World Geography A & B – Flashcards

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latitude
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Circles the earth parallel to the Equator and measures the distance north or south of the Equator in degrees. Also called parallels.
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grid system
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Lines on globes and maps that cross one another, forming a pattern. Helps you find locations on a map.
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longitude
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Circle the earth from Pole to Pole. Measure distances east or west of the Prime Meridian. Also called Meridians.
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planar projection
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Shows the earth centered in such a way that a straight line coming from the center to any other point represents the shortest distance.
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cylindrical projection
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Based on the projection of the globe onto a cylinder, most accurate near the Equator.
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geographic information system
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Computer software used to create maps. The software is usually designed to accept data from many different sources.
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prime meridian
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Starting line of longitude, lies at 0 degrees longitude.
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conic projection
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Comes from placing a cone over part of a globe, best suited for showing limited east-west areas that are not too far from the Equator.
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cartographer
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A mapmaker.
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key
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A list that explains what symbols on a map stand for.
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compass rose
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Marker that indicates directions on a map.
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absolute location
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Found at the precise point where one line of latitude crosses a line of longitude.
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relative location
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Location of one place in relation to another place.
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political map
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Shows the boundaries between countries.
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physical map
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Shows the location and the shape of Earth's physical features.
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cardinal directions
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North, south, east, west.
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special purpose maps
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Emphasize a single idea or a particular kind of information about an area.
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Scale bar
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Shows the relationship between map measurements and actual distances
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intermediate direction
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Northwest, northeast, southwest, southeast
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Tropic of Cancer
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The line of latitude situated at 23 1/2 degrees N latitude
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Tropics
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all the land and water on Earth situated between 23 1/2 degrees N latitude and 23 1/2 degrees S latitude
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North Pole
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The most northern point on Earth
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Right
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When you face north, east is to your
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Eastern Hemisphere
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The part east of the prime meridian
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Hydrosphere
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The watery areas of the earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water.
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Lithosphere
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Surface land areas of the earth's crust, including continents and ocean basins.
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Atmosphere
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A layer of gases that surrounds the earth.
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Continental Shelf
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The part of a continent that extends underwater
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Mantle
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Thick middle layer of the earth's interior structure, consisting of dense, hot rock.
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Continental Drift
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The theory that the continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart
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Magma
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Molten rock that is pushed up from the earth's mantle.
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Plate Tectonics
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The term scientists use to describe the activities of continental drift and magma flow which create many of Earth's physical features.
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Subduction
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A process by which mountains can form as sea plates dive beneath continental plates
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Fault
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A crack or break in the earth's crust
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Weathering
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Chemical or physical processes, such as freezing, that break down rocks.
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Erosion
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Wearing away of the earth's surface by wind, flowing water, or glaciers.
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Glacier
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Large body of ice that moves across the surface of the earth
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Evaporation
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Process of converting into vapor
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Condensation
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The process of excess water vapor changing into liquid water when warm air cools.
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Precipitation
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Moisture that falls to the earth as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
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Desalination
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The removal of salt from seawater to make it usable for drinking and farming.
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Climate
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Weather patterns typical for an area over a long period of time
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Axis
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An imaginary line that runs through the center of the earth between the North and South Poles.
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Temperature
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Degree of hotness or coldness measured on a set scale, such as Fahrenheit or Celsius.
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Revolution
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In astronomy, the earth's yearly trip around the sun, taking 364 1/4 days.
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Equinox
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One of two days (about March 21 and September 23) on which the sun is directly above the Equator, making day and night equal length
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Solstice
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One of two days (about June 21 and December 22) on which the sun's rays directly on the Tropic of Cancer or Tropic of Capricorn, marking the beginning of summer or winter
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Greenhouse Effect
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The capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere to trap heat, thereby warming the earth.
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Global Warming
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Gradual warming of the earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in the greenhouse effect.
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Coriolis Effect
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An effect that causes the prevailing winds to blow diagonally rather than along strict north-south or east-west lines.
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Current
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cold or warm stream of seawater that flows in the oceans, generally in a circular pattern.
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El Nino
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A periodic reversal of the pattern of ocean currents and water temperatures in the mid-Pacific region.
