World History Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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The Earliest human-like creatures, which lived in Africa as long as three to four million years ago are called _______.
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Australopithecus
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The study of past societies through an analysis of what people call ________.
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Archeology
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The first civilization developed _______________.
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ÇatalHüyük
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The following are the basic characteristics of civilization.
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cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and art
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How did the Neolithic Revolution affect the relationshi between men and women?
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Men herded and farmed; women raised children
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What ancient ruler created a code of laws based on a system of justice?
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Hammurabi
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What do historians believe is the earliest system of writing to emerge in ancient civilization?
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cuneiform
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The attack of what people brought Egypt's Middle Kingdom to and end?
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Hyksos
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The Summerians believed that gods ruled the cities, making the state a government by divine authority, or _______.
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theocracy
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The Sumerians are credited with inventing all of the following.
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the wagon wheel, the potters wheel, and bronze
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The term Aryan was originally used to describe which of the following groups of people?
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nomads
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Which Hindu concept describes the divine law that requires all people to do their dity?
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dharma
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What role did the mountains and sea play in the developnment of Greek history?
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the mountains are the home of olympus ad the sea made trade ports
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What type of government did the city-state of Sparta have?
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obligarchy
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All of the following were ways by which ancient Greeks interacted with their gods.
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rituals, festivals, and oracles
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Whic mountain range in Italy forms a ridge that divides west from east?
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Apennines
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In early Roman government, what officials were given the power to protect the plebeians?
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patricians
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Who became the first Roman emperor?
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Julius Caesar; then Augustus Caesar
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Which Roman ruler adopted Christianity as the offical Realign of the Roman Empire?
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Constantine the Great
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Which of the following was a factor in the decline of the Western Roman Empire?
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1.) Christianity's emphasis on a spiritual kingdom weakened Roman military virtues. 2.) Traditional Roman values declined as non-Italians gained prominence in the empire. 3.) Lead poisoning through leaden water pipes and cups caused a mental decline in the population. 4.) Plague wiped out one-tenth of the population. 5.) Rome failed to advance technologically due to slavery. 6.) Rome could not create a workable political system.
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A form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote is a ______________.
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republic
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What is the Quran?
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the holy book of Islam
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The following are the Five Pillars of Islam.
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Belief, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, Pilgrimage
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What Middle Eastern writer composed the Rubaiyat?
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Omar Khayyám
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Islam is similar to Christianity in all of the following ways.
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monotheistic, has angels and demons, virgin birth of Jesus and crucifixion, eternal heaven or hell
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What was the first great trading state in Africa?
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Ghana
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Which group of migrants is believed to have introduced iron working techniques in eastern and southern Africa?
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Bantu
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Why were story tellers important in African societies?
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They told religious and folk legends from generation to generation.
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A society where descent is traced through the father is called a __________.
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patrilinealage
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What was the key factor in Songhai's rise to power?
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the army's conquests
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What Mongolian ruler created the largest land empire in history?
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Kublai Khan
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Which of the following was the main island of early Japan?
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Honshu
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Most significant during the Tang and Song dynasties was the rise of the scholar gentry, who was ________________.
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the political and Economic elite of Chinese society
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What was the principal source of wealth in India between 500 and 1500?
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agriculture
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Which king was forced to sign the Magna Carta?
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King John
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Which pope fought the practice of lay investiture?
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Pope Gregory VII
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What was the most highly regarded subject of the medieval unicersity?
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theology
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The following are factors in France winning the Hundred Years' War.
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defeats of English armies in Normandy and Aquitaine, the use of the cannon, Joan of Arc, and the Battle of Castillon
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Many scholars believe that a land bridge in the Bering Strait allowed people from what continent to cross into North America?
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Asia
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What was the first major city in Mesoamerica?
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Teotihuacan
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what early civilization in South America built Macho Picchu?
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Inca
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What crops farmed by the Iroquois were known as the "three sisters"?
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corn, beans, and squash
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Who emerged as a dominant force in Italy after the Italian wars?
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Spanish
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All of the following are the three associated with the High Renaissance.
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Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo
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Who was the first person to sail around the world?
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Joshua Slocum
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The following are motives for European Expansion.
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God, money, and trade(spices,etc.)
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Between what two countries did the Treaty of Tordesillas divide the newly discovered land?
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Spain and Portugal
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Christopher Columbus explored the following islands:
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the major Caribbean islands, Cuba, Hispaniola, and Honduras
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The demand for slaves increased when _________________.
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America was discovered and sugarcane was grown.
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What were known in Europe as the Spice Islands?
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Moluccas
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A political system in which a ruler holds total power is called ____________________.
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absolutism
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The fleet of warships sent by Spanish King Philip II to invade England was called _______.
