US History Test 3
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Florence Owens and her children traveled through California in the 1930s to -escape the drought conditions in Oklahoma. -plant, cultivate, and harvest crops in the state's agricultural fields. -call attention to the difficult conditions endured by the state's migrant workers. -organize the state's agricultural workers.
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plant, cultivate, and harvest crops in the state's agricultural fields.
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What was the Federal government's response to the 1936 crisis at the pea pickers camp in Nipomo, California? The government sent 20,000 pounds of food to the camp. It worked to ensure that migrant workers were protected by the agricultural programs of the New Deal. It rewarded Dorothea Lange for bringing the crisis to the nation's attention. The government transported the stranded migrants to other camps in California where they could find work.
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The government sent 20,000 pounds of food to the camp
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What was Franklin Roosevelt's political experience before he won the presidential election of 1932? Roosevelt had served as the Republican mayor of New York City. He had gained political experience as he worked his way through college. He had served as President Wilson's assistant secretary of the navy and as governor of New York. Roosevelt had been lieutenant governor and then a two-term the governor of New Jersey.
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He had served as President Wilson's assistant secretary of the navy and as governor of New York.
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In order to win the presidential election in 1932, Franklin Delano Roosevelt had to appeal to the wealthy for financial support. choose a city boss as his running mate. make difficult concessions to labor unions in the East and Midwest. unite Democrats from the Northeast, South, and West.
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unite Democrats from the Northeast, South, and West.
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What was the name of President Roosevelt's signature program? The New Freedom The Square Deal The Works Progress Program The New Deal
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New Deal
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What made the election of 1932 particularly historic? Franklin Delano Roosevelt won with only a bare majority of the popular and electoral college votes. For the first time in American history the Socialist and Communist Party candidates made a huge showing. Franklin Delano Roosevelt won 57 percent of the popular vote, and Democrats swept both houses of Congress. It was the first time that a majority of African Americans cast their votes for a Democratic candidate.
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt won 57 percent of the popular vote, and Democrats swept both houses of Congress.
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To what was President Roosevelt referring when he said, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"? Fascist aggression in Germany Nationalist expansion in Japan His paralysis from polio The terror caused by the depression
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The terror caused by the depression
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What was the three-part goal of Roosevelt's New Deal? Experiment, Energy, and Employment Workers' rights, unemployment relief, and civil rights Relief, recovery, and reform Coalition, compromise, and capitalism
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Relief, recovery, and reform
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Which woman became the New Deal's unofficial ambassador in 1933? Frances Perkins Jane Addams Mary McLeod Bethune Eleanor Roosevelt
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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What belief lay at the foundation of Roosevelt's New Deal? Socialism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis. Overconsumption was the greatest flaw in America's capitalist economy. Government intervention in big business was bad business. Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis.
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Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis.
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The Emergency Banking Act of 1933 strengthened American banks by bringing back the gold standard. ending banks' dependence on holding companies. I nationalizing U.S. savings and loan associations. releasing federal funds to bolster the banks' assets.
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releasing federal funds to bolster the banks' assets.
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Which of the following describes the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation? The FDIC was one of Herbert Hoover's only effective responses to bank failures. It guaranteed bank customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed. The FDIC was an emergency measure Roosevelt passed to close the nation's banks until they were solvent again. It was a system through which the federal government would deposit money into regional banks to strengthen them.
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It guaranteed bank customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed.
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What strategy did President Roosevelt use to restore America's confidence in government and the private banking system? Roosevelt held daily press conferences at the White House. Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio. He strong-armed Congress to pass all the bills his administration proposed. He issued unemployment checks to needy families.
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Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio
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What was the name of the agency President Roosevelt established in 1933 to provide direct relief to more than four million households? Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA) Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) Social Security Administration (SSA) National Recovery Administration (NRA)
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Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)
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The purpose of the Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps was to provide work for young women so that they could help their families. give young men government jobs conserving natural resources. make use of surplus food donated by farmers to pay the working poor. establish federally funded recycling programs to conserve natural resources.
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give young men government jobs conserving natural resources.
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What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) program that began in 1933? It was created to establish a successful partnership between private utilities and the federal government. The TVA helped supply jobs and power to impoverished rural communities. It was a financial aid program that made low-interest loans available to small businesses. The TVA was an agricultural assistance program designed to help farmers recoup their losses.