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Rain Shadow
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Dry area found on the leeward side of mountain range.
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Natural Vegetation
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Plant life that grows in a certain area if people have not changed the natural environment.
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Coniferous
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Trees such as evergreens that have cones and needle shaped leaves, and keep their foliage throughout the winter.
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Deciduous
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Trees, usually broad leaved such as oak and maple, that lose their leaves in autumn.
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Mixed Forest
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Forest with both coniferous and deciduous trees.
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Prairie
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An inland grassland area.
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Water Cycle
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Regular movement of water from ocean to air to ground and back to the ocean
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Groundwater
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Water within the earth that supplies wells and springs.
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Aquifer
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Underground water bearing layers of porous rock, sand, or gravel
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Culture
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Way of life of a group of people who share beliefs and similar customs.
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Doubling Time
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The number of years it takes a population to double in size.
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Migration
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The movement of people from place to place
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Death Rate
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The number of deaths per year for every 1,000 people
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Birthrate
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The number of births per year for every 1,000 people.
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Natural Increase
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The growth rate of a population; the difference between birthrate and death rate.
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Traditional Economy
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A system in which tradition and custom control all economic activity; exists in only a few parts of the world today.
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Population Distribution
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The pattern of population in a country, a continent, or the world.
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Ethnic Group
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Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics
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Language Family
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Group of related languages that have all developed from one earlier language
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Culture Region
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Division of the earth based on a variety of factors, including government, social groups, economic systems, language, or religion.
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Cultural Diffusion
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The spread of new knowledge and skills from one culture to another.
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Culture Hearth
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A center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward
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Population Density
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The average number of people in a square mile or square kilometer.
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Unitary System
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A government in which all key powers are given to the national or central government.
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Federal System
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Form of government in which powers are divided between the national government and the state or provincial government.
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Autocracy
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Government in which a single individual possesses the power and authority to rule.
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Oligarchy
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System of government in which a small group holds power.
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Democracy
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Any system of government in which leaders rule with consent of the citizens.
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Market Economy
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An economic system based on free enterprise, in which businesses are privately owned, and production and prices are determined by supply and demand.
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Mixed Economy
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An economy in which the government supports and regulates enterprise through decisions that affect the marketplace.
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Command Economy
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Economic system in which economic decisions about production and distribution are made by some central authority.
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Natural Resource
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Substance from the earth that is not made by people but can be used by them
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Developed Country
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Country that has a great deal of technology and manufacturing
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Developing Country
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Country in the process of becoming industrialized.
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Industrialization
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Transition from an agricultural society to one based on industry.
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Pollution
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The existence of impure, unclean, or poisonous substances in the air, water, or land.
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How long is the U.S. from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean?
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3,000 miles
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Who were the first people to live in the United States?
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Native Americans
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What is the Southeast's principle city?
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Atlanta
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What was the natural resource that brought over 100,000 people to California in the 1800's?
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Gold
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The Pacific West region is the nation's gateway to?
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Asia
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How many provinces is Canada divided into?
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10
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What are the two official languages of Canada?
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English and French
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What natural resource covers over 50 percent of Canada?
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Forest
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What is the predominant influence of the culture in the Atlantic Provinces?
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Scottish, British, Irish
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What Northern territory was added by the Canadian government in 1999?
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Nunavut
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Divide
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A high point or ridge that determines the direction rivers flow.
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Headwaters
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The sources of rivers waters.
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Hurricane
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A large, powerful windstorm that forms over warm ocean waters.
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Tributary
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Smaller river or stream that feeds into a larger river.
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Blizzard
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A snowstorm with winds of more than 35 mph, temperatures below freezing, and visibility of lass than 500 feet for 3 hours or more.
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Prairie
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An inland grassland area.
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Natural Vegetation
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Plant life that grows in a certain area if people have not changed the natural environment.
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Timberline
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Elevation above which it is too cold for trees to grow.
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Canadian Shield
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A giant core of rock centered on the Hudson and James Bays, that anchors the continent of North America.
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In which ocean is the only island state located?
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Pacific Ocean
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What ocean lies east of the United States?
