The Critical Triad: Decision Making, Management, and Leadership – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Decision Making
answer
Purposeful, goal-directed effort using a systematic process to choose a particular course of action among options
question
Do all decisions begin with problems?
answer
Nope
question
Problem Solving
answer
Process of focusing on an immediate problem to create resolution between the gap of what is and what should be
question
Similar to critical thinking
answer
Reflective thinking
question
Theoretical Approaches - example
answer
Nursing process A D P I E
question
Essential elements in decision making
answer
Define objective clearly Gather data carefully Use an evidenced-based approach Generate many alternatives Think logically Choose and act decisively
question
Decision making in organizations
answer
Recurrent and routine Satisficing (good enough) Opitmizing (best possible)
question
Resources for decision making
answer
Professional journals, textbooks, libraries, online Professional conferences Policy and procedure manuals Experienced colleagues Decision making tools
question
Complexity theory
answer
Systems interact and adapt Decision-making occurs throughout the system (not just in the hierarchy; every voice counts)
question
Are leadership and management the same?
answer
Nope
question
When are managers more effective?
answer
When they have good leadership skills
question
Management
answer
Emphasizes control
question
Leadership
answer
Increases productivity by maximizing workforce effectiveness
question
Leaders
answer
Focus on future Create change Create shared values Emotional link w/followers Personal power Focus on group process, info gathering, feedback, empowering others
question
Managers
answer
Focus on present Maintain stability and status quo Implement specific functions Aloof to maintain objectivity Position power Emphasize control, decision making, decision analysis, results
question
Evolution of management theory
answer
Scientific management Management functions Human relations era: (Participative management, Hawthorne effect, Theory X, Theory Y, employee participation)
question
Theory X managers
answer
Believe employees basically lazy - need constant supervision and direction and are indifferent to organizational needs
question
Theory Y managers
answer
Believe employees enjoy their work, are self-motivated, are willing to work hard to meet personal and organizational needs
question
Management functions
answer
Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling
question
Planning
answer
Determining philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, procedures, and rules; carrying out long/short range projections; determining a fiscal course of action; and managing planned change
question
Organizing
answer
Establishing the structure to carry out plans Determining the most appropriate type of pt care delivery Grouping activities to meet unit goals Working within structure of organization and understanding and using power and authority appropriately
question
Staffing
answer
Recruiting, hiring, orienting Scheduling Staff development Employee socialization Team building
question
Directing
answer
HR management responsibilities - motivating, managing conflict, delegating, communicating, facilitating collaboration
question
Controlling
answer
Performance appraisals Fiscal accountability Quality control Legal Ethical control Professional/collegial control
question
Autocratic
answer
Decision by leader
question
Consultative
answer
Group participates Leader decides
question
Joint
answer
Group decides with the leader
question
Delegated
answer
Group makes decision w/o the leader
question
Does a job title make someone a leader?
answer
Nope (behavior)
question
Evolution of leadership theory
answer
Great Man/Trait theories (1900's) 1940's - today => Human relationship Era
question
Human Relationship Era
answer
Behavorial Situational and Contigency Interactional Transactional/Transformational Full-Range Leadership Competencies Integrated Manager-Leader
question
Leadership Theories - behavioral (focuses on behavior of leaders) (3)
answer
Authoritarian Democratic Laissez-Faire
question
Which leadership theory behavior may result in higher turnover, less motivation, etc?
answer
Authoritarian/Autocratic
question
Which leadership theory behavior takes the longest => <efficiency?
answer
Democratic/Participative
question
Leadership - Interactional Thoeries
answer
View leadership from a group interaction perspective
question
Interactional Theories - factors
answer
Have strong ethical basis Gained momentum p Enron, etc. Kanter - empowerment and organizational structure (opportunity, power, proportion)
question
Leadership - Transactional theory
answer
Focuses on mgmt tasks Is a caretaker Trade-offs to meet goals Doesn't ID/share values Examines causes Uses contingency reward
question
Leadership - Transformational Theory
answer
IDs common values Committed to growth Inspires others w/vision Long-term vision Looks at effects Empowers others
question
Leadership - Full Range theory
answer
Identifies 9 factors of leadership
question
Strength-Based Leadership
answer
Know your strengths and invest in other's strengths Right strengths on your team Understand and meet team members' 4 basic needs
question
Team members' 4 basic needs
answer
Trust Compassion Stability Hope
question
Level 5 leadership - Level 1
answer
Highly capable individual
question
Level 5 leadership - Level 2
answer
Contributing Team member
question
Level 5 leadership - Level 3
answer
Competent manager
question
Level 5 leadership - Level 4
answer
Effective leader
question
Level 5 leadership - Level
answer
Great leader
question
Servant leadership
answer
Leader serves others (employee, employer, customer, community) Hears, listens, deals w/complex stuff, etc. Servant/helper/teacher first - leader 2nd
question
Principal Agent Theory (Platoon)
answer
Followers (agents) may have an informational (expertise/knowledge) advantage over the leader (principle) as well as their own preferences, which may deviate from the principal's
question
Principle agent theory may lead to
answer
Misalignment of goals
question
Human and Social Capital Theory - Human Capital
answer
Capability of the individual Organizations offer work to >human capital
question
Human and Social Capital Theory - Social Capital
answer
What a group can accomplish together May also refer to social connectedness within community
question
Emotional Intelligence
answer
Ability to use emotions effectively and is required by leaders/managers in order to enhance their success
question
Emotional intelligence is critical for
answer
Building a cooperative and effective team
question
Emotional Intelligence - 4 skills
answer
Self awareness Self management Social awareness Relationship management
question
Authentic (Congruent) Leadership
answer
Leaders must be true to themselves and their values Match with organization's
question
Authentic (Congruent) Leadership - Williams calls this
answer
Willingness to stick with one's values and principles about work and people, despite pressure to deliver results, transparent integrity
question
Thought Leadership
answer
Convince another individual to consider a new idea, product, way of looking at things
question
Thought leaders
answer
Attract followers by their risk taking and vision in terms of being innovative
question
To be recognized as a thought leader
answer
Choose ideas that make a significant difference versus those that have marginal impact
question
Quantum Leadership
answer
The environment and context in which people work is complex and dynamic and that this has direct impact on organizational productivity
question
Quantum Leadership - Change is
answer
Constant (Guide others to prepare and go through future changes)