question

The writer who best gave expression to the sixteenth century preoccupation with political power was

answer

Niccolo Machiavelli.

question

Machiavelli's emphasis that the ends justify the means had been expressed earlier by

answer

India's Kautilya.

question

In the fifteenth century, the Italians especially the Venetians in their commercial empires were only rivaled by

answer

the Hansiatic League

question

The third estates included

answer

peasants, merchants, and artisans.

question

Peasants made up the overwhelming mass of the third estate except in

answer

Flanders and northern Italy.

question

By 1500, poor city-dwellers constituted ____ percent of the urban population.

answer

30-40

question

Which of the following was not a result of the development of printing in Europe?

answer

Chinese influence over European affairs rose sharply because of their invention of paper.

question

The most influential Christian humanist, who popularized the reform program of Christian humanism, was

answer

Desiderius Erasmus.

question

The individual who "laid the egg that Luther hatched" was

answer

Erasmus.

question

Among the complaints of religious Europeans around 1500 was

answer

the belief that the clergy were too interested in financial matters and disinterested in religion.

question

Which of the following was not a position taken by Martin Luther?

answer

Acts of good work are the sole source of salvation.

question

Luther's reforms included all of the following except

answer

clerical celibacy.

question

As a result of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg,

answer

Lutheranism became established as an alternative to Roman Catholicism in the Germanies.

question

The Institutes of the Christian Religion, a masterful synthesis of Protestant thought, was written by

answer

John Calvin.

question

The city most associated with Calvin is

answer

Geneva

question

John Calvin

answer

advaced the doctrine of predestination

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An important reason why Henry VIII broke with the Roman church was because

answer

he could not get Rome's permission to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon.

question

After Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was annulled by the Archbishop of Canterbury,

answer

Parliament finalized England's religious break with Rome by passing the Act of Supremacy, making Henry the head of the Anglican Church.

question

After the death of Henry VIII, England

answer

became more Protestant under Edward VI.

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Which of the following is not an accurate reference to Anabaptist ideas and practices?

answer

They saw government as a direct partner with religion in society.

question

Which of the following are correct statements about life in Protestant Europe in the 1500s and 1600s?

answer

Ministers were allowed to get married and have families.

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All of the following statements are correct except

answer

love was the major reason for marriage.

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All except which of the following would characterize the Jesuit order?

answer

It arranged a theological compromise with the Protestants.

question

The pope who began the reformation of the papacy was

answer

Paul III

question

The Council of Trent took the position that

answer

faith and good works were required for salvation.

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The Edict of Nantes

answer

legitimized Calvinist worship and permitted Calvinists to engage in politics in France.

question

The "most Catholic king" and the ruler who sparked a civil war in the Netherlands was

answer

Phillip II

question

Queen Elizabeth I

answer

successfully survived the Spanish armada.

question

Among the major elements underlying the Social Crisis of the 1600s was

answer

that the Mediterranean area entered a steep economic decline as silver imports from Spanish colonies declined.

question

All of the following were true about the witchcraft craze in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries except

answer

it was exclusively a big-city phenomenon.

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Advocates of "mercantilism" argued for all of the following except

answer

governments should abstain from any involvement in the economy.

question

The Thirty Years' War

answer

was ended by the signing of the Peace of Westphalia.

question

The European ruler who developed the first standing army of conscripts, notable for the flexibility of its tactics, was

answer

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.

question

The traditional example of seventeenth century absolutism has been the rule of

answer

Louis XIV.

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All of the following aided in the development of French absolutism except

answer

NOT NOT NOT putting down rebellious challenges to royal rule.

question

The legacy Louis XIV left to France was

answer

a nation that was financially destitute.

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After the Turks were defeated in 1687 all of Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia, and Slovenia came under Habsburg rule, thus establishing in southeastern Europe the

answer

Austrian Empire.

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The first Russian ruler who took the title of tsar, who expanded the territories of Russia to the east, and who crushed the power of the nobility was

answer

Ivan IV.

question

All of the following were policies of Peter the Great except

answer

isolating Russia from the ways and customs of western Europe.

question

James I alienated England's Parliament because of his advocacy of

answer

divine right of kings.

question

Puritans were all of the following except that

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they admired the Catholic elements in the Church of England

question

The only military genius of the English Civil War was

answer

Oliver Cromwell.

question

In England, during the period of the 1640s to 1660, all of the following occurred except

answer

after the death of Charles I, Cromwell became the new king of England.

question

The spark that began the Glorious Revolution was the

answer

birth of a son to James II.

question

As a result of the Glorious Revolution in England

answer

Parliament became a major participant in the running of the English government.

question

As a result of the Glorious Revolution, England became a

answer

constitutional monarchy.

question

The Baroque painting style was especially evident in the works of

answer

Peter Paul Rubens.

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The greatest figure of the Baroque was the architect and sculptor

answer

Bernini

question

Baroque artists sought to harmonize the

answer

ideals of Renaissance art with spiritual feelings of the religious reformations.

question

The golden age of English literature is represented by

answer

Shakespeare.

question

During the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the landholding nobles faced declining real incomes.

answer

True

question

The first true book produced from moveable type was Marco Polo's Travels.

answer

False

question

The major advocate of predestination was Martin Luther.

answer

False

question

The issue that drove Luther to writing his Ninety-Five Theses was the selling of indulgences.

answer

True

question

Where Lutheranism was established, the state played no role in supervising or overseeing the church.

answer

False

question

After the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church had a clear body of doctrine under the supremacy of the pope.

answer

True

question

Although world-wide trade increased in seventeenth century, local, regional, and intra-European trade still predominated.

answer

True

question

The greatest danger to Louis XIV's rule came from rebellious peasants.

answer

False

question

During England's Commonwealth era of the 1650s, Oliver Cromwell ruled as a military dictator.

answer

True

question

The artistic movement that dominated the Western artistic world during the seventeenth century was known as Neo-classical, inspired by the legacy of Greece and Rome.

answer

False

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