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The Spanish Armada
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What Russian czar attempted to westernize Russia?
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Peter the Great
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Under which Ottoman ruler did the Turks gain control of Constantinople?
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Mehmed II
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Which group used the East India Company to gain power, influence, and profit in India?
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British
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Upon the completion of the Grand Canal, the Chinese were able to ship goods __________.
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to northern China
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What economic change took place in Japan under the Tokugawa?
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a merchant class evolved
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All of the following are factors that led to peasant unrest and an eventual revolt that ended the Ming dynasty.
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the suffering of the epidemic, high taxes, and and power struggles
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Who is considered the founder of the European and American movement for women's rights?
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Emmeline Pankhurst
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Where did Catherine the Great rule from 1762 to 1796?
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Russia
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Which reform was made by the National Assembly?
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the establishment of public trials, the establishment of freedom of the press, the elimination of internal tariffs
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The Industrial Revolution begain in the 1780's in ___________.
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England/Great Britian
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Who issued an emancipation edict, freeing Russian serfs?
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Alexander II
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A system in which society owns and controls the means of production is called __________.
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socialism
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What invention made ocean liners, airplanes, and the automobile possible?
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internal-combustion engine
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Who believed at a struggle between the middle class and the working class would ultimately produce a classless society?
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Karl Marx
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All of the following were factors that opened the door to new jobs for women.
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second industrial revolution,expansion of government services, and lack of men to fill white-collar jobs
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All of the following territories were acquired by the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War.
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Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and Cuba
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By 1907, Great Britain, France, and Russia joined together to form the __________.
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Triple Entente
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Slavery was abolished in all major countries of the world by _____________.
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Slavery Abolition Act of 1833
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What was the only remaining free state in Southeast Asia after the French conquest of Indochina?
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Thailand
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What was Great Britain's primary interest in the Suez Canal?
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they believed it was their lifetime in India
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What was a benefit of British Rule in India?
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Established on of the the world's third largest railroad network; Developed a modern economy; Schools and Colleges were founded; Sanitation and public health improved; End to local warfare; Network of telephones, telegraph line, dams, bridges, and irrigation canals; Political stability
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What ensured equal access to the Chinese market for all nations?
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the Open Door Policy
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What was the "Serbian Problem?"
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They went to war with Austria-Hungary
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What new technology was used in battle during World War I for the first time in history?
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indirect counter-battery fire
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What was the final peace settlement of WWI called?
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The Treaty of Versailles
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The following were results of World War I.
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Many nations were unhappy with the peace settlement
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A coalition of leftist parties - Communists, Socialists, and Radicals - formed what government in France in 1936?
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Socialist Party
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Who was the founder of the Fascist movement and dreamed of making Italy a great nation?
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Benito Mussolini
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What invention, discovered by Marconi, led the way for a revolution in mass communication?
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radio
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What did the Balfour Declaration promote?
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declared that the British favored a Jewish homeland in Palestine
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What brought an end to the Communist-Nationalist alliance?
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Shanghai Massacre
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What positive impact did the Great Depression have in Latin America?
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It made Latin America learn support themselves
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What caused the German army to halt its attack on the Soviet Union?
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The Soviet Union counter-attacked
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The Cold War was primarily an ideological conflict between the United States and ______________.
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Soviet Union
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What was the only country to use women to fight in World War II?
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United States
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Which of the following was a part of the Nazi's Final Solution.
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Genocide of Jews
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What was the goal of the policy of containment?
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stop the spread of communism
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Which Soviet leader brought and end to the Cold War?
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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What two countries were formed when Czechoslovakia split?
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Czech Republic and Slovakia
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What group suffered under a Serbian policy of ethnic cleansing?
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Cham Muslims
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In the 1950s, who led a strong opposition movement to overthrow the government in Cuba?
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Iran
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To what new cash crop have some Colombian peasants turned?
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palm oil
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Who took control of Panama in 1983?
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Antonio Noriega
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Whites in South Africa create a system of racial segregation known as _______?
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Apartheid
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What country did Great Britain, France, and Israel attack to start the Suez War of 1956?
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Egypt
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Why did Israel attack Egypt in 1967?
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The Suez War
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What countries agreed to divide Korea into two zones at the 38th Parallel?
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United States and Soviet Union
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Why did the United States enter the Vietnam War?
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To help fight communism
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The development of new strains of rice, corn, and other grains that have greater yields is referred to as the _______.
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Wheat middlings
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What is the only global international orgainzation that deals with the rules of trade between nations?
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World Trade Organization
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The leader of the revolutionists in Cuba was _________.
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Castro
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Castro signed a pact with ______.
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The United States
