Unit Test: The Election of 1800, Samuel Slater, The Industrial Revolutions – Flashcards
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In the early 1900s, which invention was most needed to help run offices and factories?
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electricity
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What impact did the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment have on American citizens?
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It gave citizens the right to elect their members of the US Senate.
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Everyone who held nativist views was a cruel person. Why would this sentence be inappropriate in an objective historical summary?
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It expresses an opinion.
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Who received benefits from settlement houses in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
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immigrants who had recently come to America
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In the late 1800s, the increase of service industry workers led to the rise of the
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middle class.
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Which is the most complete explanation of why people immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
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There was a combination of push factors and pull factors.
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Some apartments of the early 1900s were known as "dumbbell tenements" because they had
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few windows and no ventilation.
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[1] There are many examples of revolutions in human history that have resulted in tremendous change. [2] The transformation of manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution is one such example. [3] Although the revolution began in England, it soon spread to other countries in Europe, and the United States. [4] In each of the countries, the industrial revolution resulted in increased urbanization, changes in employment, and new technologies that changed the way people worked and lived. Which sentence in the paragraph includes the essay's thesis statement?
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sentence 4
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After being admitted into America, many immigrants in the 1800s made their assimilation easier by
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settling in areas where others from their country had settled.
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Which sentence best compares the employment opportunities between farms and cities in the late 1800s?
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There were far more jobs in cities than there were on farms.
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Which of the following details related to the topic of nineteenth-century immigration is the best example of an objective voice?
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numerous unskilled workers
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Based on the graph, what year was the urban population of the United States roughly equal to the rural population?
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around 1915
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What is one way President Garfield angered the Stalwarts?
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He replaced many of the political-machine-appointed officials.
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Many Americans feared that the immigrants who passed through Angel Island would
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take jobs from American workers.
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Which group became the main residents of the inner city during the Gilded Age?
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the working poor
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The movement of poor Irish immigrants to the United States in the 1800s is an illustration of
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the push factor of famine and the pull factor of food availability
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Which is a set of push and pull factors tied to immigration that are most directly related?
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war and peace
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" 'Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!' cries she With silent lips. 'Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.' "Who are the "tired," "poor," "huddled masses" to which the poem refers?
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immigrants passing through Ellis Island
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What is a pull factor that might cause immigration?
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something that draws people to a new country
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Which is considered a strong push factor that could influence immigration?
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hunger and famine
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In the late 1800s, which of the following groups was most likely to be heavily interrogated at immigration stations?
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Chinese immigrants
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What is one similarity between Ellis Island and Angel Island?
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Both required that immigrants pass health inspections.
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What is a push factor that might cause immigration?
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something that causes people to leave their country
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What was the most common reason why a large number of Irish immigrants came to the United States in the 1840s?
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They wanted to escape a potato famine.
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"New" immigrants in the 1800s tended to be Catholic or Jewish, but most "old" immigrants were
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primarily Protestant.
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What was a similarity between the "old" and "new" waves of immigration in the 1800s?
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Immigrants from both periods established their own neighborhoods in major American cities.
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Tens of thousands of people from Africa were forcibly brought to the Americas
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in the early 1600s through the early 1800s.
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According to the map, in the early 1900s,
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the United States became a more diverse nation.
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This map shows the
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"new" wave of immigration, which started in the late 1800s.
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What was one way "old" immigrants differed from "new" immigrants in the 1800s?
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The "old" immigrants often had property and skills, while the "new" immigrants tended to be unskilled workers.
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By 1900, about 100,000 immigrants living in the United States were from
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China.
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Which of the following best describes nativism?
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the belief that the interests of native citizens should come before the interests of outsiders
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In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act
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halted Chinese immigration for a period.
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Which law required immigrants to be able to read and write?
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The Immigration Act of 1917
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According to the United States' 1907 Gentleman's Agreement with Japan,
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the Japanese government would stop issuing passports to citizens intending to immigrate to the US.
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How did US labor unions treat Chinese immigrants in the 1800s?
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Labor unions discriminated against Chinese immigrants and did not allow them to join.
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What helped immigrants in the 1800s and early 1900s retain their cultures?
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living in enclaves
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Which law made it harder for some Europeans to immigrate to the United States and easier for others?
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The Johnson-Reed Immigration Act
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The majority of people who immigrated to America in the late 1800s and early 1900s
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worked at challenging jobs in the cities.
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New York City's Harlem is an example of a neighborhood that, due to segregation, was shaped mainly according to
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Race
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Which phrase best describes New York City's Little Italy?
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Little Italy is an example of segregation by culture.
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One mostly negative effect of urbanization was the establishment of
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slums.
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The map indicates that
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in 1900, the eastern United States was more urbanized than the western United States.
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Between 1790 and 1900, cities in America
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grew rapidly as people moved to urban centers looking for work.
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What was a negative effect of industrialization in cities?
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increased air pollution in cities
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Which of these factors has been a constant of urban life since the early 1900s?
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suburb relocation
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What was a direct result of landlords not maintaining their tenements during the early 1900s?
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People got injured in unsafe living spaces.
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In the early 1900s, doctors and lawyers usually belonged to which group?
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the middle class
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What new technology helped create new jobs in offices during the Gilded Age?
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typewriters
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Which statement best describes how wealthy people lived on a daily basis during the Gilded Age?
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They lived in luxurious city apartments.
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Which professions best characterize the jobs held by people in the middle class at the turn of the twentieth century?
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clerks, teachers, and doctors
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How did streetcars, elevated trains, and subways improve city life at the turn of the twentieth century?
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They made it easier for all people to get around a city.
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The mass production of what building material made it possible to build skyscrapers in the wake of the Second Industrial Revolution?
