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World History 1 SOL Review, Part 1 – Flashcards

Steven Colyer

8 July 2022

question

Cultural Diffusion

answer

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

question

Homo Sapiens

answer

Modern Humans

question

Africa

answer

Continent where Homo Sapiens emerged

question

South America

answer

Continent where Homo Sapiens migrated LAST

question

Adaptations to environment

answer

Igloos Caves Mud Huts Grass Huts

question

Paleolithic Age

answer

Old Stone Age

question

Neolithic Age

answer

New Stone Age

question

Stonehenge

answer

Prehistoric monument in England constructed during the Neolithic Age

question

Agriculture

answer

Developed during Neolithic Age that allowed the beginning of permanent settlements

question

Rivers

answer

Where the first civilizations developed

question

Archaeology

answer

A scientific investigation of the cultural remains of people in the past

question

Sumer (Mesopotamia)

answer

First civilization that was along the Tigris & Euphrates rivers known for its development of the first writing system

question

Cuneiform

answer

"Wedge shaped" symbols, pressed into clay tablets known as the first writing system

question

Hieroglyphics

answer

Ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

question

Phoenicians

answer

A maritime people known for their shipbuilding and alphabet

question

Nubian Kush

answer

Were much like the Egyptians and is probably where the Egyptians obtained most of their culture.

question

Mesopotamia

answer

"Land between two rivers," home of the first civilization

question

Indus River Valley

answer

Known for their plumbing and organized pattern streets; where the Harrapan people lived

question

Judaism

answer

First monotheistic religion

question

Torah

answer

Sacred text of Judaism

question

Diaspora

answer

Exile of Jews from the Roman Empire

question

Jerusalem

answer

Holy city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims

question

Abraham

answer

Father of the Hebrews

question

Moses

answer

Hebrew prophet who led the Hebrews from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus

question

Road System

answer

The Persians, Romans, and Incans were all known for having an extensive...

question

Persian Empire

answer

an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC

question

Cyrus the Great

answer

Persian emperor who led by toleration

question

Zoroastrianism

answer

Monotheistic religion of the Persian Empire, which emphasized on Good vs. Evil and the belief in their one deity: Ahuramazda

question

Himalayas

answer

Mountain range that stretches between India and China

question

Hinduism

answer

A religion developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms.

question

Karma

answer

(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation

question

Dharma

answer

In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties

question

Caste System

answer

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life

question

Aryans

answer

An Indo-European people who crossed into India around 1500 BC

question

Vedas and Upanishads

answer

Sacred writings of Hinduism

question

Moksha

answer

Hindu concept of the salvation of the soul.

question

Buddhism

answer

A belief system based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, which stress freeing oneself from worldly desires.

question

Siddhartha Guatama

answer

A prince who founded Buddhism, and gave up his power to become enlightened.

question

Eightfold Path

answer

In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering

question

Four Noble Truths

answer

1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path

question

Mauryan Empire

answer

This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.

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Asoka

answer

King of the Maurya dynasty. He ruled nearly the entire subcontinent of India. He also was instrumental in the spread of Buddhism after his conversion.

question

Gupta Empire

answer

Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism

question

Qin Shi Huangdi

answer

He was the Chinese emperor who founded the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.). He created the first united(combined) Chinese empire and began construction of the Great Wall of China. His name means first emperor.

question

Imperial Bureaucracy

answer

Type of government of the Persian Empire

question

Confucianism

answer

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes proper behavior and education

question

Daoism (Taoism)

answer

Philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu advocating a simple honest life and harmony with nature

question

Legalism

answer

Chinese belief: strict, harsh rule; obey laws or else!

question

Colonization

answer

Overpopulation and lack of fertile soil in Greece lead to this

question

Athens

answer

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

question

Sparta

answer

Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves (helots) for agriculture

question

Balkan Peninsula

answer

Greece is located on this peninsula

question

City-States

answer

A political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages

question

Polis

answer

A Greek city-state

question

Greek Mythology

answer

religion in which factors of life are represented by gods or goddesses

question

Persian Wars

answer

5th century B.C.E wars between the Persian empire and Greek city-states; Greek victories allowed Greek civilization to define identity and lead to Athens' Golden Age.