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Atlantic Ocean
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What is the large body of water west of Florida that is an extension of the Atlantic Ocean?
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Gulf of Mexico
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What bay is located just east of our nation's capital?
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Chesapeake Bay
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What is the river west of the Appalachians that forms a border between Indiana and Kentucky?
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Ohio River
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What is the name of the river that forms a border between Mexico and the United States?
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Rio Grande
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What river runs east from Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Ocean?
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St. Lawrence River
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What is the name of the landform just north of 40' north latitude that juts out into the Atlantic Ocean like a giant fishhook?
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Cape Cod
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What is the main mountain chain that runs through the eastern United States?
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Appalachian Mountains
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What is the mountain range that runs through the western United States?
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Rocky Mountains
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What is the tallest mountain in Alaska?
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Mt. McKinley
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What is the tallest mountain in California?
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Mt. Whitney
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What abundant resources are around Houston, Tx?
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Oil
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What part of the United States is most densely populated?
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East Coast
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What is the huge expanse of flatlands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River?
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Great Plains
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What large body of water lies north of Canada?
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Arctic Ocean
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What large bay lies north of Ontario?
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Hudson Bay
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What mountain range in Canada lies east of the Yukon Territory?
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Mackenzie Mountains
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What mountain range runs along the West Coast of Canada?
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Alaska Range Coast Mountains
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What lake lies south of Ontario?
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Lake Superior
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What lake lies between the Mackenzie River and the Northwest Territory?
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Great Bear Lake
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What lake does the Mackenzie River empty into?
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Great Slave Lake
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What body of water does the Nelson River flow into?
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Lake Winnipeg
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What ocean lies to the West of Canada?
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Pacific Ocean
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What ocean lies to the East of Canada?
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Atlantic Ocean
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What Canadian river flows into Lake Ontario?
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St. Lawrence River
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What island lies south of Baffin Bay?
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Baffin Island
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According to the map what is the most populated city in Canada?
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Toronto
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In which Canadian province is Calgary located?
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Alberta
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Where is most of Canada's coal deposits located?
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Northwest Territories
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Immigrants
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People who move into another country.
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Native Americans
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North America's first immigrant, who probably moved into the region from Asia thousands of years ago.
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Metropolitan Area
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Region that includes a central city and its surrounding suburbs.
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Mobility
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Able to move from place to place.
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Amendment
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In U.S. history, official changes made to the U.S. Constitution.
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Sun Belt
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Mild climate region in the southern United States.
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Suburb
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Outlying communities around a city.
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Republic
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Form of government without a monarch in which people elect their officials.
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Bill of Rights
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The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
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Urbanization
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The movement of people from rural area into cities.
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Megalopolis
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A "super-city" that is made up of several large and small cities such as the area between Boston and Washington D.C.
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Cabinet
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Heads of departments in the U.S. government who advise the President.
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Bilingual
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Speaking or using two languages
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Constitution
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Plan of government made for the United States.
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Parliament
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In Canada, national legislature made up of the Senate and the House of Commons.
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Jazz
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Musical form that developed in the United States in the early 1900's; blending African rhythms and European harmonies.
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Patriotism
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Love for or devotion to one's country.
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Dry Farming
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Farming method used in dry regions in which land is plowed and planted deeply to hold water in the soil.
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Literacy Rate
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The percentage of people in a given place who can read and write.
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Post-Industrial
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An economy with less emphasis on heavy industry and manufacturing and more emphasis on services and technology.
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Commodity
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Goods produced for sale.
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Retooling
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Converting old factories for use in new industries.
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Pipeline
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Long network of underground or above ground pipes.
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Monopoly
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Total control of a type of industry by one person or one company.
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Trade Deficit
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Spending more money on imports than earning from exports.
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Tariff
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A tax on imports or exports.
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Trade Surplus
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Earning more money from export sales than spending for imports.
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Clear Cutting
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Cutting down whole forests when removing timber
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Smog
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Haze caused by the interaction of ultraviolet solar radiation with chemical fumes from automobile exhausts and other pollution sources.
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Ground Water
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Water within the earth that supplies wells and springs.