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The TVA helped supply jobs and power to impoverished rural communities.
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The New Deal made significant improvements in the quality of life in rural America by expanding railroad lines to make travel and trade easier for rural Americans. establishing programs to facilitate the opening of new overseas markets overseas for farmers surplus crops. initiating federal oversight to ensure that sharecroppers and tenant farmers received a fair share of government benefits. providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration.
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providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration.
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How did the Agricultural Adjustment and Farm Credit Acts of 1935 aim to help American farmers? The acts established programs that accelerated the rate of farm foreclosures to eradicate unproductive farms. They initiated programs to pay farmers for their surplus crops so they could be used to feed people in developing countries. The acts paid farmers not to grow crops and provided long-term credit on mortgaged farm property. They provided benefits to sharecroppers and tenant farmers who were being squeezed by their landlords.
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The acts paid farmers not to grow crops and provided long-term credit on mortgaged farm property.
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What made it impossible for the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to regulate business effectively? Large businesses that employed more workers were excluded from the agency's charge. The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only. The code system was so complicated that neither the government nor the corporations could interpret it effectively. The government's NRA public relations campaign actually discouraged Americans from patronizing NRA businesses.
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The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only.
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Opponents of the New Deal included business leaders and some labor leaders. the League of Women Voters. western farmers. workers in the Civilian Conservation Corps.
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some labor leaders.
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What event dealt the final blow to the National Recovery Administration in May 1935? Business leaders withdrew their companies from the NRA. The Supreme Court ruled that the agency was unconstitutional. Labor leaders marched on Washington to protest the agency. Congress refused to fund the agency's budget.
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The Supreme Court ruled that the agency was unconstitutional.
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In 1936, the Supreme Court supported agricultural processors and distributors when it ruled against the Farm Credit Bureau. Federal Emergency Relief Act. Social Security Act. Agricultural Adjustment Act.
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Agricultural Adjustment Act.
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Why didn't southern tenant farmers benefit from the programs developed by the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the Farm Credit Act? Southern farmers' loan applications weren't processed correctly. Southern states didn't participate in these New Deal programs. Landlords controlled the distribution of the benefits and denied benefits to many of their tenants. Tenant farmers didn't qualify for these assistance programs because they didn't own the land they farmed.
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Landlords controlled the distribution of the benefits and denied benefits to many of their tenants.
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Where did migrant workers seeking to escape the chronic drought of the Dust Bowl typically look for work in the 1930s? California Texas Michigan New England
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California
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Father Charles Coughlin, an opponent of the New Deal, placed the blame for the nation's economic crisis on Franklin Roosevelt. Communists, bankers, and capitalists. impoverished immigrants who taxed cities' resources. prohibition, which weakened the liquor industry.
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Communists, bankers, and capitalists.
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Dr. Francis Townsend and Huey P. Long both opposed the New Deal, calling instead for the redistribution of income through taxation. government-sponsored health care. the redistribution of wealth through revolution. work relief for the poor and unemployed.
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the redistribution of income through taxation
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In 1935, when President Roosevelt had the congressional majorities to support him, he began to reduce government involvement in business. enact new programs to desegregate the South. enact major new social welfare programs. reduce government involvement in social welfare.
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enact major new social welfare programs.
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Which New Deal agency employed artists, musicians, actors, journalists, academics, poets, and novelists? Civil Works Administration Works Progress Administration National Labor Relations Board American Humanities Commission
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Works Progress Administration
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The purpose of the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, when it was enacted in 1934, was to create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize. protect workers' right to strike by making it impossible for corporations to fire strikers. give the president the right to intervene in and mediate intractable labor disputes. raise workers' standards of living by guaranteeing a minimum wage.
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create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize
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The Wagner Act helped which of the following unions to mobilize organizing drives in major industries? The American Federation of Labor The Committee for Industrial Organization The National Labor Union The National Association of Manufacturers Workers
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The Committee for Industrial Organization
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In 1937, disgruntled workers at the General Motors plant in Flint, Michigan, acted on their grievances by holding the mangers of the plant hostage. destroying the plant's assembly lines. staging a sit-down strike. organizing a massive walkout.
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staging a sit-down strike.