question

Golden Age of Athens

answer

a period of growth in ancient Athens in intellectual & and artistic learning, including drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, & science

question

Euclid

answer

"Father of Geometry"

question

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

answer

Philosophers of ancient Greece, examined beliefs creating a question answer method

question

Homer

answer

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

question

Phidias

answer

Athenian sculptor who supervise the building of the Parthenon. built a statue of zeus at olympia was one of the seven wonders of the world

question

Pericles

answer

(495? BCE-429? BCE) Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker. Athens City-State of Ancient Greece and center of Greek golden age that occurred in the 5th century BCE.

question

Parthenon

answer

A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It was built in the 5th century BCE, during the Athenian golden age.

question

Peloponnesian War

answer

(431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.

question

Phillip II

answer

336 BC, was an ancient Greek king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336. He was the father of Alexander the Great.

question

Alexander the Great

answer

son of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world

question

Hellenistic Age

answer

324-200 BC; period of Greek history marked by great political and cultural change; ruled by Alexander the Great

question

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

answer

Three forms of Greek columns that represent what is still known as classical architecture. Doric is the simplest; Corinthian is the most elaborate.

question

Direct Democracy

answer

Athenian form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

question

Oligarchy

answer

Spartan government ruled by a few powerful people

question

Italian Peninsula

answer

A boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe extending into the Mediterranean Sea

question

Mediterranean Sea and Alps Mountains

answer

Both provide natural protection for Rome

question

Roman Mythology

answer

like Greek mythology, it was based on a polytheistic religion that was integral to culture, politics and art

question

Punic Wars

answer

A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.

question

Scipio

answer

Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)

question

Hannibal

answer

Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.

question

Republic

answer

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

question

First Triumvirate

answer

Included Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar. Is a government by three people with equal power. Crassus was killed. Caesar became dictator

question

Julius Caesar

answer

100-44 BC. Roman general who ended Roman Republic. Conquered Gaul with his powerful army. Made himself Roman dictator in 46 BC. Assassinated by 14 senators in 44 BC because he was too powerful.

question

Octavian

answer

Adopted grandnephew of Julius Caesar, later called Augustus Caesar

question

Augustus Caesar

answer

The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace

question

Marc Antony and Cleopatra

answer

Competitors for Caesar's position after he dies vs. his grand nephew Octavian. They lose in the Battle of Actium.

question

Pax Romana

answer

200 year period of peace in Rome.

question

Mandate of Heaven

answer

A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source

question

Huang He River

answer

"river of sorrows" floods; located in the north east, very long. Also called the "yellow river".

question

Indus River

answer

A river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea, the earliest Indian civilization began in the valley of this river

question

Nile River

answer

Benevolent river running south to north; flooded regularly every year; source of life for Egyptians; yearly flooding refurbished land with silt.

question

Coined money, Paper, Silk, Porcelain

answer

Four major inventions of ancient China

question

Silk Road

answer

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire.

question

Royal Road

answer

A road for the government use built by the ancient Persian ruler Darius which helped unite the empire

question

Edict of Milan

answer

(313 CE) Proclamation by the Roman Emperor Constantine outlawing the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

question

Christianity

answer

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

question

Plebeians

answer

Farmers and workers who made up most of the Roman Population

question

Patricians

answer

Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society

question

Consuls

answer

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies

question

Constantine

answer

(274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire.

question

Diocletian

answer

(245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.

question

Roman Colosseum

answer

used for Gladiator fights, housed 50,000 people, the first and largest amphitheater to be built in Rome

question

Pantheon

answer

A domed temple in Rome that was completed in 27 BCE to worship all of the gods

question

Fall of the Roman Empire

answer

Social, Political and Economic problems, plus invasions by Germanic tribes lead to this

