Flashcards About US History Unit 1 1877
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The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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ended when the workers, who lacked organized bargaining power, returned to work
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Mail cars connected to Pullman cars during the Pullman strike
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justified a federal intervention, ending the strike by allowing railroad executives to claim that it interfered with the mail
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What was one main reason electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century?
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They freed factories to locate wherever they wished, not just by waterfalls and coal deposits.
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The Sand-Lot Incident refers to
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white men attacking Chinatown
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Membership in the American Federation of Labor at first
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grew slowly
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Sears, Roebuck and Company was a pioneer in:
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selling goods by mail
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Violence erupted at Homestead Steel in 1892 when
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Henry Frick tried to break a strike by bringing in Pinkertons
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During the Gilded Age, the rich were getting richer and
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many other people were at least better off
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One method that executives used to fight unions was
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blacklisting
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The Molly Maguires
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aimed to right the perceived wrongs against Irish coal workers
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The National Labor Union
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was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees
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Hardmoney
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paid off in gold
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After the end of reconstruction
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The protection of black civil rights crumbled
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Why didnt President Grant seek third term
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In 1875, he acknowledge that many rep lost confidence
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Which of the following was not a part of the Freedmen's Bureau
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arming the freedman
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The Liberal Republicans
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opposed Grant
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Most carpetbeggers were
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Union veterans
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The Radical state government in the south
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cut taxes
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Why did service in the Union
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it provided training and leadeship
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President Johns on fully broke with congress
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vetoed the civil rights act
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Emancipation had what impact on the south
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left the South's agricultural economy in disrray
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In response to the Klan, President Grant
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tried to protect black rigths
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Why did Radical Republicans want disenfranise
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to keep former confederates electing
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Andrew Johnson was
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Impeached by the house not convicted by senate
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The 1866 congressinal elections
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Gave republicans veto proof majorites
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Soft-money
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saw economic benefits in price in price inflation
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Holding companies
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are firms that control the stock of other companies
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Industrialization transformed
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social life
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A transcontinental railroad was not built before the civil war North-South sectional differences prevented congress from
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selecting a route
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The National Labor Union
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Was influential in getting congress to enc=act an eight-hour work day for federal employees
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The greatest growth of the knights of Labor took place in
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the mid-1880's when the union had several strikes against the railroad.
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How did the AFL differ rom the Knights of Labor
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AFL was a federation of national organizations, each which retained a large degree of its autonomy , while Knights more centralized.
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Membership in the American Federation of Labor at first
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Grew slowly
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What was one of the main reason electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century
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The freed factories
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The Knights of Labor
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Called for men and women to have equal pay for equal work.
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The invention of electric motors did all except
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Lead to the bankruptcy of the Edison Electric illuminating company
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Trusts, like Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust, were vulnerable because they:
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were appealing targets for prosecution on the grounds of monopoly or restraint of trade
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All of the following statements are reasons why child labor was problematic EXCEPT:
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child laborers took well-paying jobs from legal immigrants
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J. Pierpont Morgan is distinguished from business leaders Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller because he:
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came from an elite, privileged background
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The Workingmen's Party of California
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was based on anti-Chinese sentiment
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President Grover Cleveland's response to the Pullman strike was to
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send federal troops to keep the trains running
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if there had been no white hunters in the West, the buffalo
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population would still have experienced a devastating decline
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Violence in the mining towns was
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as common as racial prejudice
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The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was
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declared unconstitutional
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The Indian tribe that defeated Custer and put up the greatest resistance to U.S. domination was the:
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Sioux
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The American Tobacco Company was
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dominating the U.S. tobacco industry by the twentieth century
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Proponents of creating a "New South" argued that the Confederacy lost the Civil War because:
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it relied too much upon King Cotton
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The fight for survival in the trans-Mississippi West made men and women:
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more equal partners than were their eastern counterparts
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King Cotton survived the Civil War and expanded over new acreage
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because traditional overplanting of the crop continued
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The open range meant
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land was owned by all
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What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act?
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It sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals.
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Cow town refers to:
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towns that grew up in the West as a result of the expanding cattle industry
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Congress passed the Homestead Act:
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to encourage settlement of the western lands
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The conventional explanation that the buffalo disappeared from the plains due to overhunting by whites in the West is incomplete because:
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it does not account for environmental factors, such as changes in climate and competition for forage with other animals
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Six states were created from the western territories in the years 1889-1890. These states were not admitted before 1889 because
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Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican
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Why did tenant farmers have no incentive to take care of the farmland that they were on?
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hey did not own the land on which they farmed.
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Black migrants to the West were called "Exodusters" because
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they were often making their exodus from the South
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By the late nineteenth century, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians believed
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the time had come to stop fighting and put a stop to his people's needless deaths
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Proponents of creating a "New South" argued that the Confederacy lost the Civil War because
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it relied too much upon King Cotton
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The postwar South suffered from an acute shortage of
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capital
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Why was Alabama named the "Pittsburgh of the South"?
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It was an iron center.
