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Audience Analysis
Fashion
Open Ended Question
Speech 211 – Flashcards 94 terms

Tiffany Hanchett
94 terms
Preview
Speech 211 – Flashcards
question
The process of audience analysis and adaptation affects every aspect of speech preparation from choosing a topic to delivering the speech. True False
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True
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A speaker's frame of reference and a listener's frame of reference will never be exactly the same. True False
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True
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Both public speaking and conversation involve adapting to listener feedback. True False
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True
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Public speaking is more highly structured than everyday conversation. True False
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True
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Public speaking usually requires more formal language than everyday conversation. True False
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True
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Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message. True False
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True
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A listener's ethical obligations include a. being courteous and attentive during a speech. b. agreeing with everything a speaker says. c. maintaining the free and open expression of ideas. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.
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e. a and c only.
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According to your textbook, the branch of philosophy that deals with human issues of right and wrong is termed Select one: morality existentialism ethics legality rationality
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Ethics
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According to your textbook, __________ plagiarism occurs when a speaker copies word for word from two or three sources. Select one: secondary global patchwork partial incrementa
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Patchwork
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The three kinds of plagiarism discussed in your textbook are Select one: literary plagiarism, scientific plagiarism, and speech plagiarism. global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism. universal plagiarism, incremental plagiarism, and accidental plagiarism. essential plagiarism, incidental plagiarism, and global plagiarism.
answer
global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism.
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Public speakers who seek to communicate with listeners from cultures other than their own need to take special care to avoid __________ in their speeches. Select one: ethnocentrism personal statements visual aids gestures vocalized pauses
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ethnocentrism
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Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the three major kinds of drone aircraft used by the U.S. military"? Select one: topical chronological spatial causal analytical
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Tropical
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According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech? Select one: It is hard to deliver a speech extemporaneously if it has too many main points. It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points. It is hard to phrase the central idea if a speech has too many main points. It is hard to maintain parallel wording if there are too many main points. It is hard to organize supporting materials if there are too many main points.
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It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.
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The topical pattern of organization divides the topic of the speech into logical and consistent subtopics. True False
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True
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When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually Select one: none of these gain the attention and interest of your audience. establish your credibility on the speech topic. all of these preview the main points to be discussed in the body.
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All of these
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When arranged in topical order, the main points of a speech usually follow a time sequence. Select one: True False
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False
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According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? "In order to get a better understanding of how the proposed copper mine will harm the environment, we shall consider its effects on the land, its effects on the water, and its effects on wildlife." Select one: signpost internal summary internal preview bridge tranistion
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Internal Preview
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One function of a speech conclusion is to reinforce the speaker's central idea. Select one: True False
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True
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Like the main points of a speech, subpoints and supporting materials also should be strategically organized. Select one: True False
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True
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When developing a speech, you should try to roughly balance the amount of time devoted to each main point. Select one: True False
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True
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According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of a transition: "Now that we've seen how binge drinking is a serious problem for many students, let's look at some ways to help curb the problem." Select one: True False
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True
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A preparation outline should include your bibliography. Select one: True Correct False
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True
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Even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always Select one: tell an inspiring story. relate the topic to the audience. startle the audience. present striking statistics. use a rhetorical question.
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Relate the topic to the audience
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According to your textbook, how well a speech is organized likely will influence Select one: how confident the speaker feels about his or her delivery. none of these how clearly the audience understands the speech. how the audience views the competence of the speaker. all of these
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All of these
question
Which of the following does your textbook recommend for preparing main points? Select one: none of these all of these Devote each main point to a separate aspect of the topic. Be sure to use a visual aid with each main point. Limit the number of main points to between two and five.
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Devote each main point to a separate aspect of the topic.
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Regardless of what other methods you use to gain attention, you should always relate the topic to your audience in the introduction of a speech. Select one: True False
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True
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Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should Select one: keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process. use any means necessary to gain the assent of the audience. none of these avoid choosing topics that are controversial.