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What was the outcome of the strike at Republic Steel outside Chicago in 1937? Republic Steel made the United Steelworkers Union the sole bargaining unit for all of the company's workers. Steelworkers won the biggest wage increase ever recorded in the industry. Steelworkers' frustrations led them to tear up the railroad tracks that led to the plant. Strikers halted their organizing campaign after the police attacked and killed ten of them.
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Strikers halted their organizing campaign after the police attacked and killed ten of them.
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The framers of Social Security agreed to fund the program through a progressive tax on workers. with tax contributions from workers and their employers. by raising income taxes on the wealthiest Americans. I through the federal government's general tax fund.
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with tax contributions from workers and their employers.
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The Social Security Act of 1935 provided old-age pensions, grants to states for dependent mothers and children, and unemployment insurance. national health insurance for poor adults, uninsured children, and the elderly. death and disability benefits for those who were killed or injured on the job. minimum wages, vacation benefits, and health insurance for federal government employees.
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old-age pensions, grants to states for dependent mothers and children, and unemployment insurance.
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What impact did New Deal programs have on the average national unemployment rate during the 1930s? The New Deal reduced the average national unemployment rate to 5 percent by 1935. The New Deal created millions of jobs but had little effect on unemployment because layoffs continued throughout the decade. The programs reduced the average unemployment rate, but it remained high, at about 17 percent, through the 1930s. The programs allowed the federal government to serve as the employer of last resort, thereby reducing average unemployment rates to near zero.
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The programs reduced the average unemployment rate, but it remained high, at about 17 percent, through the 1930s.
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Why did Roosevelt fail to push for more ambitious reforms for black Americans? Roosevelt was too busy with programs for workers and farmers. He could not afford to lose the support of southern Democrats for his New Deal agenda. He was unmoved by African Americans' circumstances and not concerned about civil rights. Roosevelt was afraid of creating disorder in the South by disturbing the balance of power between blacks and white landowners.
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He could not afford to lose the support of southern Democrats for his New Deal agenda.
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Which of the following describes the experiences of Mexican Americans during the 1930s? Mexican Americans found it easy to integrate into American society. They experienced substantially less discrimination in New Deal programs than did other minority groups. Mexican Americans experienced a dramatic increase in wages through employment in New Deal programs. Thousands of Mexican Americans were deported, many with their American-born children.
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Thousands of Mexican Americans were deported, many with their American-born children.
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What was the outcome of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act on Native Americans? The act provided economic aid and other forms of assistance to help Indians in poverty. It forced Native Americans back onto the reservations they had left after the passage of the Dawes Act in 1887. It restored Indians' right to own land communally and have greater control over their own affairs. The act strengthened the federal government's policy of assimilation by dispersing concentrated populations of Indians.
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It restored Indians' right to own land communally and have greater control over their own affairs
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By 1935, how did many American radicals—including Communists and socialists—respond to the New Deal? Many radicals denounced it for failing to serve the interests of workers and their families. They pronounced it fascistic and called for the impeachment of President Roosevelt. Radicals dismissed it as inadequate and openly called for the overthrow of capitalism. They had begun to support the New Deal's relief programs and its encouragement of labor unions.
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They had begun to support the New Deal's relief programs and its encouragement of labor unions.
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Franklin Roosevelt perceived the election of 1936 as a contest between the heirs of Alexander Hamilton and the heirs of Thomas Jefferson. the North and the South. the protectors of democracy and the supporters of fascism. the New Deal's Popular Front and the business community's Reclaim America movement.
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the heirs of Alexander Hamilton and the heirs of Thomas Jefferson.
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What accounted for Franklin Delano Roosevelt's landslide victory in the 1936 presidential election? The apathy of most Republican voters The Republican Party's inability to disseminate its message The New Deal's extreme popularity among American voters The old age and poor health of his opponent, Alf Landon
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The New Deal's extreme popularity among American voters
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President Roosevelt's plan to remove judicial obstacles to New Deal reforms in his second term of office was extremely popular with conservatives. was popularly known as court packing. was widely accepted by Congress and the American public. would allow Roosevelt to take his ideas directly to the American people.
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was popularly known as court packing.
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President Roosevelt's plan for enlarging the Supreme Court became unnecessary when four conservative judges retired. faced great opposition but was ultimately successful. was ruled unconstitutional by the sitting Supreme Court justices. was ratified by Congress but not by the required number of states.
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became unnecessary when four conservative judges retired.
