World History – Flashcards with Answers
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Which of the following is not an example of human geography? (5.01)
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A geographer studies the elevation of mountains in France.
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Which two European regions have the most similar physical geography? (5.01)
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The Northern European Plain and the Central Russian Upland
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Which modern country has undergone the most dramatic territorial changes between 1650 and the present? (5.01)
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Germany
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Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the information in the maps? (5.01) - Map: Cultural Regions and Spoken-Languages in Europe.
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There are multiple languages spoken within each cultural region of Europe.
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Which of the following statements can be supported by the bar graph and the geography of Europe? (5.01) - Chart: Immigration in Europe.
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Both Italy and Spain have high levels of immigration, most likely due to their location close to northern Africa.
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In which of the following locations would you expect to find the highest human population per square mile? (5.01)
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The Italian Coast
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Which of the following is supported by the graph above? (5.01) - Chart: Approximate population in Europe.
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The population growth rate of Europe has been increasing over time.
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All of the following conclusions can be drawn from the map above except that (5.01)
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only nations with large land areas have large populations
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How does this map show that Europe has changed greatly since the 17th century? (5.01)
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Many nations are now allied economically to avoid constant conflicts
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Which of the following can be concluded from the map above? (5.01) - shows the religious make-up of Europe in 1600.
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Significant numbers of both Christians and Muslims populated the Ottoman Empire at the start of the 17th century.
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Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the map? (5.01) - Map: population growth rates for countries in modern Europe.
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Population growth rates in Eastern Europe are generally lower than Western Europe
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Which of the following inferences can be drawn from this map? (5.01) - percentage of the population in European countries that can functionally use the English language.
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Less than half of the population speaks English in Southern Europe.
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Which of the following inferences can be made about the religious makeup of Europe around 1600 CE? (5.01)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: Orthodox Christians were in conflict with Muslims.
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Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this map? (5.01) - Population map of Europe.
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More people live in Southern Europe than in far Northern Europe
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In what way is the area that makes up the country of Germany different now than it was in 1648? (5.01)
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In 1648, it was divided into a number of small kingdoms.
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Which of the following reasons is the best possible explanation for the changes in Europe's population since 1750? (5.01)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: The Scientific Revolution led to a sharp increase in immigration
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The set of countries with the greatest population densities are (5.01)
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Germany, Italy, England
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Why did constitutional monarchy develop in England, while absolute monarchy continued in Russia? (5.02)
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England was more economically developed than Russia and didn't rely on a strong monarch to address the nation's issues.
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How does the role of the Russian nobility in government during the 18th century compare to that of the French nobility in the 17th century? (5.02)
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In France, nobles were removed from government by the monarch, while in Russia they were employed in government.
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How did a shift in thinking about the natural world during the Renaissance contribute to the start of the Scientific Revolution? (5.03)
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Scientists shifted from thinking about the world to trying to understand how it functioned.
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How did the Renaissance's emphasis on humanism help spark scientific thinking? (5.03)
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The Church and God were no longer seen as the reason why everything happened the way it did.
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How did changing ideas on the role of the individual affect the way scientists began to understand the physical world? (5.03)
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By raising the importance of the individual, Europeans were able to see past the idea that God was responsible for all order in the universe.
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How might Leonardo da Vinci's sketches of the human body, such as the one above, have inspired later scientists? (5.03)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: The sketches popularized the scientific study of anatomy among common people.
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How did developments from the Renaissance affect Andreas Vesalius's work? (5.03)
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Inventions such as the printing press allowed him to publish influential writings.
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Why did some philosophers and scientists criticize Margaret Cavendish? (5.03)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: They accused her of taking credit for her husband's work.
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Which of the following represents an effect of the dissections of human bodies that occurred during the Scientific Revolution? (5.03)
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It allowed for important discoveries such as the circulation of blood through the body
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Why were Copernicus's ideas about the order of the universe deemed to be dangerous to Church thinking? (5.03)
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The Church was invested in the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe.