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Eutrophication
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Process by which a body of water becomes too rich in dissolved nutrients, leading to plant growth that depletes oxygen.
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What are Mexico and South America defined by?
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Rugged mountain chains
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What is a major way of life for the people of Latin America?
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Farming
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How long are the Andes Mountains
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4,500 miles
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The Amazon River flows from ________________________ to ___________________.
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Peru, Atlantic Ocean
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Cordillera
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Parallel chains or ranges of mountains.
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Tierra Frio
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Spanish term for "cold land", the highest altitude zone of Latin Americas highlands climate.
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Canopy
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Top layer of a rain forest, where the tops of tall trees form a continuous layer of leaves.
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Altiplano
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Spanish for "high plain," a region in Peru and Bolivia encircled by the Andes peaks.
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Hydroelectric Power
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Electrical energy generated by falling water.
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Escarpment
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Steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface.
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Tierra Caliente
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Spanish term for "hot land", the lowest altitude zone of Latin American highlands climate.
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Llano
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Fertile plains in inland areas of Colombia and Venezuela.
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Tierra Templada
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The middle-elevation forest zone in the mountains of Central and South America.
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Pampas
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Grassy, treeless plains of southern South America.
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What river cuts through the desert and forms a border between Mexico and the United States?
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Rio Grande
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What mountains in the western portion of South America run roughly parallel to the Pacific coast for more than 5,000 miles?
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Andes Mountains
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What is the main mountain range in western Mexico that runs roughly parallel to the Pacific coast?
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Sierra Madre Occidental
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What is the huge plateau that covers most of central Mexico and is surrounded by mountains?
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Mexican Plateau
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What are the highlands in the northern portion of South America that separate Venezuela, Suriname, and French Guiana from Brazil?
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Guiana Highlands
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What is the large lake in the northern tip of South America that has a small opening into the Atlantic Ocean?
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Lake Maracaibo
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What is the large peninsula in Mexico that extends into the Gulf of Mexico?
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Yucatan Peninsula
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What is the long river in South America that winds from Peru through northern Brazil and empties into the Atlantic Ocean?
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Amazon River
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What is the main mountain range in eastern Mexico that begins south of the Rio Grande?
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Sierra Madre Oriental
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What is the plain that extends through northern Argentina, Paraguay, and southern Bolivia?
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Gran Chaco
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What is the desert located in northern Chile that is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Andes Mountains to the east?
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Atacama Desert
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What is the estuary on the southeast coast of South America formed by the meeting of the Parana and Uruguay Rivers?
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Rio de la Plata
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What is the archipelago, or chain of islands, located at the southern tip of South America that is divided between Chile and Argentina?
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Tierra del Fuego
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What is the isthmus, or narrow strip of land, that connects Central and South America?
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Isthmus of Panama
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What is the lake situated high in the Andes Mountains that forms part of the border between Peru and Bolivia?
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Lake Titicaca
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Gaucho
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The cowhands of Argentina and Uruguay
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Indigenous
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Native to a place
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Primate City
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A city that dominates a country's economy, culture, and government and in which population is concentrated; usually the capital
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Viceroy
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Representative of the Spanish monarch appointed to enforce laws in colonial Latin America.
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Malnutrition
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Faulty or inadequate nutrition
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Dialect
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Local form of a language used in a particular place or by a certain group.
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Glyph
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Picture writing carved in stone.
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Caudillo
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A Latin American political leader from the late 1800's on, often a military dictator.
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Futbol
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Spanish term for soccer.
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Chinampas
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Floating farming islands made by the Aztecs.
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Syncretism
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A blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith.
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Jai alia
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Traditional handball-type game popular with Mexican and Cubans.
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Megacity
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Cities with more than 10 million people.
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Quipu
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Knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records.
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Mural
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Wall painting.
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Conquistador
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Spanish term for "conqueror," referring to soldiers who conquered Native American in Latin America.
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Mosaic
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Picture or design made with small pieces of colored stone, glass, shell, or tile.
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What diseases are believed to have been brought to the New World?
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Small pox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever, diphtheria, dysentery and influenza
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5 items that originated in the Americas and were introduced to Europe, Africa, and Asia
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Maize, potatoes, tomatoes, peanuts and squash
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Latifundia
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In Latin America, large agricultural estates owned by families or corporations.