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To change the economy in 1937, President Roosevelt made it easier for Americans to borrow money. cut funds for relief projects and decreased deficit spending. made the difficult decision to maintain the gold standard. increased funding for relief projects to help unemployed women and their children.
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cut funds for relief projects and decreased deficit spending
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What was the outcome of President Roosevelt's fiscal decisions in 1937? Unemployment figures dropped. The country returned to normalcy. The country suffered a recession. Conservative opposition to the New Deal lessened.
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The country suffered a recession.
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In his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, John Maynard Keynes argued that government intervention is needed in bad economic times to pump enough money into the economy to revive production and increase consumption. a balanced budget is an absolute prerequisite for stopping inflation and creating long-term economic stability. the principle of laissez-faire failed in the nineteenth century but is essential to a healthy U.S. economy in the twentieth century. the theory of supply and demand can be used to revive production and increase consumption throughout the nation.
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government intervention is needed in bad economic times to pump enough money into the economy to revive production and increase consumption
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The goal of the New Deal's Farm Security Administration, created in 1937, was to help farmers invest in the lucrative securities market. help tenant farmers become independent landowners. take the place of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. encourage crop surpluses of nonperishable grains to be stored in case of national emergency.
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help tenant farmers become independent landowners.
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Which of the following statements describes the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938? It provided jobs for all able-bodied workers. It was often called the Time and Money Act. It set standards for wages and hours. It explicitly exempted women.
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It set standards for wages and hours.
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What occurrence proved that opposition to the New Deal had increased by the end of 1938? • The public reacted to new social programs with apathy. • There was a nearly 60 percent turnover in President Roosevelt's cabinet. • Republicans gained seven seats in the Senate and eighty in the House in the congressional elections. • Roosevelt was unable to gain support for his plan to nationalize banking and agriculture.
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Republicans gained seven seats in the Senate and eighty in the House in the congressional elections
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Which of the following describes the overall impact of the New Deal? It prevented the United States from turning toward authoritarian solutions to the nation's economic crisis. The New Deal ended the depression and eliminated the class hierarchy in the United States. The New Deal weakened presidential power and strengthened the military-industrial complex. It ended the depression and led directly to the United States' involvement in World War II.
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It prevented the United States from turning toward authoritarian solutions to the nation's economic crisis.
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Franklin Roosevelt modeled his own vision of international relations on the guiding principles of William McKinley. Calvin Coolidge. Theodore Roosevelt. Woodrow Wilson.
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Woodrow wilson
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During the 1930s, the tide of fascism, militarism, and violent nationalism that most concerned the United States rose in Germany, Italy, and Bulgaria. Italy, Japan, and Russia. Italy, Japan, and Germany. Germany, Finland, and Austria.
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Italy, Japan, and Germany.
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A reluctant isolationist, President Roosevelt believed during the 1930s that the United States should stay out of Europe's internal affairs. the United States should cease trading with Latin America. international amity was the key to ending the depression. free trade was necessary for America's domestic prosperity.
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free trade was necessary for America's domestic prosperity.
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The goal of Franklin Roosevelt's good neighbor policy was to form a less belligerent, more cooperative relationship with Latin America. acknowledge that the United States had damaged Latin American economies and to repay those countries billions of dollars. buy property and raw materials from Latin American nations instead of sending in troops to take those resources. drop restrictions on immigration to the United States from Latin America.
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form a less belligerent, more cooperative relationship with Latin America.
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What factors made it possible for Latin American dictators such as Anastasio Somoza and Fulgencio Batista to gain and maintain power? The federal government could not afford to mount military efforts to defeat and remove them. Somoza and Batista had private support from U.S. businessmen and tacit support from the Roosevelt administration. They received overt support from European business interests who depended on the imports of their products. They received open military support from the Roosevelt administration and the British diplomatic corps.
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Somoza and Batista had private support from U.S. businessmen and tacit support from the Roosevelt administration.
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What was the conclusion of the Nye committee's 1933 report on World War I? Fascist regimes the world over had worked in league from the very beginning to undermine democracy. The greed of American munitions makers, bankers, and financiers was responsible for the nation's entry into World War I. The nations that still owed money to the United States because of World War I would probably never pay. The United States had made the wrong decision when it decided to back Allies rather than the Central Powers in World War I.
