The Unbiased Truth Of The Prostitutes Sociology Essay Example

prefer legalized harlotry.

By utilizing gender as the control variable, the research workers intend set up a important relationship between male 's attitudes towards harlotry, and its legalisation by taking a closer expression at variables of political and spiritual association, intoxicant and drug usage, age, matrimonial position, instruction, employment and household ties, to call a few.

Theoretical Model

Throughout the universe, adult females participate in harlotry for assorted grounds. Some embracing harlotry because of low-socioeconomics, drug maltreatment and household disorganisation, while others use it as a signifier of sexual control and laterality. Harmonizing to the work of sociologist Emile Durkheim, who developed the theoretical position of structural functionalism, offense is necessary for a functional society. One map of offense, and other aberrant behaviour, is that it strengthens group solidness to convey about societal alteration. `` The aberrant single violates the regulation of behavior that the remainder of the community holds in high respect and when these persons come together to show their indignation over the discourtesy, they develop a tighter bond of solidarity than existed earlier '' ( Erikson 66 ) .

In recent old ages, there has been a controversial argument over legalizing harlotry. Assorted issues such as health care, civil rights, and public safety have been decidedly debated in Congress and local authoritiess. Although structural functionalism, trades straight with some aspects of offense, it does non to the full explain the other societal behaviours which are indirectly related. Three other theories that may explicate these behaviours are the strain, conformance, and invention theories.

Robert Merton 's, strain theory, uses Durkheim 's construct of anomy or hopelessness to

explicate the principle behind most condemnable behaviour. Merton argues that when legitimate agencies of happening employment and/or assets are limited by society, societal environment, or household construction imposed on the person is what leads to offense. Some adult females are forced to come in a life of harlotry because they are unable to supply for themselves due to a deficiency of instruction, occupation accomplishments, and resources. Consequently, a province of anomy occurs and the female chooses illegitimate agencies to accomplish pecuniary ends. In Bombay, India, adult females participate in harlotry as a agency of employment, in order to back up their kids, because of the permeant poorness and gender favoritism ( World Focus 10 ) . Conformity occurs when persons accept culturally defined ends every bit good as the agencies of accomplishing such ends. Innovation occurs when an single accepts culturally defined ends but rejects the legitimate agencies of accomplishing them. Some adult females in the United States choose harlotry as a agency to get culturally defined ends such as personal belongings, and existent estate assets.

Social disorganisation and household disfunction may besides do adult females to take on a life of harlotry. Some household constructions are infested with societal disfunction such as kid maltreatment, spousal maltreatment, and drug or intoxicant maltreatment. Functionalists categorize the household as a societal establishment that performs maps for society including, bring forthing new members, modulating sexual behaviour and reproduction, socialising offspring, and supplying physical and emotional attention of household members.

Harmonizing to functionalists, the high figure of divorces and lifting figure of single-parent families constitutes a dislocation of the household establishment due to rapid societal alteration and societal disorganisation, the dislocation

in the household construction is correlated with the addition in offense, poorness, and substance maltreatment. Some adult females, who participate in harlotry, are merchandises of a broken household construction. Apparently, emotional and sexual maltreatment within a dysfunctional household construction may bring forth low-self regard, anomy, and sexual aberrance which can marginalise an person from mainstream society nevertheless ; symbolic interactionists have a different position on adult females who participate in harlotry. Symbolic interactionists such as laminitis Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead believed that society is viewed by symbols that define who and what we are. As a traditional gender function, females are conditioned to carry on themselves suitably within society. This theory may explicate why most adult females oppose the legalisation of harlotry and why most work forces do non. However, some female college pupils may hold with legalized harlotry because of feministic political orientation.

Symbolic interactionalists believe that society, and the media, portray male and female gender functions as being disproportional and prejudiced towards adult females ( Mooney 07 ) . There are gender differentiations and prejudices that interact with society and make a changeless misconception which remains in our life style. It is because of the alteration in matrimonial functions that personal and sexual desires take the topographic point of common committedness, monogamousness, and length of service. Both males and females have different thoughts and aims which obstruct the political orientation of matrimony and unwittingly produce instability in the relationship. Consequently, some married work forces look for sexual diverseness and company outside the matrimony ( Henslin 07 ) . Interestingly plenty, most married work forces are more likely to prefer legalized harlotry

opposed to individual work forces.

