The Heart – Flashcard Test Questions
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Pulmonary circuit systemic circuit
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2 divisions of the vascular system
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Lungs
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Pulmonary circuit is to..
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The body
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Systemic circuit is to..
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Arteries Yes
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(efferent vessels) go away from the heart Oxygenated?
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Veins No
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(Afferent vessels) Go to the hearts Oxygenated?
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Capillaries
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Small vessels for gas exchange
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Valves closing
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Hearts sounds are made by the
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Interventricular & Interatrial Septum
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Left & right side of heart is divided by the..
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Left Atrium Right Atrium Left Ventricular Right Ventricular
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4 chambers of the heart
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Left atrium
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Receives blood from lungs
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Left Ventricle
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Pumps blood to body
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Right atrium
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receives blood from body
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Right Ventricle
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Pumps blood to lungs
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Coronary Artieries
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Oxygenate the heart muscle
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Pericardium/epicaridum Myocardium Endocaridum
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3 parts of the heart wall
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Myocaridum
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Muscular wall of the heart
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Endocardium
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Heart's inner surface and valves
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Rigt AV/ Tricuspid Valve Left AV/Bicuspid/Mitral Valve Pulmonary Semilunar valve Aortic Semilunar valve
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4 valves of the heart
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Chordae Tendineae attach valves to papillary muscles & prevent the backflow of blood
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Function of the valves
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Systole
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When the ventricles are contracted
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Diastole
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When the ventricles are relaxed
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Aorta
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Allows blood to leave left ventricle and go to body (O2 is present)
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Inferior/superior Vena Cava
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Brings blood back to the right atrium (no O2)
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Pulmonary artery
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Sends blood from right ventricle to the lungs (no O2)
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Pulmonary vein
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Brings blood from the lungs to the left atrium (O2 is present)
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1. SA node fires causing right, then left, atrium to contract 2. Impulse hits AV node 3. The AV node sends impulse down Bundle o His in interventricular septum 4. Bundle of His branches into Purkinje fibers and goes to left and right ventricles 5. Right, and then left, ventricle contract
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Electrical impulses and Heart contraction steps
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Detects electricity of the heart with leads and allows doctors to see if the heart is beating properly or if you have any arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats)
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What is the purpose of an Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)?
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P Wave
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Impulse spreads across the atria and the contract
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QRS Complex
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Impulse spreads to ventricles triggering contractions; represents depolarization of the ventricular myocardium
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T Wave
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Ventricles return to resting state (repolarization)
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70-80 bpm
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Normal "sinus" rhythm
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Bradycardia
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Abnormally slow heartbeat (< 60 bpm)
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Tachycardia
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Abnormally rapid heart beat (>100 bpm)
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Heart block
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Damage to cond. paths disrupts normal rhythm
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Fibrillation
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Uncoordinated contraction that prevents normal function
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Angina Pectoris
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Severe chest pain resulting from temporary loss of blood due to exertion or stress
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Cardiac output
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The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute
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5 liters/min
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Average cardiac output
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CO=SVxHR
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Equation for cardiac output
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1 minute
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How long does it take for all of your blood to pass through your body once?
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During exercise more blood enters the ventricles causing them to stretch which in turn causes a harder contraction forcing more blood out
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Starling's Law
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Stroke Volume
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Determines force of heart beat
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They are similar to human hearts in structure, size and function
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Why are pig/sheep/cow hearts used to study the anatomy of the human heart
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Systole is when the ventricles are contracted Diastole is when the ventricles are relaxed
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Systole vs. Diastole
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Rt-Lungs L-Rest of body
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Right and left side pumps blood where?
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Walls of the ventricles are thick and muscular to be able to push blood away from the heart; atria is thinner because very little force is needed
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Walls of the ventricles vs, walls of the ventricles
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Aorta because it has to transport blood to the entire body
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Largest artery and why?
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they supply blood with oxygen and nutrients to the heart
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Purpose of coronary arteries
