The Hospitality Industry Of Manchester England Tourism Essay Example

of employment. Immigrants also bring diversity to the country, which Aghazadeh, 2004 defines as a social system developed by individuals from different cultures. This diversity not only bridges statistical gaps but also fulfills the need for various skillsets. Moreover, efficient and effective management of diversity can prove to be a strength for industries in both short and long term perspectives. However, managers should understand the sensitivity of diversity in order to handle its effects properly. It is worth noting that immigration has been practiced in the UK since the early 1950s, with a significant increase occurring after the formation of the European Union and Prime Minister Tony Blair's introduction of an open-door policy for skilled individuals in 2000 (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2000).The focus of this study is on Manchester, a city in the Northwest of England with a population of approximately 2,600,100. Manchester has a significant immigrant population, comprising around 14% of its residents. This research aims to explore the growth and challenges faced by immigrants in the hospitality industry within Intercontinental Hotels Group (IHG) specifically in Manchester. The researcher's personal experiences have sparked an interest in this topic as Manchester stands out compared to other cities. Being the largest city in North West England and the third-largest city in the UK, it attracts a diverse range of individuals. The multicultural background created by the large percentage of immigrants residing here plays a crucial role within organizations like IHG. In the hospitality industry, civilization plays a key role due to its round-the-clock operation. Factors such as religion, ideologies, values, and education shape the atmosphere within this sector and significantly impact business success (V Miroshnik, 2002).

An organization must value employees' backgrounds and cultural heritage alongside their individual abilities for optimal performance.The increasing demand and market share in the hospitality industry have created various opportunities for recruitment of foreign workers, resulting in cultural diversity. However, this diversity sometimes leads to aggression among the local population. In the past, only British citizens were given local jobs, but now they are shared among different groups. Due to the ongoing world financial crisis, many employers have downsized and hired foreign workers in industries like hospitality and oil refineries in the UK, causing frustration among British workers who have lost their jobs. This situation has greatly disturbed the local population. Last year, employees at Lindsey oil refinery in Lincolnshire went on strike to express their dissatisfaction with hiring foreign workers instead of utilizing available local workforce (British Broadcasting Corporation, 2009). According to Kleiner (1996), recruiting multicultural employees in industries such as hospitality is not straightforward due to complicated human behavior when people from different cultures and norms are involved. This complexity can negatively impact individuals' self-esteem. Managers often take unusual actions to transmit their values to a diverse workforce by transferring values within an organization as a way of preparing all employees to achieve organizational goals.Leaders have the responsibility of implementing these values in a suitable manner, which should also educate both the majority and minority groups on the new program. They must carefully examine the restructuring of new programs due to their challenging nature and associated risks. In the current era, the trade of goods, services, people, and technologies is significantly transforming the global environment. This has brought countries closer than ever before. Some

actively participate in globalization by implementing their own policies that are accepted by others; however, there are also a few lagging behind due to various reasons. The world seems like one nation when it comes to business, education, leisure, etc., thanks to "Globalization." This phenomenon allows individuals to move from one country to another for many beneficial reasons without limitations imposed by geographical boundaries or timeframes. When employees from different backgrounds move from one place to another, it changes the work atmosphere in host countries. The UK has been experiencing this for a long time and is now known as one of the most multicultural countries globally.The text highlights the importance of multiculturalism and workforce diversity in a country, attributing it to an increase in foreign individuals settling within the country (Nathan, 2008). It states that the number of challenges and struggles faced by a country is directly influenced by the number of cultures present. Additionally, it discusses how diversity plays a significant role in the hospitality industry, particularly mentioning that a culturally diverse workforce contributes to its success. The text also notes that the UK's labor market has become more diverse due to hiring workers from different countries with varied backgrounds.

Furthermore, it emphasizes the critical role played by the hospitality industry in generating revenue for a country. With over 2 million employees across 300,000 establishments including contract food services, pubs, restaurants, and hotels, this sector generates over ?40 billion. Consequently, it is recognized as the largest business sector in the UK.

Moreover, Manchester is highlighted as being one of the second-largest cities in the UK and attracting many migrants due to high demand for work

opportunities. This demand is met by both international and local employees.

Finally, information about Intercontinental Hotel Group (IHG) is provided. IHG consists of approximately 4500 hotels with around 650,000 rooms under various well-known brands.IHG, the world's largest company in the hospitality sector, recorded an operating profit of $363 million in 2009. With approximately 340,000 employees across its franchised, owned, managed, or leased properties worldwide.

The research question to be addressed is: What are the significant effects of having a workforce from different cultural backgrounds on the working environment of IHG hotel Manchester? This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by multicultural employees in the hospitality industry at IHG Manchester. It will explore how managers and organizations effectively manage a diverse workforce.