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Export
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Commodities sent from one country to another for purposes of trade.
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Campesino
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Farm workers; generally, people who live and work in rural areas.
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Cash Crop
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Farm crop grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family.
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Minifundia
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In Latin America, small farms that produce food chiefly for family use.
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Shantytown
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Makeshift communities on the edges of cities.
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Deforestation
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The loss or destruction of forests, mainly for logging or farming.
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North American Free Trade Agreement
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Trade agreement made in 1994 by Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
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Maquiladoras
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In Mexico, manufacturing plants set up by foreign firms.
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Sustainable Development
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Technological and economic growth that does not deplete the human and natural resources of a given area.
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Slash-and-Burn
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Traditional farming method in which all trees and plants in an area are cut and burned to add nutrients to the soil.
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Service Industry
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Business that provides a service instead of making goods.
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Reforestation
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Replanting young trees or seeds on lands where trees have been cut or destroyed.
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Glaciation
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The process whereby glaciers form and spread.
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Loess
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Fine, yellowish-brown topsoil made up of particles of silt and clay, usually carried by the wind.
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Mistral
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Strong northerly wind from the Alps that can bring cold air to southern France.
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Fjords
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Long, steep-sided glacial valley now filled by seawater.
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Dikes
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Large banks of earth and stone that hold back water.
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Sirocco
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Hot desert wind that can blow air and dust from North Africa to western Europe's Mediterranean coast.
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Polders
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Low-lying area from which seawater has been drained to create new farmland
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Timberline
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Elevation above which it is too cold for trees to grow.
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Chaparral
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Type of vegetation made up of dense forests of shrubs and short trees, common in Mediterranean climates.
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Permafrost
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Permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground.
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Avalanches
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Mass of ice, snow, or rock that slides down a mountainside.
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What is the name of the large body of water that separates North and South America from Europe and Africa?
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Atlantic Ocean
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What is the body of water that lies between the British Isles and the Scandinavian Peninsula?
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North Sea
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What is the capital of the United Kingdom?
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London
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What is the name of the river that flows eastward through England and empties into the North Sea?
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Thames River
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What is the name of the body of water between southern England and northern France that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the North Sea?
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English Channel
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What is the name of the river in northern France that flows through the city of Paris?
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Seine River
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What is the capital of France?
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Paris
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What is the name of the mountain range that runs along the border of France and Spain?
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Pyrenees
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What is the name of the river that originates in central Spain and empties into the Atlantic Ocean near Lisbon?
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Tagus River
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What is the capital of Portugal?
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Lisbon
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What is the name of the large body of water surrounded by Europe, Africa, and Asia?
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Mediterranean Sea
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What is the name of the river that begins in the Alps, flows through or borders eight European countries, and empties into the Black Sea?
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Danube River
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What large body of water separates southeastern Europe from Southwest Asia?
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Black Sea
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What is the name of the large body of water that lies between Poland and Sweden?
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Baltic Sea
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What mountain range extends in an arc from the Mediterranean coast through Switzerland and Austria?
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Alps Mountains
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What is the capital of Italy?
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Rome
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What is the name of the arm of the Mediterranean Sea that is located between Italy and the Balkan Peninsula?
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Adriatic Sea
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What is the capital of the Netherlands?
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Amsterdam
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What is the name of the river that originates in the Alps in Switzerland and flows into the North Sea in the Netherlands?
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Rhine River
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What is the name of the river that originates in the Swiss Alps and flows through France and into the Mediterranean Sea near the city of Marseilles?
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Rhone River
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Lake Constance forms a border between
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Switzerland and Germany
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Since Europe and Asia are not separated, geographers call it
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Eurasia
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navigable river
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a river that is boats can travel for long distances.
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Much of Spain is a
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Plateau
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The Alps are classified as having what type of climate?
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Highland
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Crusades
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Series of religious wars (A.D. 1100-1300) in which European Christians tried to retake Palestine.
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Reparations
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A payment for damages.
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Communism
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Society based on equality in which workers would control industrial production.
