The Respiratory System Essay Example

pleurisy is associated with inflammation of the pleural membrane. Other respiratory problems include viral infections like influenza, sinusitis, and common cold. Influenza is caused by the influenza virus while common cold stems from a virus belonging to rhabdovirus family. Sinusitis refers to mild inflammation of sinus cavities (West et al., 1993). During fertilization process only one sperm cell is permitted to enter the oocyte. If more than one sperm enters it would result in an excessive number of chromosomes in the fertilized egg hindering embryo development (Pinon, 2006). However for final stage of fertilization several hundred or thousands of sperms are necessary as they aid breaking down jelly coating around ovum through enzymatic effects (Pinon, 2006). Polyspermy refers to the fertilization of an egg by multiple sperms, resulting in a zygote that carries multiple copies of each chromosome from both the female and each sperm involved (Pinon, 2006). This type of zygote is considered nonviable.
The role of genes in regulating cell division and differentiation is crucial for ensuring controlled proliferation, preventing uncontrolled cell growth that can lead to tumor formation. After the demise of the corpus luteum, it transforms into fibrous scar tissue called corpus albicans. The restoration of an organism's diploid nature occurs during fertilization when sperm and egg cells merge, with the resulting zygote inheriting one pair of chromosomes from each parent. The sex chromosomes inherited determine whether the organism will be male or female: females have XX sex chromosomes while males have XY sex chromosomes. If a father contributes an X chromosome, the organism will develop as a female (XX), whereas receiving a Y sex chromosome leads to male development (XY). In

addition to determining sex, various characteristics are also inherited from parents' genes, leading to variation.

Undernutrition has significant effects on brain development and intellectual capacity. It causes a decrease in glial cell quantity and can result in reduced intellectual capacity for individuals. Inadequate nutrition during fetal development greatly delays myelination process and subsequently slows down brain development. Moreover, undernutrition hampers axonal and dendritic processes' growth, further impeding brain development. Research conducted by Pinon in 2006 revealed that undernutrition leads to a decrease in synapses per neuron, which consequently causes decreased motor coordination in individuals.