The Immune System ATI – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Unless there are any specific contraindications, which of the following immunizations should adults receive once each year? a. varicella b. tetanus c. influenza d. hepatitis B
answer
c. influenza Rational: All adults should receive the seasonal influenza immunization once per year.
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to start ritonavir and zidovudine therapy to treat HIV-1. The health care professional should explain that the patient will receive ritonavir along with at least one reverse transcriptase inhibitor to: a. prevent an infusion reaction b. increase platelet production c. protect healthy cells from the toxic effects of ritonavir d. prevent drug resistance
answer
d. prevent drug resistance Rational: Give zidovudine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, along with ritonavir, a protease inhibitor, to reduce the risk for drug resistance and to increase drug effectiveness. Monotherapy with zidovudine quickly results in drug resistance, as it also the case with monotherapy with ritonavir
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking tamoxifen to treat breast cancer. The health care professional should recognize the need for cautions use of the drug if the patient also has which of the following? a. cataracts b. COPD c. diabetes mellitus d. alcohol use disorder
answer
a. cataracts
question
When considering drug therapy options for a patient who has metastatic breast cancer that is positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), the health care professional should choose which of the following drugs? a. trastuzumab b. imatinib c. leuprolide d. flutamide
answer
a. trastuzumab Rational: Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody and a pregnancy risk category D drug, treats metastatic breast cancer with tumors that over express.
question
While assessing a patient who is receiving interferon alfa-2a to treat Kaposi's sarcoma, the health care professional should check for which of the following possible indications of an adverse reaction? a. bradycardia b. dilated pupils c. fever d. constipation
answer
c. fever Rational: interferon alfa-2a, a biologic-response modifer, can cause a flu-like reaction, maifesting as fever, myalgia, and fatigue.
question
When caring for a patient who is taking flutamide to treat prostate cancer, the health care professional should monitor the patient which of the following adverse effects of the drug? a. dehydration b. gynecomastia c. constipation d. tachycardia
answer
b. gynecomastia Rational: Flutamide, an androgen receptor blocker, treats early and metastatic prostate cancer. It can cause gynecomastia, or growth of breast tissue, decreased libido, and impotence.
question
A health care professional is about to administer enfuvirtide to a patient. The health care professional should perform which of the following actions? (select all that apply) a. administer the drug subcutaneously b. discard unused portion c. roll the vial gently to reconstitute the solution d. inject the solution at room temperature e. expect a cloudy solution
answer
a. administer the drug subcutaneously c. roll the vial gently to reconstitute the solution d. inject the solution at room temperature Rational: The health care professional should administer enfuvirtide, a fusion inhibitor , subcutaneously, twice a day. Should roll the vial of enfuvirtide gently between the palms of the hands after adding sterile water for injection. This reconstitutes the drug. The health care professional may store unused solutions of enfuvirtide in a refrigerator up to 24 hr but must restore it to room temperature before injection.
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin receiving cisplatin to treat testicular cancer. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following adverse effects? (Select all that apply.) a. paresthesias b. sore throat c. flank pain d. tinnitus e. conjunctivitis
answer
a. paresthesias b. sore throat c. flank pain d. tinnitus Rational: Cisplatin, a platinum compound, can cause peripheral neuropathy, bone marrow depression, kidney toxicity, and cause ototoxicity.
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin maraviroc therapy. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following adverse effects of the drug? (select all that apply). a. paresthesias b. cough c. tinnitus d. jaundice e. fever
answer
a. paresthesias b. cough d.jaundice e. fever Rational: Maraviroc, a chemokine receptor 5 antagonist, can cause paresthesias, dizziness, and musculoskeletal pain, cause a cough and upper respiratory infection, can cause liver damage. Can cause a fever and sinus infection.
question
A health care professional should question the use of maraviroc for a patient who has which of the following? a. diabetes mellitus b. meningeal infection c. panreatitis d. non-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-tropic HIV-1
answer
d. non-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5)-tropic HIV-1 Rational: Maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, acts by binding to CCR5 and preventing HIV-1 from entering the cell. It is only effective for patients who have CCR5-tropic HIV-1. It is contraindicated for those who do not have CCR5-tropic HIV-1.
question
A health care professional should understand that raltegravir treats patients who have which of the following? a. hairy cell leukemia b. thyroid cancer c. kaposi's sarcoma d. resistant HIV disease
answer
d. resistant HIV disease Rational: Raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, along with other antiretroviral drugs, treats HIV disease that is resistance to other drugs. Health care professionals should always give the drug along with other antiretroviral drugs
question
A health care professional is about to administer IV paclitaxel to a patient who has ovarian cancer. Which of the following actions should the health care professional take? (select all that apply.) a. give the patient an antihistamine b. infuse the drug over 1 hr c. administer the drug through non-PVC tubing d. use an in-line filter e. add heparin to the paclitaxel solution
answer
a. give the patient an antihistamine c. administer the drug through non-PVC tubing d. use an in-line filter
question
When talking to a patient who is about to begin vincristine therapy to treat lymphoma, the health care professional should include which of the following instructions? a. increase fiber intake b. report tinnitus or vertigo c. take the drug with 8 oz of water d. allow 4 hr before taking an antacid
answer
a. increase fiber intake Rational: vincristine, a vinca alkaloid, can cause severe constipation and upper colon fecal impaction. The health care professional should monitor the patient's bowel function and palpate the abdomen for distention. The patient should increase fluid and fiber intake, and take stool softeners.