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question

Cultural Diffusion

answer

The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another

question

Homo Sapiens

answer

Modern Humans

question

Africa

answer

Continent where Homo Sapiens emerged

question

South America

answer

Continent where Homo Sapiens migrated LAST

question

Adaptations to environment

answer

Igloos Caves Mud Huts Grass Huts

question

Paleolithic Age

answer

Old Stone Age

question

Neolithic Age

answer

New Stone Age

question

Stonehenge

answer

Prehistoric monument in England constructed during the Neolithic Age

question

Agriculture

answer

Developed during Neolithic Age that allowed the beginning of permanent settlements

question

Rivers

answer

Where the first civilizations developed

question

Archaeology

answer

A scientific investigation of the cultural remains of people in the past

question

Sumer (Mesopotamia)

answer

First civilization that was along the Tigris & Euphrates rivers known for its development of the first writing system

question

Cuneiform

answer

"Wedge shaped" symbols, pressed into clay tablets known as the first writing system

question

Hieroglyphics

answer

Ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds

question

Phoenicians

answer

A maritime people known for their shipbuilding and alphabet

question

Nubian Kush

answer

Were much like the Egyptians and is probably where the Egyptians obtained most of their culture.

question

Mesopotamia

answer

"Land between two rivers," home of the first civilization

question

Indus River Valley

answer

Known for their plumbing and organized pattern streets; where the Harrapan people lived

question

Judaism

answer

First monotheistic religion

question

Torah

answer

Sacred text of Judaism

question

Diaspora

answer

Exile of Jews from the Roman Empire

question

Jerusalem

answer

Holy city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims

question

Abraham

answer

Father of the Hebrews

question

Moses

answer

Hebrew prophet who led the Hebrews from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus

question

Road System

answer

The Persians, Romans, and Incans were all known for having an extensive...

question

Persian Empire

answer

an empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC

question

Cyrus the Great

answer

Persian emperor who led by toleration

question

Zoroastrianism

answer

Monotheistic religion of the Persian Empire, which emphasized on Good vs. Evil and the belief in their one deity: Ahuramazda

question

Himalayas

answer

Mountain range that stretches between India and China

question

Hinduism

answer

A religion developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms.

question

Karma

answer

(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation

question

Dharma

answer

In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties

question

Caste System

answer

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life

question

Aryans

answer

An Indo-European people who crossed into India around 1500 BC

question

Vedas and Upanishads

answer

Sacred writings of Hinduism

question

Moksha

answer

Hindu concept of the salvation of the soul.

question

Buddhism

answer

A belief system based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, which stress freeing oneself from worldly desires.

question

Siddhartha Guatama

answer

A prince who founded Buddhism, and gave up his power to become enlightened.

question

Eightfold Path

answer

In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering

question

Four Noble Truths

answer

question

Mauryan Empire

answer

This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya.

question

Asoka

answer

King of the Maurya dynasty. He ruled nearly the entire subcontinent of India. He also was instrumental in the spread of Buddhism after his conversion.

question

Gupta Empire

answer

Golden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism

question

Qin Shi Huangdi

answer

question

Imperial Bureaucracy

answer

Type of government of the Persian Empire

question

Confucianism

answer

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes proper behavior and education

question

Daoism (Taoism)

answer

Philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu advocating a simple honest life and harmony with nature

question

Legalism

answer

Chinese belief: strict, harsh rule; obey laws or else!

question

Colonization

answer

Overpopulation and lack of fertile soil in Greece lead to this

question

Athens

answer

A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.

question

Sparta

answer

Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves (helots) for agriculture

question

Balkan Peninsula

answer

Greece is located on this peninsula

question

City-States

answer

A political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages

question

Polis

answer

A Greek city-state

question

Greek Mythology

answer

religion in which factors of life are represented by gods or goddesses

question

Persian Wars

answer

5th century B.C.E wars between the Persian empire and Greek city-states; Greek victories allowed Greek civilization to define identity and lead to Athens' Golden Age.