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steel
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"The Settlement then, is an experimental effort to aid in the solution of the social and industrial problems . . . in a great city." Which of the following best describes what Addams meant by "the Settlement"?
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Hull House
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How is the work of the Salvation Army and other faith-based aid organizations related to the social gospel movement?
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The work of these organizations addresses the concept of providing aid to less-fortunate people.
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Who wrote How the Other Half Lives, a book that described the terrible conditions of tenement life in the late 1800s?
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Jacob Riis
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How many immigrants arrived in the United States between 1875 and 1910?
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almost 8 million
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Which of the following best describes why settlement houses offered to help immigrants learn to cook specific kinds of food?
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a
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How did the efforts of Jane Addams differ from the efforts of Lincoln Steffens?
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c
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In the late 1800s and early 1900s, reformers helped immigrants assimilate into American culture by
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c
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"Go ahead regardless of where or whom you hit." The president was instructing the investigation team to:
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a
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Which of the following best describes Tammany Hall and other political machines in the late 1800s?
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d
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Over time, the spoils system developed into the
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c
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Charles Guiteau most likely assassinated President Garfield because
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a
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Republican President James Garfield was opposed to
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a
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People who opposed reform efforts led by President Garfield were called
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d
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Recalls, referendums, and initiatives were primarily designed to bring power to
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c
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After the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment, how many senators were elected to serve each state?
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b
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Who would benefit from worker's compensation, which was one aspect of Robert La Follette's Wisconsin Idea?
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a
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In the commission system, each commissioner runs one aspect of government. In the council-manager system, the city manager
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a
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In what way are the commission system and council-manager system similar?
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a
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While the board of commissioners in the commission system have combined legislative and executive powers, the power of the city council in the council-manager system is largely
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d
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Which of the following was a Robert La Follette reform that changed the way candidates were chosen in an election?
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d
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Which reform measure could people use against a mayor they are unhappy with?
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a
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Robert La Follette's set of state reforms known as the Wisconsin Idea favored
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b
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Factory work was not easy. First of all, it involved long hours. Typical factory workers put in twelve-hour days, six days a week, and there were few holidays. Moreover, most workers had to do the same simple tasks over and over each day. At the same time, they had to work fast to keep pace with the machines they tended. Finally, factory work could be dangerous. Fingers, hair, and clothing often got caught in the many gears and belts of machines, making accidents common. Also, textile mills were filled with cotton dust, which damaged the lungs of the workers who breathed it in. Which of these sentences provides key details?
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d
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As necessary to mechanical industry as steel and steam power was the great market, spread over a wide and diversified area and knit together by efficient means of transportation. This service was supplied to industry by the steamship, which began its career on the Hudson in 1807; by the canals, of which the Erie, opened in 1825, was the most noteworthy; and by the railways, which came into practical operation about 1830. The railways followed the same paths [as the canals]. By 1860, New York had rail connections with Chicago and St. Louis—one of the routes running through the Hudson and Mohawk valleys and along the Great Lakes, the other through Philadelphia and Pennsylvania and across the rich wheat fields of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Baltimore, not to be outdone by her two rivals, reached out over the mountains for the Western trade and in 1857 had trains running into St. Louis. In a summary of this passage, which of the following is a central trend?
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d
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With the development of new technologies and manufacturing processes, the nature of factory work changed. Now, machines could do the heavy labor formerly done by men. This meant that women and children could work in factories. In fact, factories sometimes hired entire families. They earned hourly wages. While this could bring in a steady income, that income was not high. Women earned less than men, and children's wages were especially low. The underlined sentence
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d
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Factory work was not easy. First of all, it involved long hours. Typical factory workers put in twelve-hour days, six days a week, and there were few holidays. Moreover, most workers had to do the same simple tasks over and over each day. At the same time, they had to work fast to keep pace with the machines they tended. Finally, factory work could be dangerous. Fingers, hair, and clothing often got caught in the many gears and belts of machines, making accidents common. Also, textile mills were filled with cotton dust, which damaged the lungs of the workers who breathed it in. The underlined sentence states
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a
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[1] By the end of the 1800s, there was a change in the nature of the immigrants coming to the United States. [2] Immigration from Northern Europe—England, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia—declined, while immigration from Italy, Russia, and Austria-Hungary grew. [3] In fact, between 1900 and 1910, more than three-fourths of all immigrants came from these three countries. [4] Unfortunately, these countries were far removed from England, the home of our founders, and the immigrants who came from them had a hard time adjusting to life in their new country. Which sentence in the paragraph does not include facts to support the main ideas of the paragraph?
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d
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Samuel Slater worked in a textile factory in Britain. Britain was the first country to invent a machine that spins thread. This spinning machine sped up the production of cloth. The British wanted to maintain their manufacturing advantage, so it was illegal to take the plans for those machines out of the country. It was also illegal for trained textile workers to leave. However, Samuel Slater wanted to go to the United States, so he left Britain in disguise. Once he reached the United States, he built a spinning machine from memory. By doing so, he brought industrialization to America. Which of the following would be the best topic sentence to discuss Samuel Slater's influence on industrialization?
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c
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1. Many people moved to cities to find jobs in factories. By 1850, the population of Manchester, England reached about one million people. 2. Industrialization began in the textile industry in the 1730s with the invention of the flying shuttle. Over the next 50 years, new innovtions would dramatically change how textiles were made. 3. In the United States, the Second Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s resulted in tremendous advancements in new technologies. Advancements in steel manufacturing, electricity, and the telephone were important inventions of this era.Based on the information you were just given, which of the following would make the best topics for your body paragraphs?
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a