That last thing that will be discussed is the struggle position which hints that societal inequality leads persons to perpetrate offenses as a agency of economic endurance. Others, who are angry and frustrated by their by their low place on the socioeconomic ladder, show their fury and defeat though offense. Harmonizing to Marxist theoreticians, those in power define what is condemnable and what is non. The Torahs are created to protect the `` opinion category '' which benefits those in power and punishing those without. Most persons who are arrested for harlotry come from low-socioeconomic backgrounds and dysfunctional household constructions. Based on Conflict theory, there is a power battle within the sub-culture of harlotry. The world of sexually pull stringsing an single promotes a sense of power and control which does non be in mainstream society. This type of use can be best explained by discoursing sex sellers who use force as a method of haling adult females into a life of harlotry. Those who are in favour of the legalisation of harlotry believe that legalisation will command the sex trade industry and protect the rights of adult females who do non wish to take part in sexual Acts of the Apostless for money ( Obeng 08 ) .

Society has conflicting positions sing the advantages and disadvantages of harlotry but there are those that believe that the positions are gender related. Possibly the theoretical positions applied to our research will assist understand gender diverseness and attitudes while assisting understand how traditional gender functions contribute to attitudes towards legalized harlotry. Structural functionalists believe that health care and instruction are necessary for the

proper map of a well-organized society and are hence primary variables in the attitudes of harlotry. From a micro-sociological position, we need to analyze the epistemology of harlotry in American society and unwittingly, how it affects attitudes towards legalisation. Furthermore, are Americans abreast on the benefits and booby traps of legalized harlotry in other states such as Denmark, Canada, France, Mexico, Israel, England and the Netherlands where violent offenses are reported lower than the United States ( Liberator 04 ) ? Quantitatively, we will analyze the independent and step ining variables which manipulate attitudes towards legalized harlotry in the United States.

Literature Review

There have been many societies throughout the universe that have been plagued by the act of harlotry but it was non until the nineteenth century that the act became a multi-national political issue. There has besides been a menace to the cocotte 's wellness and wellbeing through the usage of force inflicted by those that are in charge of the cocotte 's occupation or calling. Barbara Brents ' and Kathryn Hausbeck 's journal article `` Violence and Legalized Brothel Prostitution in Nevada, '' discusses the usage of force by procurers, clients and whorehouse directors imposed on the cocottes involved. The hazard of force can come in many signifiers that include violent force from a client or procurer and besides the spread of sexually familial infections as a signifier of bodily force. This article took a sample of 40 cocottes and interviewed them with the focal point of force in the whorehouse community. They besides took this sample from 13 of the 26 whorehouses in Nevada. The interviews focused chiefly on the attitudes of the

cocottes towards force that may or may non happen within the whorehouse walls and besides if there is adequate grounds to back up the overall decriminalisation of harlotry in the United States. Politicians have been reasoning the thought that all cocottes have either been forced into or entered into harlotry on their ain free will, and so they are still abused by those associated with the act.

• The first statement about harlotry came from the abolitionist women's rightist motion which argued that immature guiltless adult females were lured into the life of harlotry and are continually degraded and coerced into illicit behaviours that are non justified by their business. The article besides goes into the safety concerns for cocottes and the ordinances and safety steps that are being utilized to cut down on force among the whorehouses in Nevada. Although the article discusses the force associated with harlotry, the general populace might hold their ain sentiments on how person becomes a cocotte.
• The 2nd article that will be discussed is by Melissa Farley, `` Bad for the Body, Bad for the Heart: Prostitution Harms Women Even if Legalized or Decriminalized '' that talks about the ways that Prostitution will ever be legal. It was a survey done in New Zealand that shows that ways that force and harlotry will ever coexist. This article besides talks about the wellness concerns for cocottes and their possible clients. It was concluded by the different studies of prostituted adult females and the mortality rates of them that cocotte are 40 times higher than those of the general population. They besides concluded that there is a higher hazard for cervical
  

malignant neoplastic disease and chronic hepatitis among them. They were able to interview an overpowering figure of Canadian cocottes that said that they were all victims of some kind of injury to the caput in which a comparatively high figure were killed due to blunt force injury brought on by hitting, kicking and holding one 's caput slammed into objects such as auto splashboards. The big Numberss of chronic wellness jobs are a consequence of drawn-out anguish and physical maltreatment. This diary article besides administered a study of those that were involved in the legalisation procedure of Victoria, Australia and concluded that whenever harlotry was legalized, there was a immense addition in the sum of street and brothel harlotry.