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What did Kepler believe the relationship was between mathematics and the natural world? (5.03)
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He noticed that everything in the natural world had mathematical properties, and they could be used to study and measure everything.
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What contribution to modern science was made by Andreas Vesalius? (5.03)
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He published On the Structure of the Human Body, which became the foundation of modern anatomy.
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How did Bacon's ideas on reasoning change the way scientific investigation was done? (5.03)
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Bacon's proposed use of inductive reasoning encouraged scientists to come to conclusions by way of data collection.Which was not a cause of the European Enlightenment? (5
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How did Descartes and Kepler contribute to the new scientific thinking? (5.03)
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They showed how mathematics and measurement could be used in scientific investigation.
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How did the Renaissance contribute to the Scientific Revolution? (5.03)
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Renaissance thinkers encouraged individuals to question how things work, and scientists began to test these ideas with experiments during the Scientific Revolution.
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How did the Renaissance rediscovery of the work of Egyptian astronomer Ptolemy help start the Scientific Revolution? (5.03)
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Ptolemy's system no longer seemed to work with what scientists were observing, and scientists began to look for other theories.
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Francis Bacon created a new way of scientific thinking called inductive reasoning. How was this different from the deductive reasoning of earlier eras? (5.03)
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Scientists now gathered information and facts before creating a theory.
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Why did the Church seek to silence Galileo? (5.03)
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Galileo's observations could prove Copernicus's theories about the order of the universe.
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Use the excerpt from Bacon's The Advancement of Learning below to answer the following question: "Another error hath proceeded from a kind of adoration of the mind and understanding of man; by means whereof men have withdrawn themselves away from the contemplation of nature, and the observations of experience, and have tumbled up and down in their own reason and conceits. Upon these Heraclitus gave a just censure, saying, MEN SOUGHT TRUTH IN THEIR OWN LITTLE WORLDS, AND NOT IN THE GREAT AND COMMON WORLD." Public Domain How does Sir Francis Bacon criticize previous scientific methods in the quote above? (5.03)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: Bacon states that all observations of the universe should be shared by the public rather than credited to one particular scientist.
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What did Newton's book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy argue about the role of mathematics in understanding the natural world? (5.03)
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Newton's book argued that mathematical principles could be applied to our understanding of the natural world.
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Who was Johannes Kepler, and why is he known today? (5.03)
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He was a German mathematician and astronomer who established a set of laws to describe planetary motion around the sun.
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Which idea did Descartes contribute to the Scientific Revolution? (5.03)
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Logic and mathematics could figure out the uncertainties of existence.
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Why is Sir Francis Bacon sometimes referred to as "The Father of Modern Science"? (5.03)
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Bacon proposed the scientific method.
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How did Copernicus's work challenge the accepted view of the universe? (5.03)
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He knew that the planets revolved, but he did not believe they revolved around the earth.
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What did Copernicus and Galileo have in common? (5.03)
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Both of them published works that challenged the views of the Church.
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How did Watson and Crick's discovery, shown above, advance knowledge of human life? (5.04)
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It helped explain why people have certain characteristics.
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Which scientific development has given rise to the most debate about the ethics of tampering with nature? (5.04)
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The cloning of animals
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Who were the philosophes? (5.05)
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Leading political and social writers of the French Enlightenment
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To which sphere of life did the Enlightenment try to apply scientific methods? (5.05)
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Society and government
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Which phenomenon among ordinary people most likely helped spread the ideas of the Enlightenment? (5.05)
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More people were able to read
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Which idea did David Hume contribute to both the philosophy and the science of the Enlightenment? (5.05)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: Humans are governed by reason rather than desire.
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Why did Adam Smith support the "invisible hand" of the market? (5.05)
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He believed the economy was better off without government involvement.
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In what way was the Constitution of the United States a product of the Enlightenment? (5.05)
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It built upon the ideas of limiting government power and supporting individual rights.
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How did the ideals of Mary Wollstonecraft influence the later development of the Western world? (5.05)
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Wollstonecraft's ideals helped lead to increased political power for women.