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Ethnic Cleansing
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The expelling from a country or killing of rival ethnic groups.
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Renaissance
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A cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries in Europe.
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Cold War
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Power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II.
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Holocaust
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The mass killings of 6 million Jews by Germany's Nazi leaders during World War II.
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Refugee
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One who flees his or her home for safety.
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Middle Ages
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The period of European history from about A.D 500 to about 1500.
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Industrial Capitalism
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An economic system in which business leaders use profits to expand their companies.
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Feudalism
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In medieval Europe, system of government in which powerful lords gave land to nobles in return for pledges of loyalty.
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Good Friday Peace Agreement
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Paved the way for Protestant and Roman Catholic communities to share political power in Northern Ireland.
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European Union
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An organization whose goal is to unite Europe so that goods, services, and workers can move freely among member countries.
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Romanticism
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Artistic style emphasizing individual emotions that developed in Europe in the late 1700's and early 1800's as a reaction to industrialization.
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Realism
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Artistic style portraying everyday life that developed in Europe during the mid-1800's.
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Welfare State
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Nation in which the government assumes major responsibility for people's welfare in areas such as health and education.
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Enlightenment
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A movement during the 1700's, emphasizing the importance of reason and questioning traditions and values.
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Reformation
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Religious movement that began in Germany in the 1400's, leading to the establishment of Protestant churches.
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Impressionism
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Artistic style that developed in Europe in the late 1800's and tried to show the natural appearance of objects with dabs or strokes of color.
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Heavy Industry
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The manufacture of machinery and equipment needed for factories and mines.
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Organic Farming
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The use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops.
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Environmentalist
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Person actively concerned with the quality and protection of the environment.
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Global Warming
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Gradual warming of the earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in the greenhouse effect.
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Biologists
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Scientist who studies plant and animal life.
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Meltwater
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Water formed by melting snow and ice.
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Acid Rain
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Precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved acids which damage buildings, forests, and crops, and kills wildlife.
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State Farm
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Under communism, a state-owned farm managed by government officials.
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Light Industry
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Manufacturing aimed at making consumer goods such as textiles or food processing rather than heavy machinery.
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Acid Deposition
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Wet or dry airborne acids that fall to the earth.
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Maastricht Treaty
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A 1992 meeting of European governments in Maastricht, the Netherlands, that formed the European Union.
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Farm Cooperative
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Organization in which farmers share in growing and selling farm products.
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Genetically Modified Foods
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Foods whose genes have been altered to make them grow bigger or faster or more resistant to pests.
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Mixed Farming
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Raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm.
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Collective Farming (kolkhoz)
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Under communism, a large, state owned farm on which farmers received wages plus a share of products and profits
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Chernozem
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Rich, black topsoil found in the North European Plain, especially in Russia and Ukraine
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Taiga
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Russian term for the vast subarctic forest, mostly evergreens, that covers much of Russia and Siberia.
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Tundra
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Vast, treeless plains in cold northern climates, characterized by permafrost and small, low plants, such as mosses and shrubs.
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Steppe
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Wide, grassy plains of Eurasia; also, similar semi-arid climate regions elsewhere.
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Which mountain range, rising to the west of the Western Siberian Plains, separates Europe from Asia?
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Ural Mountains
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Which mountain range would you have to cross to travel by land from northern Iran to Moscow?
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Caucasus Mountains
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What is the enormous peninsula in eastern Siberia that extends into the Bering Sea?
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Chukchi Peninsula
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Which ocean lies north of Russia?
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Arctic Ocean
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In which body of water are islands of the United States and Russia serparated by only a few miles?
answer
Bering Sea
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Into what body of water do the Dnieper and Don rivers flow?
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Black Sea
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Which inland body of water borders both Iran and Russia?
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Caspian Sea
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What body of water lies east of the Caspian Sea?
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Aral Sea
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What is the body of water that borders Sweden, Russia, and Poland?
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Baltic Sea
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What river flows past Moscow to the Caspian Sea?
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Volga River
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Which river flows through the city of Kiev and empties into the Black Sea?
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Dnieper River
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Which major river, which flows into the Black Sea, is west of the Volga River and east of the Dnieper River?
answer
Don River
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Which plains lie east of the Ural Mountains?
