World History Midterm – Flashcards
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Q: Why was life expectancy in early cities shorter than among nomadic hunter-gatherer peoples?
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A: The frequency of infectious diseases increases, and people's diets could become overly dependent on carbohydrate, resulting in earlier ages at death than ere typical of hunter gatherer bands.
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Q: Before 11,000 B.C.E., virtually all Human societies were:
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A: nomadic, moving incessantly in search of limited food.
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Q: The Switch from subsistence by food gathering to food production:
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A: was a momentous revolution that made stable settlements possible
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Q: The __________ culture is the earliest culture in the Middle East of which we are aware today.
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A: Ubaid
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Q: Although people who produced early writing used pointed sticks, Sumerian scribes advanced writing by introducing durable reeds that:
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A: produced wedge-like script called cuneiform
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Q: Slavery in Sumerian society was:
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A: often the result of capture during the war and was limited in some ways
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Q: Shortly before 3000 B.C.E., people in the Near East discovered that bronze could be produced by:
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A: combining copper metal with arsenic or tin
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Q: The Code of Hammurabi:
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A: was propagandistic in purpose
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Q: According to historians, the Egyptian pharaohs were able to establish their claim to divinity:
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A: none of the above
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Q: The great Pyramids of Giza, built in the Fourth Dynasty, were
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A: constructed by thousands of peasant workers who were not slaves
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Q: The Egyptians made notable advances in:
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A: Measuring Time
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Q: Imhotep, in designing the Step Pyramid, gave the world its first:
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A: Monument built in stone
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Q: The Mitannians introduced lighter chariots to carry archers, but:
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A: their opponents soon copied them and used protective armor
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Q: Although it was not uncommon for a woman to act as a regent for a small child in ancient Egypt, it was truly remarkable when________ declared herself to be pharaoh in her own right.
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A: Hatshepsut
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Q: The system of writing developed by the citizens of Ugarit:
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A: used an alphabet of about thirty symbols for the consonants
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Q: By the Late Bronze Age, international relations had changed because:
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A: a balance of power evolved that stabilized trade a diplomacy: leaders came to understand both that security and stability helped trade and that war and disruptive and unprofitable
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Q: The followers of Zoroastrianism believed:
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A: Ahura-Mazda (truth/ light) struggling with Ahriman (evil/darkness)
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Q: Western civilization today's looks back to ancient Greece as the epitome of the triumph of:
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A: reason and freedom over superstition and despotism
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Q: Although Dark Age Greece is largely undocumented and therefore difficult to study thoroughly, it seem clear that:
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A: early Greeks were economically stagnant and cut off from other Near Eastern civilizations
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Q:The Greek polis was a:
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A: collective group or community organized around a city
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Q: Panhellenic Festivals in ancient Greece included:
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athletic contests honoring the gods
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Q: Since every polis needed hoplites:
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A: Men who took part began to demand a role in politics
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Q: A tyrant is someone who:
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A: seized power and rules outside a traditional constitutional framework
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Q: Sparta:
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A: depended on the enslaved labor of helots
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Q: Which sentence best describes the structure of the Spartan government circa 600 B.C.E.?
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A: Sparta was ruled by a citizen assembly, a council of elders, and two kings
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Q: The decisive Greek military victory over the Persians at Salamis was won by:
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A: the Athenian Fleet
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Q: A change in how people viewed the world began in the sixth century B.C.E. when some Ionian thinkers began to:
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A: look for natural explanations of occurrences in the world rather than to the gods and goddesses
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Q: Drama in classical Athens was transformed when:
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A: Aeschylus introduced additional characters and a chorus to stage presentations in order to portray human conflict and conversation
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Q: The growth of Athenian democracy, with its emphasis on equality between citizens, let to:
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A: greater inequality between men and women
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Q: the primary source of our knowledge of the Persian Wars comes from the " Father of Knowledge":
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A: Herododus
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Q: Socrates' aim was to show that:
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A: truth in real and absolute standards of goodness and virtue do exist
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Q: Socrates' most famous pupil was:
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A: Plato
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Q: Plato's primary philosophical concern was:
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A: the doctrine of ideas
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Q: As outlined in The Republic, Plato's ideal form of government is best described as a/an:
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A: meritocracy based on intelligence
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Q: the ruling principle for such a government as Plato envisioned was:
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A: the Good
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Q: Aristotle believed that:
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A: Forms shape matter toward specific purposes
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Q: Aristotle argued that good conduct is virtuous and that virtue resides in aiming:
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A: for the golden mean
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Q: Whereas Plato conceived of politics as means toward living the good life, Aristotle regarded politics as:
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A: an end in itself
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Q: Alexander the Great is a difficult figure for historians to evaluate because:
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A: so many legends grew around him during his lifetime
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Q: Alexander's troops refused to proceed any farther once they reached the:
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A: Indus Valley
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Q: To control his newly created empire, Alexander constructed:
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A: Greek-Style Cities
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Q: The great Hellenic empires of the ancient world following Alexander were the:
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A: Antigonid in Macedon, the Ptolomaic in Egypt, and the Seleucid in Persia
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Q: the most important cultural center in the Hellenitic world was:
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A: Alexandria
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Q: three philosophical schools that were prominent during the Hellenistic period were:
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A: Stoicism, Epicureanism, and Skepticism
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Q: Rome was a crucial factor in the development of European civilization because:
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A: Rome connected Europe to the cultural heritage of the near east
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Q: During the early Rome Republic, Rome:
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A: expanded slowly and extended the Latin Right to many of the cities it conquered
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Q: The greatest honor a Roman could hope to achieve was to:
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A: sacrifice himself, his family, and his friends for the state
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Q: Once the Romans had effectively gained control of Italy (265 B.C.E.) they:
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A: started a series of wars for the controls of the western Mediterranean
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Q: Roman slavery differed from slavery in other ancient civilizations in that it:
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A: was far more impersonal and brutish
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Q: The greatest Roman Stoic, Cicero, believed that:
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A: virtue leads to happiness, and peace of mind is the highest goal
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Q: Following the end of the Punic Wars, there was a period of great turmoil and strife, including a slave revolt that lasted for two years and threatened the stability of the Republic itself. The slaves were led by the gladiator named:
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A: Spartacus
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Q: Rome created the position of dictator to allow a single individual to deal with any emergency for a maximum of six months; one individual,________, had the senate elect him dictator for life.