Many states outside of the United States, most normally Germany and the Netherlands, decriminalized harlotry in the 1980 's, nevertheless, it remains illegal in 49 out of 50 provinces here in the U.S. In the article `` Ten Reasons for Not Legalizing Prostitution and a Legal Response to the Demand for Prostitution, '' Janice Raymond looks at why harlotry is non tolerated here in the United Sates. Among the 10 grounds are:

•  Legalization would increase the sex industry
•  Legalization would no longer protect the adult females involved
•  Legalization will increase the demand for the act and promote work forces to purchase adult females, and do the act socially acceptable
•  Legalization will non advance the wellness of adult females.

These four above stated grounds most surely pertain to our intended research undertaking

in that they focus on why adult females are and should non be involved in harlotry, every bit good as how most work forces view harlotry. The inside informations of these grounds more specifically detail why some adult females engage in the act.

Steven P. Sawyer and Michael E. Metz, both from St. Paul Minnesota conducted a survey in 2008 implementing the usage of Attitudes towards Prostitution Scale. This survey was conducted to rate the single attitudes toward harlotry of work forces charged with buying sex from cocottes. 1,001 work forces from Oregon, California, Nevada, and Minnesota who have been charged with beging harlotry were involved in this survey. These work forces were asked a series of inquiry in order to rate their attitude toward harlotry. The study featured inquiries such as `` There is nil incorrect with harlotry, '' `` Women are cocottes because they want to be. It is their pick, '' and `` It would be O.K. if my girl grew up to be a cocotte. '' The work forces were asked to reply these inquiries with responses of strongly disagree, disagree, agree and strongly hold. Once the studies were completed, the consequences of the inquiries were combined to make an overall mark which would inform the research worker of one 's beliefs and willingness to prosecute in harlotry. Unfortunately, after all of the studies were compiled, there were no unequivocal decisions reached.

A survey conducted in 2005, by Thomas Holt, Kristie Blevins, and Joseph Kuhns called `` Analyzing the Displacement Practices of Johns with On-line Data, '' was performed to analyze how Johns use supplanting when interacting with cocottes and jurisprudence enforcement and

how online forums assist in this pattern.

This survey focused on 10 US metropoliss that have high harlotry apprehension informations available, these metropoliss are

• Elizabeth,
• New Jersey
• Atlanta, Georgia
• Hartford, Connecticut
• Inglewood, California
• Dayton, Ohio
• Chicago, Illinois
• Fort Worth, Texas
• Memphis, Tennessee
• Baltimore, Maryland
• and Las Vegas, Nevada.

The research workers for this article found an on-line forum covering with harlotry that catered to all of these metropoliss. The research workers so read stations on the forum and examined how displacement patterns were used by the Johns. They found that spacial, temporal, and tactical supplanting was all used by the Johns when there was a presence of jurisprudence enforcement. Spatial supplanting was used when Johns recognized constabularies presence in an country and suggested that others should travel elsewhere to prosecute in the Acts of the Apostless.

Temporal supplanting was used when Johns noticed a higher constabulary presence at certain times of the twenty-four hours and recommended coming back at different times. Tactical supplanting was used when Johns posted about different ways to pay for sex, posting about massage parlours and strip nines that others may desire to utilize. The survey found that the most common usage of supplanting patterns found on the forums was that of spacial supplanting and found that the cyberspace has provided Johns with a societal web in which they can pass on and interact with each other to minimise the opportunity of acquiring caught and maximise successful interactions with cocottes. The article goes on to propose that police interaction and over ticker of such online forums has been good in antagonizing the consequence of such networking therefore ensuing in the decision that no affair

what, Johns will happen a manner of communication and prosecuting in harlotry even when the menaces of penalty from bulls are about.

In Inna Alikhadzhieva 's journal article `` Public Opinion about Prostitution and Measures to Prevent It, '' a regional survey was conducted to mensurate the legalisation of harlotry. The chief intent was to spot the magnitude and societal danger of the phenomenon of harlotry. 'The diminution in the criterion of life of a significant part of the population, unemployment, and people 's sense of non being protected under the jurisprudence have led to the loss of moral psychological guidelines and to involvement in the sex concern '' ( Inna ) . The article examines the stopping point relationship between economic want in Russia and how it associates poorness or economic position with the battle in harlotry. The study besides tried to mensurate why person would prosecute in harlotry and the fortunes that would hold to happen to back up bar of it within the part as per the parents of kids that were surveyed to volunteer information on what they would make to forestall their kids from being sexually exploited. The consequences showed that most would prosecute in illegal activity to maintain kids from being exploited.