The research focuses on analyzing the impact of cultural diversity among employees within Manchester's hospitality industry, particularly at IHG. The objectives include identifying barriers faced by multicultural employees and exploring attitudes that can overcome these barriers.The research aims to examine how management in the hospitality industry addresses the challenges of managing a culturally diverse workforce. This includes analyzing effective policies adopted by hotels. The study also explores labor market tendencies in the UK related to migrants, particularly in the hospitality sector. It investigates past and current movement of workers from European and non-European countries to the UK. Additionally, it considers government policies and attitudes towards organizations that hire employees from diverse cultural backgrounds. The research methodology is crucial for understanding the steps taken by the researcher in collecting and analyzing data related to the topic. According to Creswell (2009), research methodology is an ongoing process that involves gathering and analyzing data. Many authors emphasize that research

consists of two main components: basic research, which enhances understanding within an organization, and applied research, which evaluates various solutions (Sekran, 2003).Applied research aims to solve problems using the findings from ongoing research in the hospitality industry. It covers various elements such as behavior, policies, sociology, and statistics. The researcher incorporates both basic and applied research to gain different perspectives on issues and problems. Key steps for conducting meaningful research include qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Using a mixed methodological approach is believed to be the best way to conduct research in the hospitality industry due to its complexity and ability to explore core issues more deeply. This approach highlights the research problem more clearly according to Higgins (2009).The researcher has chosen a mixed method approach to comprehensively understand the challenges faced by employees from different cultural backgrounds in the UK hospitality industry, specifically within IHG hotels. This approach allows for gathering important figures and addressing behavioral concerns, providing meaningful information to aid decision-making. By combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, the researcher acknowledges the significance of both facts and human behavior in this research. The qualitative approach will focus on employee behavior while the quantitative approach will address statistical data requirements. To avoid inefficiencies, it is necessary to use multiple methods when researching challenges in the UK hospitality industry. For example, when examining challenges related to quantitative tools like questionnaires and interviews, considering daily life can become confusing and unbalanced. Gardner et al.(2004) referred to this use of multiple methods as "triangulation". Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches will minimize disadvantages of a single research method. The qualitative approach, also known as phenomenological, combines Greek

words for appearance and evidence/words.In the context of science, phenomenology is a philosophical approach that delves into the significance of entities within our human environment. It involves examining the external world, which we do not have direct access to. Crotty (2003) supports this notion and suggests that this methodology is well-suited for studying sociological phenomena. The strength of employing this approach in diverse method research lies in its ability to generate natural and adaptable results, enabling a precise understanding of attitudes and conditions within an organization. Additionally, this approach allows researchers to explore a wide range of subjective issues.

For this particular study on the hospitality industry, a qualitative approach is necessary as it focuses on societal factors, attitudes, reactions, and expectations among a diverse workforce. Through this approach, researchers can consider the emotions, experiences, and challenges faced by individuals and groups during analysis while incorporating different perspectives and opinions. However, despite its numerous advantages, there are limitations that must be carefully addressed by researchers. Bell et al.(2003) highlight concerns about the lack of "external proof" as well as potential generalization issues stemming from small sample sizes and reliance on case studies.

In conducting this research, qualitative data will be collected using case studies and ethnographic techniques.Case studies involve a detailed analysis of individuals, groups, organizations, or other social units. The research in this study will utilize the Case survey technique as it effectively addresses problems and provides solutions. The research will be conducted comprehensively, focusing on specific issues and related problems.

To explore the cultural backgrounds of the diverse workforce at IHG, an ethnographic approach will be employed as the second method in this research. Descriptive anthropology

aims to comprehensively describe the norms and aspects of a group with diverse cultures to gain a better understanding of individuals and their behaviors. In this research, descriptive anthropology will take an Emic perspective, considering the insider's viewpoint and facilitating a deeper understanding of the multicultural workforce.

The quantitative approach, also known as the positive approach, deals with data based on facts, figures, and statistics. It primarily uses closed-ended information such as checklists, records, and surveys. Implementing the positive approach in this mixed methods research helps balance the research by incorporating factual information directly or indirectly related to ideas,
behaviors, and attitudes.The quantitative approach provides extensive organizational statistics compared to the qualitative approach. The survey will be used to gather quantitative information about various organizations, achieving the goals of a quantitative approach. According to Crotty (2003), surveys collect quantitative data about a subject in a population. Surveys are chosen as a technique for their detailed outcomes. These surveys help collect data from leaders, managers, and employees of Intercontinental Hotel Group. Questionnaires play a dominant role in this research on challenges faced by IHG employees in North West England. The researcher will first focus on quantitative data regarding individuals working at IHG. The second step involves collecting qualitative data for analyzing behavioral aspects within the organization through phenomenological analysis of the quantitative results.In the final step, data collected from both approaches will be evaluated equally to attain coherent conclusions. To gather qualitative information for our research, semi-structured interviews and observations will be utilized. Questionnaires will be employed for quantitative information. The research objectives will be carefully considered before deciding on the methods of information collection to ensure appropriate

selection. As a result, three different methods of information collection have been chosen.

Conducting interviews with individuals is a common method for gathering qualitative data, especially in case study research scenarios. Additionally, questionnaires will collect data from individuals who cannot be interviewed due to time constraints, location limitations, availability issues, or other restrictions. Secondary sources of data such as websites, organizational documents, previous studies, journals, and articles will also contribute to gathering relevant data for this research and providing contextualization for the findings.

Ethical considerations and guidelines hold utmost significance throughout the research process. Therefore it is essential to prioritize and adhere to them when conducting this research work. I am committed to ensuring ethical practices are followed regarding the use of information in my study.I will guarantee honesty in the processing and reporting of data, while also preventing bias during data collection and analysis. I will make sure to avoid any omissions or mistakes in data analysis and maintain records of all sources used. I acknowledge that plagiarism is a severe academic violation, therefore I commit not to copy or plagiarize other researchers' work. Furthermore, I will accurately cite all sources and provide complete references.