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Which statement supports the claim that the political philosophy of John Locke was as revolutionary as the scientific revolution of Copernicus? (5.05)
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Just as Copernicus replaced the Earth with the Sun at the center of the solar system, Locke replaced the monarch with the individual at the center of the political system.
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Which was not a cause of the European Enlightenment? (5.05)
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The monastic movement
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Use the following statement from Jean-Jacques Rousseau to answer the question below: "Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the Maker of the world, but degenerates once it gets into the hands of man." --Public Domain Rousseau would have supported the idea that (5.05)
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a supreme being is, by nature, good
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Use the following statement attributed to the Renaissance humanist Desiderius Erasmus to answer the following question: "Give light, and the darkness will disappear of itself."--Public Domain Which of the following did Erasmus' remark foreshadow? (5.05)
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The Enlightenment
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Which of the following accurately summarizes an idea of French Enlightenment philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau? (5.05)
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Human beings are naturally innocent and good, but society corrupts them.
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Which of the following accurately summarizes an idea of French Enlightenment philosopher Baron de Montesquieu? (5.05)
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Government should be divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
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Which of the following describes a contribution of French Enlightenment philosopher Denis Diderot? (5.05)
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He co-founded and edited a universal encyclopedia titled Encyclopedie
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How did the Enlightenment thinkers influence the government of the United States? (5.05)
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Many ideals of Enlightenment philosophers were incorporated in the U.S. founding documents.
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We know from historical records that The Spirit of the Laws by Baron de Montesquieu was placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Catholic Church. Which of the following can one reasonably infer from this fact? (5.05)
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The Enlightenment challenged the traditional authority of the Church.
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What role did the Scientific Revolution play in bringing about the Enlightenment? (5.05)
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Theories by thinkers such as Copernicus and Galileo caused traditional world views to be shaken.
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Which of the following cannot be considered a cause of the Enlightenment? (5.05)
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Strengthening of absolute monarchies during the Glorious Revolution
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Which of the following accurately summarizes an idea of Scottish Enlightenment philosopher Adam Smith? (5.05)
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Economic markets will regulate themselves without government interference.
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Which of the following accurately summarizes an idea of English Enlightenment philosopher John Locke? (5.05)
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People have the right to replace government if it does not carry out their will.
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How did Enlightenment works like the Encyclopédie influence politics and society? (5.05)
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Encouraged support for ideals like freedom of religion and criticized institutions like slavery
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Use the following quote from Benjamin Franklin to answer the question below: "A house is not a home unless it contains food and fire for the mind as well as the body."--Public Domain Why is Franklin's statement a recognizable impact of the effects of the Enlightenment? (5.05)
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It shows that Franklin valued reason and intellectual accomplishment.
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Use the following quote from Adam Smith to answer the question below: "No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of whom the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable."--Public Domain Which of the following does Adam Smith imply is an important value for society as a whole? (5.05) Care and concern for the less fortunate
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Care and concern for the less fortunate
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Which social class was most under attack during the French Revolution? (5.06)
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The aristocracy
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The American Revolution greatly affected France. Which of the following was one of the effects? (5.06)
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The French people were inspired to attempt a revolution of their own.
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The influence of John Locke's philosophy can be seen most clearly in which of the following quotations? (5.06)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: The idea that "Taxation without representation is tyranny"
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Some historians argue that the French Revolution was more liberating than the American Revolution. What might be the basis for this argument? (5.06)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: Women in America had fewer rights than French women after the revolution.
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Napoleon's goal in implementing the Continental System was to (5.06)
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declare economic warfare against Great Britain
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Which of the following is not a reason that Napoleon rose quickly to power? (5.06)
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He promised to lower the taxes levied by the previous king.
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Which two European regions have the most similar physical geography? (5.01) - Europe's Physical Elevation
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The Northern European Plain and the Central Russian Upland
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Which of the following statements is true for all European Union countries? (5.01)
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DO NOT CHOOSE: They each have their own hereditary monarchy.