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The greed of American munitions makers, bankers, and financiers was responsible for the nation's entry into World War I.
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The objective of the Neutrality Act of 1937 was to end the Great Depression in the United States and Europe. prevent increasing American involvement in European affairs. encourage the aggression of German and Japanese militarists in Europe and the Pacific. stop German and Japanese aggression in Europe and the Pacific.
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prevent increasing American involvement in European affairs.
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The Abraham Lincoln Brigade of 1936 was a group of African Americans who volunteered to fight against Hitler in Germany. a coalition of newspaper editors who cooperated to denounce fascism in their publications. a group of Americans who enlisted to fight with the Spanish Republicans against the Nationalist rebels in Spain. a group of American Republicans that formed to support Franklin Roosevelt's increasing involvement in Europe.
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a group of Americans who enlisted to fight with the Spanish Republicans against the Nationalist rebels in Spain.
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Which of the following occurred as a result of the Nazi-Soviet treaty of nonaggression in August 1939? Hitler's invasion of Poland The U.S. declaration of war against Germany The end of Hitler's aggression in Europe England's confirmation of the effectiveness of appeasement
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Hitler's invasion of Poland
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What event sparked the beginning of World War II? Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1937 Germany's invasion of the Sudetenland in 1938 Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939
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Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939
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The Maginot Line of World War II was a treacherous stretch of the Alps that separated France from Germany. a racing section of the Rhine River that was difficult to ford. a concrete fortification that separated much of France from Germany. a stand of dense forest that separated much of France from Germany.
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a concrete fortification that separated much of France from Germany.
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What was the significance of the Battle of Britain in 1940? The British victory handed Hitler his first major defeat. It ended with England's occupation by Germany. It proved that Great Britain no longer needed U.S. assistance. The battle emboldened the French to expel occupying German forces.
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The British victory handed Hitler his first major defeat.
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The purpose of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 was to lend France enough money to defeat the Germans. make arms, munitions, and other supplies available to Britain. lend large sums of money to Latin American countries. give arms, munitions and supplies to Canada.
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make arms, munitions, and other supplies available to Britain.
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President Roosevelt justified the proposed Lend-Lease Act in January 1941 by appealing to Americans' fiscal conservatism and pro-business ethos. with an appeal to Americans' long-held belief that the nation should avoid alliances with European powers. by citing the need to defend freedom of speech, freedom to worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear, and other ideals. by chastising Americans for the isolationism in the 1920s and 1930s and illustrating its consequences.
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by citing the need to defend freedom of speech, freedom to worship, freedom from want, freedom from fear, and other ideals.
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In the Atlantic Charter in August of 1941, the United States and England agreed to declare the Atlantic Ocean off-limits to the Third Reich and its allies. suspend all shipping between the two countries and only let naval vessels foreign waters. protect the freedom of the seas, free trade, and the right of national self-determination. take over leadership of the League of Nations for the duration of the wars in Europe and Asia.
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protect the freedom of the seas, free trade, and the right of national self-determination.
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In the Tripartite Pact of 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan agreed to form a defensive alliance among imperial powers. cooperate in an attack against the United States. advance the principles of democracy in Europe and Asia. establish the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
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form a defensive alliance among imperial powers.
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The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was part of the Japanese plan to knock out a significant portion of American naval bases in the Pacific. demonstrate that the United States could not possibly win a war against an Asian nation demonstrate to the Germans that Japan had its own objectives in the Pacific. retaliate against the United States for the incarceration of Japanese citizens.
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knock out a significant portion of American naval bases in the Pacific.
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What was the immediate consequence of the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? Proponents of neutrality in the United States stepped up their appeals in Congress to keep the nation out of war. Congress endorsed President Roosevelt's call for a declaration of war. Hitler and Mussolini offered to negotiate a peace on behalf of Japan. Japan's emperor issued an official apology and a pledge to stay out of American territory.
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Congress endorsed President Roosevelt's call for a declaration of war.
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President Roosevelt authorized the roundup and internment of all Americans of Japanese descent in 1942 because the government had evidence that Japanese Americans were a threat to national security. a large number of people believed that Japanese Americans were potential sources of espionage and subversion. the government wanted to use strategically placed prison camps to prevent Japan from launching an air attack on the West Coast. any male members of their families had refused to register for the draft.
