Week 9 Biology – Flashcards
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Which of the following is true about recombinant DNA?
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It contains DNA from at least 2 differernt sources
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While most cells in the body differentiate to become specific types of tissue cells, _____ cells retain their ability to become any other type of cell.
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stem
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Match the type of cloning with its purpose.
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reproductive= produces a genetically identical individual therapeutic- produces specialized tissue cells
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Which of the following enzymes have a role in recombinant DNA production?
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DNA ligases, restriction enzymes
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Transgenic organisms
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have had a cloned gene inserted into their genome.
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Genetic engineering includes the alteration of genomes for which of these purposes?
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industrial and medical
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DNA that contains genes from more than one source is called _____ DNA.
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recombinant
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A scientist seeking to study the complete genetic makeup of an organism is studying in the field of _____.
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genomics
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Which process compares DNA fragments, resulting from restriction enzyme cleavage, to identify relatedness between organisms?
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DNA fingerprinting
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Which of the following cell types is differentiated?
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specialized liver
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Embryonic stem cells are totipotent, meaning that they
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have the potential to become any other type of cell in an organism
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The field of _____ explores the structure and function of the cellular proteins, along with their interactions.
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proteomics
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Regions of DNA that are located between genes are called _____ DNA sequences.
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intergenic
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DNA is cut at specific points during production of recombinant DNA using which of these?
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restriction enzymes
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Choose the two main components necessary for the polymerase chain to occur.
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nucleotides DNA polymerase
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The purpose of ______ is to produce an individual genetically identical to the parent.
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reproductive cloning
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All the proteins that result from the translation of human genes into proteins are collectively called the human _____
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proteome
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Adult stem cells are best described as _____ because they have already begun to specialize and cannot be used to produce every type of cell in the organism.
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multipotent
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A plasmid is often used in biotechnology applications as a _____ to transfer foreign genetic material.
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vector
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Which of the following terms refers to the use of computer technologies to study the genome?
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bioinformatics
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The entire collection of proteins resulting from translation of genes is called a _____.
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proteome
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The desired end of therapeutic cloning is to
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produce mature cells for study and disease treatment.
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In comparing chromosome 22 in humans and chimpanzees, researchers determined genes for which of these may have influenced the evolution of humans?
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smell hearing speech
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Transgenic bacteria are used to produce which of the following products?
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insulin growth hormone hepatitis B vaccine
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The enzymes used to cut DNA at specific points during recombinant DNA production are called _____ enzymes.
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restriction
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In genetic engineering _____, such as plasmids are used to transfer foreign genetic material into a cell.
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vectors
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Which type of cloning seeks to produce an individual that is genetically identical to the parent organism?
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reproductive.
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Stem cells that have already started to specialize, and therefore are not able to produce every type of cell in an organism,are said to be _____
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multipotent
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Which of the following are direct applications of bioinformatics
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finding a relationship between overall genetic makeup and genetic disorders determining the function of genes
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Study of the complete collection of proteins that an organism produces is known as _____.
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proteomics
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Which of the following are drawbacks to reproductive cloning?
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the cloned animals have poor health low success rate
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Organisms that contain their own genes from another organism are called _____ organisms; they are genetic hybrids of sorts
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transgenic
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Select the two true statemens about the base sequencing variations among individuals.
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Some individuals have genes that vary by one base. Some individuals have additional copies of some genes.
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The gene that causes cystic fibrosis CF is cloned and introduced into a mouse model using embryonic stem cells. What purposed do the resulting mice likely serve?
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individuals that have the phenotype like that of a human with CF can be used to test drugs for the disease
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The use of natural biological systems to create a product or achieve some other end desired by human being is referred to as _____.
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biotechnology
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What is the importance of adding heat to the PCR process?
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Heat functions to separate the DNA strands
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Genetic ______ uses genetic information to help couples predict the chances of their child having a genetic disorder
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counseling
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A karyotype is a visual display of the chromosomes arranged by ____ and _____.
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size and shape
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In a gene therapy procedure, a gene is delivered directly to the affected region of the body in an injection. This is an example of which type of gene therapy?
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in vivo
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Which of the following procedures cannot be used to collect fetal cells?
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ultrasound
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The type of exam that uses high frequency sound waves to scan the abdomen of a pregnant woman is called a ____-
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ultrasound
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The insertion of genetic material into human cells for the purposes of treating a disorder is termed gene _____
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therapy
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The test for a genetic _____ relies on the difference in the DNA due to the presence of an abnormal allele
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marker
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The procedure used to obtain fluid from the uterus of a pregnant woman is called
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amniocentesis
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Which of the following is a drawback of amniocentesis as compared to CVS?
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Cells must be cultured after amniocentesis delaying karyotyping Amniocentesis is not usually performed until the 14th to 17th week of pregnancy
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Select the name of procedure for obtaining cells from the region where the placenta will develop?
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chorionic villus sampling
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Which of the following procedures can be used to collect fetal cells?
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amniocentesis materal blood draw chorionic villus sampling
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Couples who go through genetic counseling are seeking help in predicting the chances that they will have a baby with a genetic _____
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disorder
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Which of the following diseases currently shows potential when treated by in vivo gene therapy?
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cystic fibrosis poor coronary circulation rheumatoid arthritis
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An individual's complete genotype, including all the various mutations, is called a genetic _____.
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profile
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In a polar body from a heterozygous female tests positive for a mutated allele, the egg probably receive the _____
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normal allele
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What cannot be detected by an ultrasound
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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Chronic villus sampling is a procedure for obtaining fetal cells from the uterus for use in _____
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karyotyping
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If an egg could be given genes that control traits desired by the parents, this would be an example of
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eugenics
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Which cells can be used as a source of chromosomes for karyotyping?
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skin cells white blood cells muscle cells
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A genetic counselor can use an individual's genetic profile to _____ any mutations or genetic disorders they may have
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educate the individual about
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The differnece in a sequence of DNA that is due to the presence of an abnormal or mutant allele and is used to identify that allele in a patient is known as a genetic _____
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marker
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If a genetic disorder leads to abnormal enzyme production, parents might choose to test for it by taking samples from
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the embryo or egg
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The injection of adenoviruses that contain an anti-inflammatory gene is an example of in vivo treatment for
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rheumatoid arthritis
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Which of the following conditions can be detected using ultrasound?
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Patua syndrome Edwards syndrome Down syndrome Spina bifida
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If bone marrow stem cells are removed from a patient with SCID, infected wit ha virus that carries the normal gene, and then reinserted into the patient, this is an example of _____ gene therapy
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ex vivo
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Genetic testing of the embryo is done _____ in vitro fertilization
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after
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The genetic marker relies on
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a difference in the DNA due to the presence of an abnormal allele.
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Which of the following is a benefit of CVS over amniocentesis?
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CVS results are obtained much more quickly because cells do not have to be cultured.
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If an abnormal allele is present, a DNA test can detect the difference in sequence, called a
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genetic marker