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A: Caesar
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Q: Those who ruled Rome from 96 to 180 C.E. were called the Five Good Emperors because they:
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A: were capable administrators who governed successfully
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Q: Pax Romana refers to:
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A: Romans' success in keeping order around the Mediterranean
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Q: Rome declined and fell because:
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A: none of the above
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Q: When high culture is watered down for a wider public, the process is called:
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A: vulgarization
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Q: The differences between the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire:
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A: in culture, economy, and language were great and grew larger over time
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Q: The Dead Sea Scrolls have helped historians understand the religious climate of the first century C.E. by:
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A: demonstrating the diversity of Jewish religious practice and belief
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Q: The Gospel accounts of Jesus' life:
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A: were probably written between 70 and 100 C.E.
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Q: Once Constantine I and his successors converted to Christianity:
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A: it gained power and was designated the only official religion by Theodosius
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Q: What were the general results of the doctrinal quarrel of the early centuries?
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A: the dogmas of the Christian Church gradually became fixed
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Q: Why did Justinian's reconquest of the western Roman Empire fail?
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A: The costs associated with conquering and defending the vast western empire was too great
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Q: The role of women in the early Christian church was:
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A: extremely limited: not unlike Judaism of the time
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Q: Byzantine civilization contributed a great deal to Western art as evidence by:
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A: St. Mark's in Venice
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Q: The Hijrah ( Hegira) refers to the prophet Muhammad's move from:
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A: Mecca to Medina
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Q: The word Islam means:
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A: submission
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Q: In their worship of allah, Muslims worship:
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A: the same omnipotent deity by Christians and Jews
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Q: The Shi'ite party arose among Muslims because:
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A: of a dispute about the proper succession of caliphs in seventh-century Arabia
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Q: Compared to medieval Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the Islamic world was:
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A: more advanced in technological sophistication, science, and philosophy
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Q: The Vikings, whose name means_________, played a significant role in the development of Europe in the ninth through the eleventh centuries through raids and settlements they established
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A: robbers
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Q: The population of Europe roughly tripled from 1000 to 1300, and as a result cities grew to populations of:
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A: 100,000
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Q: The two fundamental factors driving the economy of Europe on the High Middle Ages were:
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A: populations growth and an increasingly efficient market foe goods
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Q: Serfs were treated like slave in parts of medieval Europe with the following major exception: unlike slavery:
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A: serfs could not be sold apart from their historical lands
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Q: During the High Middles Ages, fields were rotated over a__________ cycle to increase overall agricultural production 50 to 67 percent.
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A: three-year
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Q: During the eleventh century, the most spectacular developments in long-distance trade took place in:
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A: nothern Italy
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Q: Medieval guilds generally worked:
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A: to preserve their monopolies and limit competition
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Q: The expansion of the Byzantine Empire during the tenth and early eleventh centuries was assisted by:
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A: Christian missionary activity in Russia and the Balkans
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Q: Which of the following was NOT a goal Pope Urban II expressed for the First Crusade? He aimed to:
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A: sly Christ's enemies wherever they could be found, especially Jews and Muslims
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Q: Pope Urban II, in his speech at Clermont, asked Christians in Europe to:
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A: destroy the Muslims who were in the lands formerly held by Byzantium
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Q: The First Crusade
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A: weakened Byzantine control over trade in the eastern Mediterranean
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Q: During the Fourth Crusade of 1201-1204, the Venetian navy:
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A: sacked Constantinople and returned with an enormous booty
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Q: The direct consequence(s) of the crusades was/ were
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A: all of the above