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a large number of people believed that Japanese Americans were potential sources of espionage and subversion.
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About how many soldiers and sailors served in the U.S. armed forces by the end of World War II? 2 million 8 million 16 million 50 million
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16 Million
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Which of the following statements describes the relationship between American ethnic minorities and the armed forces during World War II? They were largely uninterested in serving in the armed forces. The government discouraged ethnic minorities from serving in the armed forces. They fought in large numbers in the armed forces despite discriminatory treatment. They were barred from serving in the armed forces during the first two years of the war.
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They fought in large numbers in the armed forces despite discriminatory treatment.
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Which group was forced to train in segregated camps, live in segregated barracks, and serve in segregated units during World War II? African Americans Native Americans Homosexuals Chinese Americans
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African Americans
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Who headed the War Production Board, which set production priorities and pushed for maximum output during World War II? Business leaders who were paid enormous amounts for their efforts Members of Roosevelt's Brains Trust Business leaders who were paid almost nothing for their efforts High-ranking military officials who knew the needs of the military best
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Business leaders who were paid almost nothing for their efforts
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How did American labor unions respond to the production demands of World War II? The labor unions agreed to disband temporarily in order to focus on production. They demanded increases in overtime pay for the duration of the war. They volunteered to enlist one half of their workers in the armed forces. Labor unions granted the government's request that they pledge not to strike.
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Labor unions granted the government's request that they pledge not to strike.
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Japanese admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's fundamental military strategy after the attack on Pearl Harbor was to proceed slowly and cautiously in the conflict with the United States. launch an all-out air assault on the western coast of the United States as soon as possible. quickly conquer and secure Japan's targets, before the United States could mobilize its manpower and resources. conserve Japan's limited manpower and resources by taking no prisoners of war.
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quickly conquer and secure Japan's targets, before the United States could mobilize its manpower and resources.
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During the Bataan Death March of 1942, U.S. soldiers herded thousands of captured Japanese soldiers into a prison camp on Wake Island. Japanese soldiers forced U.S. and Filipino soldiers to march sixty-five miles to a concentration camp. Japanese soldiers marched one hundred miles to meet an advancing force of American soldiers. a small detachment of American soldiers marched to the coast hoping to be rescued by the U.S. Navy.
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Japanese soldiers forced U.S. and Filipino soldiers to march sixty-five miles to a concentration camp.
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The naval battles in the Coral Sea and at Midway Island signaled to the American military that the Japanese force in the Pacific was almost unbeatable. the current Japanese strategy was working. the war in the Pacific was ending. Japanese domination of the Pacific was weakening.
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Japanese domination of the Pacific was weakening.
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What technological development ultimately led Hitler to withdraw the infamous U-boats from the North Atlantic? B-52 bomber H-bomb Radar detector Apache helicopter
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Radar Detector
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At their meeting in Casablanca in January 1943, Allied leaders Roosevelt and Churchill announced that Germany, when it lost the war, would again be forced to pay reparations. vowed that they would soon open a second front in Russia. announced that they would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of Germany and Italy. decided not to launch a significant attack anywhere in the Mediterranean region.
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announced that they would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of Germany and Italy.
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What was the significance of the U.S and British landing in Sicily in July 1943? The landing was a disastrous defeat for the Allies. It was the first Allied encounter with Italian armed forces It was the start of what would become the French campaign. The landing marked the end of Mussolini's fascism.
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The landing marked the end of Mussolini's fascism.
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Which of the following describes the majority of American women who entered the labor force during World War II? They were primarily single women. Most of them were married without children. Most of them were married with children. Most participating women were widowed or divorced.
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They were primarily single women.
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Women who remained at home contributed to the American war effort by planting Victory Gardens of home-grown vegetables. conserving electricity and coal in order to fuel defense plants. maintaining and running Catholic and Protestant churches. providing meals for soldiers at nearby army bases.
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planting Victory Gardens of home-grown vegetables.
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The Double V campaign called for both victory in the war and victory for Thomas Dewey in the presidential election of 1944. Republicans in Congress. African Americans fighting racial prejudice at home. Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the presidential election of 1944.
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African Americans fighting racial prejudice at home.
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President Roosevelt responded to A. Philip Randolph's plans to organize a march of 100,000 on Washington, D.C., in 1941 by making equal rights for women his top priority. authorizing the Committee on Fair Employment Practices. promising not to seek a fifth term as president. promising to limit the number of minorities in top government positions.