Steven Sawyer, Michael Metz, Jeffrey Hinds, and Roberta Brucker Jr. conducted research on males to mensurate attitudes on harlotry.

The primary aim of the article, `` Attitudes Towards Prostitution Among Males: A Consumers ' Report, '' was to examine the attitudes and beliefs about harlotry among work forces who use cocottes in order to better understand these work forces and derive some counsel for both societal policy every bit good

as more effectual intervention intercessions. The survey intended to examine the implicit in attitudes and beliefs about harlotry of work forces who use cocottes, to better understand why work forces engage in this illegal activity and to cast some visible radiation on possible intercessions, remedial intervention, and public policy issues in this country. The research workers hypothesized that attitudes may be a valuable consideration in understanding harlotry clients and that their attitudes towards harlotry may be farther influenced by basic demographic variables such as age, matrimonial position, educational degree, employment stableness, and sexual satisfaction.

Mensah Richard Obeng wrote an article entitled `` Should Prostitution be Legalized '' for Ghana Web, which contrasted legalized harlotry. Consequently, the article accentuates the statements against legalized harlotry and contradicts the premises for legalising harlotry in United States. The foundation of factors act uponing the positions of many people hinge on morality, civilization differences, spiritual considerations, human rights and political association. The writer asserts the premiss that legalized harlotry will non better health care for adult females nor will legalization supply protection from HIV or STDs. Furthermore, legalized harlotry will back up the debasement of adult females, increase sex trafficking, and farther endanger physical wellbeing of adult females who participate in the sex industry. Obeng focuses on an alternate position that substantiates the possible negative results of legalized harlotry in the US and other states.

Methodology

After careful reappraisal of the literature and analysing similar questionnaires used to mensurate attitudes of harlotry it was determined that there are many inquiries that can be utilized from other surveies that will help in developing a well-organized questionnaire that will prove the populace 's sentiment on

Prostitution. In the development of the questionnaire it was found that there must be specific demographic variables that will suit a broad scope of forces in order to divide different sociological groups.

Demographic variables such as: Gender, Race, Religion, Age Range, Political Party association, Employment position, and many others were incorporated to present statistics on whether or non there is a correlativity between the demographic variables and the person 's sentiment on harlotry. These types of demographic variables are otherwise known as independent variables because they are variables that typically can non be changed by any outside forces.

• The first half of the study will dwell of all of the different demographic variables,
• while the 2nd part will be a better strategically placed set of inquiries that will let people to uncover their sentiments on all kinds of different facets of harlotry.

Some illustrations of the inquiries that will be asked to the populace are:

1. Prostitution should be legal ;
2. Prostitutes enjoy their work ;
3. it would be O.K. if my girl grew up to be a cocotte ;
4. and so on.

After the series of inquiries are asked they will be coded to find finally whether or non the single replying the inquiry is more in favour of harlotry or against harlotry. The study receiver will be asked to react to the inquiries by circling the reply that best describes their feelings or attitudes on the topic. The replies of the inquiries will be modeled after the Likert Scale which includes: strongly differ, differ, neither agree or disagree, agree, and strongly hold. By inquiring the study receiver to reply the inquiries in this mode allows the surveyors

the ability to code the replies and invent a mark that will state the research workers whether or non the study receiver agrees or disagrees with the legalisation or decriminalisation or harlotry. The last set of coded inquiries are considered to be dependent variables because it is believed that there are many facets of life that will alter one 's positions or attitudes on the legalisation and decriminalisation of harlotry.

Once the questionnaire was developed, the study was so distributed indiscriminately to fifty males and 50 females in assorted schoolrooms at Old Dominion University and besides assorted transit and shopping countries in the Norfolk country. Once the studies are completed, the informations that was collected will be entered into SPSS and analyzed for correlativity. The correlativity can be determined through cross-tabulation of the variables that the research worker wants to analyse. For illustration, if the research worker wants to analyse the correlativity between the demographic variable of race and the study inquiry of whether or non harlotry should be legalized, so the research worker would put the two different variables into crosstabs and the end product would state the research worker whether or non there is a correlativity. The correlativity is generated by enabling the Chi Square and Cramer 's V checkbox and it is this that will bring forth the end product correlativity mark that will let for the research worker to see the ocular indicant of the correlativity between the variables. The procedure will so be repeated until it is determined which variables have an impact on one 's sentiment on the legalisation or decriminalisation of harlotry.