question

Golden Age of Athens

answer

a period of growth in ancient Athens in intellectual & and artistic learning, including drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, & science

question

Euclid

answer

"Father of Geometry"

question

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

answer

Philosophers of ancient Greece, examined beliefs creating a question answer method

question

Homer

answer

A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

question

Phidias

answer

Athenian sculptor who supervise the building of the Parthenon. built a statue of zeus at olympia was one of the seven wonders of the world

question

Pericles

answer

question

Parthenon

answer

A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It was built in the 5th century BCE, during the Athenian golden age.

question

Peloponnesian War

answer

(431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north.

question

Phillip II

answer

336 BC, was an ancient Greek king of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336. He was the father of Alexander the Great.

question

Alexander the Great

answer

question

Hellenistic Age

answer

324-200 BC; period of Greek history marked by great political and cultural change; ruled by Alexander the Great

question

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

answer

Three forms of Greek columns that represent what is still known as classical architecture. Doric is the simplest; Corinthian is the most elaborate.

question

Direct Democracy

answer

Athenian form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

question

Oligarchy

answer

Spartan government ruled by a few powerful people

question

Italian Peninsula

answer

A boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe extending into the Mediterranean Sea

question

Mediterranean Sea and Alps Mountains

answer

Both provide natural protection for Rome

question

Roman Mythology

answer

like Greek mythology, it was based on a polytheistic religion that was integral to culture, politics and art

question

Punic Wars

answer

A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean.

question

Scipio

answer

Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)

question

Hannibal

answer

Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.

question

Republic

answer

A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

question

First Triumvirate

answer

Included Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar. Is a government by three people with equal power. Crassus was killed. Caesar became dictator

question

Julius Caesar

answer

100-44 BC. Roman general who ended Roman Republic. Conquered Gaul with his powerful army. Made himself Roman dictator in 46 BC. Assassinated by 14 senators in 44 BC because he was too powerful.

question

Octavian

answer

Adopted grandnephew of Julius Caesar, later called Augustus Caesar

question

Augustus Caesar

answer

The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace

question

Marc Antony and Cleopatra

answer

Competitors for Caesar's position after he dies vs. his grand nephew Octavian. They lose in the Battle of Actium.

question

Pax Romana

answer

200 year period of peace in Rome.

question

Mandate of Heaven

answer

A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source

question

Huang He River

answer

"river of sorrows" floods; located in the north east, very long. Also called the "yellow river".

question

Indus River

answer

A river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea, the earliest Indian civilization began in the valley of this river

question

Nile River

answer

Benevolent river running south to north; flooded regularly every year; source of life for Egyptians; yearly flooding refurbished land with silt.

question

Coined money, Paper, Silk, Porcelain

answer

Four major inventions of ancient China

question

Silk Road

answer

An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire.

question

Royal Road

answer

A road for the government use built by the ancient Persian ruler Darius which helped unite the empire

question

Edict of Milan

answer

(313 CE) Proclamation by the Roman Emperor Constantine outlawing the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.

question

Christianity

answer

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

question

Plebeians

answer

Farmers and workers who made up most of the Roman Population

question

Patricians

answer

Powerful landowners who controlled Roman government and society

question

Consuls

answer

Two officials from the patrician class were appointed each year of the Roman Republic to supervise the government and command the armies

question

Constantine

answer

question

Diocletian

answer

(245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.

question

Roman Colosseum

answer

used for Gladiator fights, housed 50,000 people, the first and largest amphitheater to be built in Rome

question

Pantheon

answer

A domed temple in Rome that was completed in 27 BCE to worship all of the gods

question

Fall of the Roman Empire

answer

Social, Political and Economic problems, plus invasions by Germanic tribes lead to this

World History 1 SOL Review, Part 1 – Flashcards

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