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West Siberian Plain
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Which plateau lies east of the Ob River?
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Central Siberian Plateau
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What is the capital of Russia?
answer
Moscow
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Czar
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Ruler of Russia until the 1917 revolution.
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Cold War
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Power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II.
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Serf
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Laborer obliged to remain on the land where he or she works.
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Nationalities
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Large, distinct ethnic groups within a country.
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Perestroika
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In Russian, "restructuring"; part of Gorbachev's plan for reforming Soviet government
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Sovereignty
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Self-rule.
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Glasnost
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Russian term for a new "openness" part of Mikhail Gorbachev's reform plans.
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Socialism
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Political philosophy in which the government owns the means of production.
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Russification
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In 19th century Russia, a government program that required everyone in the empire to speak Russian and to become a Christian
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Patriarch
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The head of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Bolshevik
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A revolutionary group in Russia led by Vladimir Lenin.
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Intelligentsia
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Intellectual elite.
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Satellite
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A country controlled by another country, notably Eastern European countries controlled by the Soviet Union by the end of World War II.
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Socialist Realism
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Realistic style of are and literature that glorified Societ ideals and goals.
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Pogrom
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In czarist Russia, an attack on Jews carried out by government troops or officials.
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Consumer Goods
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Goods that directly satisfy human wants.
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Black Market
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Any illegal market where scarce or illegal goods are sold, usually at high prices.
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Sovkhozes
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In the Soviet Union, a large farm owned and run by the state.
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Privatization
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A change to private ownership of state owned companies and industries.
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Kolkhozes
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In the Soviet Union, a small farm worked by farmers who shared in the farm's production and profits.
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Radioactive Material
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Material contaminated by residue from the generation of nuclear energy.
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Nuclear Waste
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The by-product of producing nuclear power.
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Pesticides
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Chemical used to kill insects, rodents, and other pests.
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Where is the Chernobyl nuclear power plant located?
answer
northern Ukraine
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What countries sustained the most damage from the Chernobyl accident?
answer
Belarus
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Why is it inaccurate to say that only 31 people died as a result of the Chernobyl disaster?
answer
It is inaccurate to say that only 31 people died as a result of the Chernobyl disaster because only 31 people died of acute exposure. Thousands more have died of conditions caused by radiation several months or years after the accident.
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What are some of the other health factors that may obscure (hide) scientists' ability to determine the impact of the Chernobyl disaster on people of this region?
answer
Poverty, poor diet, lifestyles and fear of radiation are contributing factors to the health problems seen in the Chernobyl affected regions. The number of factors affecting the Chernobyl regions makes it hard for scientists to determine whether or not heath conditions were caused by the Chernobyl incident or something else.
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different types of cancer that have increased in the region.
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Thyroid cancer, leukemia, breast cancer and other miscellaneous cancers
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List diseases other than cancer that ate being linked to the accident
answer
Increases in nervous system disorders, cardiovascular diseases, bone and muscle disorders and diabetes
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What methods are being used to "contain'' the remains of the Chernobyl plant?
answer
97% of the radioactive materials from the Chernobyl plant remains inside a hastily constructed, crumbling sarcophagus. As of now, a new shelter is being constructed to hopefully contain the Chernobyl waste for 100 years. The project is set to finish in the year 2013.
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How many years did it take complete the Trans-Siberian Railway?
answer
25 years
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What physical features does the tras-siberian railway pass through?
answer
the Ural Mountains, crosses over the Irtysh, Ob, Enisey, and Lena Rivers and Baikal Lake.
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How is the Trans-Siberian railway similar to the Transcontinental Railroad in the U.S.?
answer
The Trans-Siberian Railway is similar to the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States by how they were constructed. Both the Trans-Siberian and the Transcontinental started construction at opposing ends and worked towards the middle.
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How has the completion of the railway effected the Russian economy?
answer
The railway stimulated the Russian economy. Siberia's almost non-existent economy exploded with the number of settlers traveling the railway. The settlers quickly cultivated the rich Siberian soil, doubling the sown area. The region quickly became one of Russia's major breadbaskets.
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