World History Chapter 13 Section 3 – Flashcards
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According to Church teaching, an indulgence was a lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory
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indulgences
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a German monk and professor of theology who triggered the revolt against Church abuses; drew up 95 Theses against indulgences
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Martin Luther
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in Germany where a priest set up a pulpit in its outskirts
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Wittenberg
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new Holy Roman emperor who summoned Luther to the diet at the city of Worms
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Charles V
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assembly of German princes
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diet
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stressed the importance of the Bible and rejected elaborate church rituals; profoundly affected the direction of the Reformation; preached predestination; set up a theocracy
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John Calvin
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the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation
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predestination
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Swiss city-state that asked Calvin to lead their community
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Geneva
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government run by church leaders
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theocracy
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What factors set the stage for the Protestant Reformation?
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anger about Church practices such as selling indulgences; societal upheaval as a result of a changing economy; the ability of the printing press to spread ideas quickly
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How did Luther's teachings affect people and society in northern Europe?
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Luther's teachings lead to the establishment of a new church and sparked a period of social upheaval and violence as people fought over religious beliefs
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How were Calvin's ideas put into practice?
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In Geneva, Calvinists set up a theocracy; in other places, Calvinists established churches and led rebellions
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How did revolts against the Roman Catholic Church affect northern European society?
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People began to question specific practices of the Church and the role and practice of religion in general, leading to the spread of Protestantism
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Why did the sale of indulgences become a critical issue during the Renaissance but not during the Middle Ages?
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In medieval times, people accepted the authority of the Church without question. Influenced by Renaissance thought, people began to look critically at questionable church practices.
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How did Luther's ideas differ from those expressed by the Catholic church?
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Luther placed great emphasis on direct examination of the Bible and people's personal relationship to God. The Church placed greater emphasis on the authority of the pope and Church officials.
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How might Luther have felt about the Calvinist theocracy in Geneva?
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Luther probably would have opposed it, because a theocracy added another layer between people and God