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authorizing the Committee on Fair Employment Practices.
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What did African Americans who migrated to take jobs in defense industries experience in their new locations? Equal employment opportunities Equal pay for equal work Widespread racial violence The nation's gratitude
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Widespread racial violence
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What did Congress's elimination of the Works Progress Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1942 and 1943 indicate? The agencies' longtime inefficiency and lack of relevance The increasing strength of the conservative coalition A resurgence of Democratic power in the U.S. government The end of unemployment in America
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The increasing strength of the conservative coalition
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What explained the reluctance of the United States to accept Jewish refugees from Nazi oppression? Anti-Semitism Overpopulation Pro-German sympathies Anti-immigrant sentiment
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Anti-Semitism
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Why did the United States fail to act on reports of Hitler's genocidal atrocities? American military officials believed it was Stalin's job to address the issue. The American public and its officials believed the reports were exaggerated. Stalin threatened to withdraw from the fight against Germany if the United States addressed the issue. The United States did not believe it was fighting the war to protect human rights.
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The American public and its officials believed the reports were exaggerated.
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The Allied assault against the German army on the beaches of Normandy on June 6, 1944, is commonly known as VE Day. D Day. VJ Day. DE Day.
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D.Day
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As the Allies closed in on him in December 1944, Hitler ordered a desperate counterattack through Belgium known as the final solution. Blitzkrieg II. Lebensraum. the Battle of the Bulge.
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the Battle of the Bulge.
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In February 1945, the Big Three met at Yalta to discuss postwar self-determination for the people of Eastern Europe. Allied support for Mao Zedong as the leader of China. strengthening the League of Nations. plans to prosecute Adolf Hitler for international war crimes.
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postwar self-determination for the people of Eastern Europe.
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Who succeeded President Roosevelt in the White House after his death on April 12, 1945? Henry Wallace Harry Truman Dwight Eisenhower Richard Nixon
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Truman
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How did American casualties in Europe in World War II compare to Soviet casualties? The United States had about 1 million casualties and the USSR had 3 million. The United States had 2 million casualties and the USSR had 5 million. The United States had about 250,000 casualties and the USSR had about 2.5 million. The United States had about 136,000 casualties and the USSR had 9 million.
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The United States had about 136,000 casualties and the USSR had 9 million.
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What occurrence made April 30, 1945, a turning point in the war? Allied bombers leveled Hamburg. Allied bombers leveled Berlin. Adolf Hitler killed himself in his underground bunker. Adolf Hitler surrendered to the Allied military forces.
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Adolf Hitler killed himself in his underground bunker.
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What was demonstrated during the six-month battle to force the withdrawal of Japanese forces from Guadalcanal in February 1943? The United States could not win a decisive military victory against Japan. It would be extremely costly and difficult to defeat Japan. The marines in the Pacific lacked coordination. The United States needed the British navy to win an all-out military campaign in the Pacific.
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It would be extremely costly and difficult to defeat Japan.
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The capture of Okinawa in 1944 was especially crucial to Allied forces because the Japanese were forced to abandon a huge supply depot. they planned to make it the launching site for an attack on the Japanese mainland. it was the training center for all new Japanese kamikaze pilots. thousands of U.S. prisoners of war were being held there.
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they planned to make it the launching site for an attack on the Japanese mainland.
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The primary mission of Japanese kamikaze pilots was to demonstrate the bravery of Japanese airmen at a crucial point in the war. fly supplies to Japanese battleships throughout the Pacific. defend Okinawa from U.S. troops. serve as decoys for Japanese bombers.
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defend Okinawa from U.S. troops.
question
Why did American scientists begin to develop a superbomb in 1942? Roosevelt was planning an attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The United States planned to attack the Soviet Union after the war. Japan was working on a similar weapon. They didn't want the Germans to develop one first.
answer
hey didn't want the Germans to develop one first.
question
The United States dropped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki only three days after the attack on Hiroshima because it wanted to kill as many Japanese civilians as possible. because the first bomb did not lead to a Japanese surrender to the United States. to demonstrate America's power to the China's communists and stop their aggression. because Nagasaki was the center of Japan's wartime military and government operations.
answer
because Nagasaki was the center of Japan's wartime military and government operations.
