.

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Versailles

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Which statement best explains the British and French response to the "Fourteen Points" plan?

answer

France wanted revenge in the form of money and land, while Britain opposed the freedom of the seas.

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France's prime minister Georges Clemenceau demanded that Germany make reparations and

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give up land it had seized.

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When it came to weapons, the "Fourteen Points" plan called for

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disarmament.

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What were the goals behind the creation of the League of Nations? Check all that apply.

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to foster international cooperation to promote open diplomacy to prevent future conflicts

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The Treaty of Versailles included a "war guilt" clause that

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forced Germany to accept responsibility for the war.

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Which scenario best fits President Wilson's "Fourteen Points" vision?

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Germany and Austria determine how their governments should run.

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A year before the "Fourteen Points" speech, President Wilson said a peace agreement should

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have worldwide support to ensure it lasts.

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Which were provisions of the Treaty of Versailles? Check all that apply.

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Germany took responsibility for having started the war. Germany had to pay reparations to other nations. Germany had to limit the number of its ships. Germany could not acquire new weapons or war materials. Germany had to give up its colonies.

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How was the German economy affected by having to pay reparations? Check all that apply.

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Germany had a hard time raising money to make its payments. Germany was obligated to raise billions of dollars to pay the Allies. Germany was forced to print money to pay its debts.

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Territorial changes after World War I led to the creation of new countries, including ________.

answer

Poland

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Wilson's view of the postwar world was summed up in

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his Fourteen Points.

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This political cartoon appeared in a German magazine in 1919. In what way is the cartoon sympathetic to Germany during the Treaty of Versailles discussions?

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It shows that Germany was being forced against its will to sign the treaty.

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Which of these statements best describes the views of those involved with the Treaty of Versailles? Check all that apply.

answer

France thought the treaty was not tough enough on Germany. Germany was unhappy it could not participate in the treaty negotiations. Great Britain feared that the treaty was too harsh on Germany. Japan was unhappy that its contribution to the war effort had gone unrewarded. Germany resented the fact that it had to sign the treaty or face invasion.

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This cartoon is from 1919. What is the message of the cartoon?

answer

Germany had no choice but to sign the Treaty of Versailles.

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What was the effect of the armistice signed on November 11, 1918?

answer

It signaled the end of fighting in World War I.

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The war guilt clause blamed which country for having started World War I?

answer

Germany

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This cartoon of Georges Clemenceau, leader of France during World War I, appeared in a German newspaper in 1919. "Clemenceau the Vampire," 1919 What is the action in this cartoon suggesting about France?

answer

The French want to destroy Germany.

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After World War I, the Rhineland was demilitarized, meaning that Germany agreed

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not to station troops there.

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As a result of World War I, what happened to the foreign colonies held by European powers?

answer

Germany was forced to give up its colonies to the Allies.

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What word best sums up the tone of the newspaper regarding the Treaty of Versailles?

answer

resentful

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Which statement presents Hitler's view of the path Germany should take?

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Germany must break the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

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Which best explains France's position during the discussions at Versailles?

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The French wanted harsh terms because much of the fighting and destruction had taken place on French soil.

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During __________________ in the 1930s, the League of Nations failed to stop aggressive countries from gaining power.

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the Abyssinian Crisis

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How did the League of Nations deal with offending nations? Check all that apply.

answer

verbal warnings economic sanctions military force

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Read the quote about the League of Nations by US President Woodrow Wilson. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike. Which best summarizes Wilson's vision of what the League of Nations should focus on?

answer

cooperation

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How did US President Warren Harding step away from the League of Nations?

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He announced his support for an isolationist policy.

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What was one problem that undermined the League of Nations' effectiveness?

answer

It had no permanent army.

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Read the quote from Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. The United States assumes no obligation to preserve the territorial integrity or political independence of any other country or to interfere in controversies between nations. Based on this quote, why did Lodge oppose US involvement in the League of Nations?

answer

It would lead to unnecessary involvement in international affairs.

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How did the League of Nations' failure to end the Abyssinian Crisis help lead to World War II?

answer

The failure was a starting point for a buildup of aggression around the world.

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As part of the League of Nations' disarmament effort, members _____________.

answer

destroyed weapons

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What was one result of the League of Nations' perceived weakness?

answer

Many league members did not recognize the league's authority.

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Which is one reason why the United Nations was stronger than the League of Nations?

answer

It had a security council to respond to global crises.

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Some Americans opposed US participation in the League of Nations because they

answer

felt the US might not have enough resources to solve its own problems.

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The League of Nations could enact sanctions, which are best defined as

answer

punishment.

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Arms reduction and settling border disputes contributed to the League of Nations' goal of

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preventing future warfare.

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How did settling small border disputes, such as that between Sweden and Finland, help Europe as a whole?

answer

Nations that resolved border disputes were more likely to cooperate on larger issues.

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What shows that the League of Nations cared deeply about human welfare?

answer

The league worked to improve conditions for prisoners of war and refugees.

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What happened when the League of Nations proved too weak?

answer

It was replaced by the United Nations.

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Which international social issues did the League of Nations address? Check all that apply.

answer

-creating clean sources of water -eliminating diseases -improving the status of women

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The League of Nations' goals included repatriation of thousands of people. Why did these people require repatriation?

answer

They were captured and held as prisoners during World War I.