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking imatinib to treat chronic myeloid leukemia. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include when talking to the patient about taking the drug? (select all that apply.) a. clean fruits and vegetables thoroughly b. increase calcium intake c. weight yourself daily d. perform hand hygiene frequently e. avoid herbal supplements
answer
a. clean fruits and vegetables thoroughly c. weigh yourself daily d. perform hand hygiene frequently e. avoid herbal supplements Rational: Imatinib, a targeted antineoplastic drug, can cause bone marrow suppression. The health care professional should tell the patient to clean fruits and vegetables carefully and completely to prevent transmission of bacteria. Can cause fluid retention and weight gain, record daily weights and watch for edema. Can cause bone marrow suppresion, and prevent exposure to illness. St. John's wort can decrease imatinib levels.
question
A health care professional should understand that enfuvirtide is an appropraite choice for patients who have which of the following? a. advanced prostate cancer b. primary brain tumors c. advanced HIV disease d. metastatic ovarian cancer
answer
c. advanced HIV disease Rational: Enfuvirtide, a fusion inhibitor, treats HIV disease that is advanced or resistance to other types of treatment.
question
A health care professional should question the use of anastrozole for a patient who is: a. allergic to salicylates b premenopausal c. hearing impaired d. immunocompromised
answer
b. premenopausal Rational: Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, treats early or advanced estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It is contraindicated for women who are premenopausal as well as for women who are postmenopausal but are taking estrogen. Anastrolzole stops tumor growth by inhibiting estrogen synthesis.
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin topotecan therapy to treat resistant, small-cell lung cancer. The health care professional should caution the patient about taking which of the following types of over-the-counter drugs while receiving the therapy? a. Folic acid b. St. John's wort c. Ibuprofen d. aluminum hydroxide
answer
c. ibuprofen Rational: NSAIDs, anticoagulants, and antiplatelet drugs increases the patient's risk for bleeding while receiving topotecan, a topoisomerase inhibitor. The health care professional should advise the patient against taking aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs during the therapy
question
A health care professional is assessing a patient following a trastuzumab infusion to treat metastatic breast cancer. Which of the following findings indicates an adverse reaction to the drug? (select all that apply) a. wheezing b. dysrhythmias c. hypotension d. fever e. ascites
answer
a. wheezing b. dysrhythmias c. hypotension d. fever Rational: Adverse Effects: severe allergic reaction manifesting as hives, bronchospasm, hypotension, hypoxia, dyspnea, and wheezing. Cardiotoxicity, manifesting as ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, and dysrhythmias. Can cause flu-like reactions, fever, chills, nausea, and headache.
question
A health care professional should question the use of cyclophosphamide for a patient who has which of the following? a. raynaud's syndrome b. dehydration c. jaundice d. charcot-marie-tooth syndrome
answer
b. dehydration Rational: Cyclophosphamide, a nitrogen mustard, is contraindicated for patients who have a fluid-volume deficit because dehydration increases the risk for renal toxicity
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin delavirdine therapy to treat HIV-1. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following adverse reactions to the drug? a. rash b. insomnia c. rhinitis d. alopecia
answer
a. rash Rational: Delavirdine, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, can cause a rash. Tell the patient to report a rash, which can occur 1 to 3 weeks after therapy, because it can develop into Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a potentially life-threatening complication
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin intrathecal cytarabine therapy to treat meningeal leukemia. The health care professional should explain that the patient should also receive which of the following drugs to reduce the risk of neurotoxicity? a. diphenhydramine b. leucovorin c. folic acid d. dexamethasone
answer
d. dexamethasone Rational: With the intrathecal form of cytarabine, the patient should also receive dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid, to help decrease the inflammation of the arachnoid that the drug can cause. IV dexamethasone reduces the patient's risk for neurotoxicity.
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is receiving IV carmustine to treat multiple myeloma. The health care professional should recognize that the patient is at the greatest risk for infection for which of the following lengths of time after the infusion? a. 24 hr b. 1 week c. 2 week d. 4 to 6 weeks
answer
d. 4 to 6 weeks Rational: Carmustine, a nitrosurea drug, can cause delayed bone marrow suppression. Thrombocytes and leukocytes reach nadirs at 4 to 6 weeks following IV infusion. The patient should use hand hygiene often and wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly
question
When talking to a patient who is about to begin methotrexate therapy to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the health care professional should include which of the following instructions?a. take echinacea supplements b. use a soft-bristled toothbrush c. take aspirin to reduce muscle pain d. urinate every 4 hr
answer
b. use a soft-bristled toothbrush Rational: Methotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, can cause severe bone marrow suppression with decreased thrombocyte counts and also oral and GI ulceration. Patients should use a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding and mouth trauma
question
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking mercaptopurine to treat leukemia. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include when talking with the patient about the drug? (select all that apply). a. use contraception if pregnancy is at risk b. perform oral hygiene frequently c. avoid activities that require mental alertness d. perform hand hygiene frequently e. avoid activities that can cause injury
answer
a. use contraception if pregnancy is at risk b. perform oral hygiene frequently d. perform hand hygiene frequently e. avoid activities that can cause injury Rational: Mercaptopurine, a purine analog, is a pregnancy risk category D drug. Can cause stomatitis, and patient should perform frequent oral hygiene to help prevent or minimize this adverse effect. Can cause neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and monitor patients' CBC throughout treatment and avoid activities that can cause injury and report easy or unexplained bruising or bleeding.
question
When caring for a patient who is receiving vincristine to treat lung cancer, the health care professional should monitor for which of the following findings that indicates an adverse effect? a. weak hand grasps b. constricted pupils c. bradycardia d. crackles
answer
a. weak hand grasps Rational: Vincristine, a vinca alkaloid, can cause peripheral neuropathy. The health care professional should monitor deep-tendon reflexes and the strength and movement of the hands and feet.