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The so-called frontier thesis is problematic because, among other things
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it exaggerated the homogenizing effect of the frontier environment and virtually ignored the role of women
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The major champion of the New South gospel was
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Henry W. Grady
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The New South gospel emphasized all the following EXCEPT
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women's rights
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Proponents of the New South believed that the South should
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industrialize
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Why was hydraulic mining so damaging to the environment?
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It caused tons of dirt and debris to clog rivers, kill fish, and pollute downstream farmland.
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Range wars erupted by the late nineteenth century because of
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the use of barbed-wire fences
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As railroads brought piles of lumber to the West
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farmers could upgrade their houses
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In the late 1800s, the South experienced major increases in production in all of the following areas EXCEPT
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automobiles
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Benjamin Singleton
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was an early promoter of black migration to the West
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Following the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes," Congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was
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to persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations
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The very poor generally did not migrate to the West because
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they generally could not afford the expense of transportation, land, and supplies
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Six states were created from the western territories in the years 1889-1890. These states were not admitted before 1889 because
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Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican
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The conventional explanation that the buffalo disappeared from the plains due to overhunting by whites in the West is incomplete because
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it does not account for environmental factors, such as changes in climate and competition for forage with other animals
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he first great cow town was
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Abilene, Kansas
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Cattle drives
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were conducted by cowboys, twenty-five percent of whom were African Americans
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Buffalo soldiers were
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black soldiers who served in the West
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"Furnishing" merchants provided the following services
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food, clothing, seed, and other items on credit
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The Indian tribe that defeated Custer and put up the greatest resistance to U.S. domination was the
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Sioux
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The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that
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the frontier shaped America's national character
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The exclusion of Chinese immigrants
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originally called for a ten-year term
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Realists' emphasis on closely observing everyday life grew out of
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the scientific spirit
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Why was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 significant in American immigration history?
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It was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class
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"Nativists" believed
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immigrants were a threat to their jobs and way of life
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The Stalwarts
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were led by Roscoe Conkling
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Mugwumps were centered in
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large cities and major universities in the Northeast
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Herbert Spencer
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coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"
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Tenement houses in New York City
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had higher mortality rates than among the general popu
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Commodity prices during the Gilded Age declined in large part because of
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overproduction and international competition in world markets
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One of the causes of the 1893 depression was failure of
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the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad
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Young, urban women eager for recreation frequented all of the following EXCEPT
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boxing matches
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The American Protective Association
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was a secret organization whose members pledged never to employ or vote for a Roman Catholic
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Mary Elizabeth Lease
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was a Kansas Alliance leader
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During the presidential election of 1892, the Populist candidate James B. Weaver
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won Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, and Idaho
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Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"?
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Ward argued that cooperation among people better-promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.
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During the 1896 campaign, William Jennings Bryan
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spoke and campaigned all over the country
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Popular Science Monthly, founded in 1872, became the chief magazine for promoting
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social Darwinism
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During the campaign for the presidential election of 1884, many prominent Republican leaders and supporters left the party because
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letters were discovered linking candidate James G. Blaine to the railroads
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The public health officials and municipal engineers that tried to clean up the city and its public health dangers were called
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sanitary reformers
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Around 1900, saloons did all of the following EXCEPT
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serve as a great place for immigrant men to meet women
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What was the purpose of the "subtreasury plan"?
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It allowed farmers to secure low-interest government loans.
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The Supreme Court decision Munn v. Illinois was significant to understanding the power of government to regulate industry because
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it upheld the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public interest
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Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created?
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to regulate railroads
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Mary Elizabeth Lease:
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was a Kansas Alliance leader
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Vaudeville shows were popular because
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they included something to please every taste, social class, and type
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During the depression of 1893, unemployment hovered around
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twenty percent
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One of the reasons mass transit was significant to developing cities was because
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it allowed larger numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city
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Herbert Spencer:
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coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"
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Social Darwinism implied the need for
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competition for dominance between different social groups
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The reason that Chester A. Arthur did not win a second term in 1884 is that
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Republican party leaders were not pleased with his first-term record and did not nominate him to run for a second term
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"You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!" This statement was made by
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William Jennings Bryan
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Benjamin Harrison lost the popular vote in the 1888 election. How was he able to win the presidency?
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He earned a majority of the electoral votes.
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William "Boss" Tweed controlled
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Tammany Hall
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Facing severe restrictions in their free time, married working women often
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found fellowship with other women on the public streets while tending to other responsibilities
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Ellis Island was located right outside the port of:
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New York City
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After 1890, most immigrants were:
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from southern and eastern Europe
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By 1900, all of the following technologies had helped transform mass transit EXCEPT:
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gasoline-powered buses
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The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
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provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams
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"Equal rights to all, special privileges to none" was the slogan of the:
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Southern Alliance
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During the presidential election of 1892, the Populist candidate James B. Weaver:
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won Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, and Idaho
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All of the following contributed to epidemics, disease, and high mortality rates in the growing cities EXCEPT:
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the banishment of animals to outside city limits
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Vaudeville shows were popular because:
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they included something to please every taste, social class, and type
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