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The overall goal of the League of Nations was to

answer

promote peace.

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How does the cartoon illustrate one of the league's major problems?

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It shows that the league was weak because it lacked powerful member nations.

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As proved by the transatlantic flights of Lindbergh and Earhart, postwar airplanes were engineered to fly

answer

for greater distances

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Which type of music most influenced the emergence of jazz in the postwar era?

answer

spirituals

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What did Einstein believe regarding human perception?

answer

What humans perceive with their senses is not always true.

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What does Einstein's theory of relatively, which posits that movement in space and time is relative to the person measuring them, mean? Check all that apply.

answer

Each person perceives space and time differently. What people perceive is not necessarily accurate or true.

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How did World War I change women's roles in the United States?

answer

Women replaced men in the workforce.

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What right did women in the United States win by 1930?

answer

the right to vote

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In the postwar era, the increased availability and affordability of cars most facilitated which social change?

answer

the growth of suburbs

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After World War I, how did new theories about science differ from past ideas?

answer

New theories recognized that explanations were not always possible.

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Which aspect of the postwar era did jazz's liveliness, looseness, and improvisation most reflect?

answer

disillusionment

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Which type of therapy did Sigmund Freud introduce?

answer

psychoanalysis

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Look at this chart showing declines in industrial production during the Great Depression. Based on these figures, what can one most likely conclude about Sweden?

answer

Sweden had a lower unemployment rate than the United States.

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The US economy after World War I relied in large part on

answer

construction.

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The global economic crisis following World War I was caused by

answer

unpaid WWI debts.

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In which way did Great Britain's leaders try to recover from the Great Depression?

answer

by lowering interest rates to help business

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Why did people demand not just banking and stock market reform but also new forms of government after the Great Depression?

answer

The Depression shattered people's confidence in the government.

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After the Great Depression, France could best be described as

answer

politically unstable.

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A factor that weakened the US economy following its initial surge was the unequal distribution of .

answer

wealth

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In the year_______ , the US stock market collapsed.

answer

1929

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What factors caused the Great Depression to spread around the world? Check all that apply.

answer

Americans stopped buying from overseas nations. Many countries raised tariffs on imported goods. Americans demanded repayment of European loans.

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During the Great Depression, the United States demanded repayment of loans it made to European nations for

answer

World War I expenses.

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Immediately following World War I, the economy in the United States

answer

prospered

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What made Americans so willing to engage in stock market speculation in the 1920s?

answer

People were in an optimistic mood, and they were willing to take a risk.

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According to this chart, ______ had the smallest increase in unemployment

answer

Great Britain

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In France, how did Socialists attempt to fight the effects of the Great Depression?

answer

They passed worker reforms.

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In what year did the US economic recovery begin?

answer

1933

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Why did European nations face financial challenges after World War I? Check all that apply.

answer

-They needed to rebuild destroyed infrastructure. -They needed to repay money they had borrowed.

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The term "on margin" means

answer

paying the down payment on an asset and borrowing the balance.

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President Franklin Roosevelt's domestic program, called the _________, spurred economic recovery in the United States.

answer

New Deal

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To pay reparations after World War I, Germany

answer

printed more money.

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After World War I, how did the US economy compare to that of Germany?

answer

The US economy was stronger.

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When Germany experienced inflation, prices for goods

answer

increased.

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This political cartoon appeared in an American newspaper in 1921. "Let's see you collect it," New York World (1921)" Which best represents the cartoonist's point of view regarding Germany and its war debts?

answer

sympathy, because Germany has a large debt that will be difficult to pay

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To spur US recovery after the Great Depression, President Roosevelt

answer

enacted numerous relief and welfare programs.

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In exchange for the inclusion of the "war guilt" clause in the Treaty of Versailles, France agreed to support the

answer

League of Nations.

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What do Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia have in common?

answer

They were both created by the Treaty of Versailles.

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Read the passage from President Wilson's "Fourteen Points" speech. We do not wish to injure her or to block in any way her legitimate influence or power. We do not wish to fight her either with arms or with hostile arrangements of trade if she is willing to associate herself with us and the other peace-loving nations of the world. Which statement is the best summary of this passage from President Wilson's speech?

answer

As long as Germany agrees to join other peace-loving nations, it will be treated with leniency in the aftermath of the war.

question

What is a coalition?

answer

a group formed for a common purpose

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This is a picture of a woman from the 1920s. In the postwar era, women's style and clothing became more

answer

revealing.

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What is the most likely reason that nations raised tariffs on imports during the Great Depression?

answer

They wanted to increase sales of their own products.

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What were the long-term effects of the League of Nations' social initiatives?

answer

They set the stage for other organizations to tackle global social issues.

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Which best describes the overall type of art that emerged in the postwar period?

answer

abstract

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Which electric appliance emerged in the postwar era?

answer

the vacuum cleaner

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What was Germany's role in the discussions that ended with the Treaty of Versailles?

answer

Germany was excluded from the discussions.

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Why was the League of Nations created?

answer

to maintain world peace

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Which best describes what Einstein's theories tried to explain?

answer

how the physical world functions

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