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keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process.
question
You are giving a speech to a high school audience about the importance of voting in the upcoming election. Who is your primary target audience? Select one: students apathetic about politics students old enough to vote students apathetic about politics students curious about the political process
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students old enough to vote
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Which of the concepts/terms listed below is not part of the rhetorical foreground? Select one: occasion exigence message speaker outline
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Outline
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Communication scholars use the term "egocentricism" to refer to the process by which speakers seek to create a bond with audiences by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences. Select one: True False
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False
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Audience adaptation is an important factor in which of the following steps of the speechmaking process? Select one: all of these writing an introduction and conclusion none of these formulating a specific purpose choosing visual aids
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All of these
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Audience size, the physical setting for the speech, and the audience's disposition toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion are all elements of situational audience analysis. Select one: True False
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True
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Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people or assuming that all members of the group are alike is called Select one: sensationalism egocentricism genotyping stereotyping ethnocentricism
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Stereotyping
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Gender, sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, and group membership are all factors to consider when conducting a demographic audience analysis. Select one: True False
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True
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Constraints are both internal and external obstacles that stand in the way of a problem's successful resolution. Select one: True False
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True
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The process of audience analysis and adaptation affects every aspect of speech preparation from choosing a topic to delivering the speech. Select one: True False
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True
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Creating mental images of objects, actions, and ideas.
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Imagery
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What a word does rather than what it refers to; tied to immediate context.
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Practical meaning
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The literal meaning most people associate with a word
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Denotative meaning
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A type of meaning that we attach a positive or negative value to, determined by tone
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Cognitive meaning
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Secondary demonstrative or connotative meanings
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Associated meaning
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Physical activity Sports Basketball Professional basketball Kobe Bryant Abstract -> Concrete
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Abstract Vs. Concrete
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The words and phrases you choose to use in your speech/
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Figurative style
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1. Different types of meaning and context 2. Concrete words 3. Using examples 4. Tropes 5. Figures of speech
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Types of Figurative Styles
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Occasion Audience Topic Speaker
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Appropriate Language
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Objects Photos Graphs Drawings Charts Powerpoints
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Kinds of Visual Aids
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Show statistical trends & patterns
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Graphs
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Summarize large block of info, usually a list
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Charts
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Use strategically Use the enhance specific points Don't overpower presentation Don't read from screen
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Powerpoint
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Prepare well in advance Keep it simple Make it large enough Limit amount of text Use fonts and color effectively Use images strategically
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Preparing Visual Aids
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High contrast Easy to see Limited number Consistent across slides
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Effective Colors
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Enlarge for audience Avoid passings around Display with Powerpoint
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Photos & Drawings
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Display where listeners can see Avoid passing around Display only while discussing Explain clearly Talk to audience not visual aid Practice with visual aids
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Presenting Visual Aid
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Creating, reinforcing, and/ or changing people's beliefs or actions.
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Persuasion
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Persuasive speeches are usually about:
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Questions of Fact Value Policy
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Deals with truth of falsity and assertion
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Question of Fact
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Deals with worth or the rightness of an idea of action
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Question of Value
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Whether a course of action should not be taken.
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Question of Policy
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Convinces audience a policy is desirable, but avoids encouraging specific action to support that policy.
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Passive Agreement
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Convinces audience to act in support of policy.
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Immediate Action
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1. Problem-solution 2. Problem-cause-solution 3. Comparative advantages 4. Monroe's motivated sequence
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Organizing your Speech
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Five step sequence used for persuasive speeches.
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Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action
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Building credibility Using evidence Reasoning Appealing to emotions
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Methods of Persuasion
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Logical appeals based on evidence and reasoning
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Logos
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Appeals to emotion
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Pathos
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How is logos achieved?
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through reason
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4 Types of Reasoning
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Specific Instances Principle Casual Analogical
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Moving from particular facts to general conclusion
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Specific Instances
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Moving from general principle to specific conclusion
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Principle
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Cause-effect relationships
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Causal
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Comparing similar cases
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Analogical
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Primary position being advanced
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Claim
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Supporting evidence for the claim
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Grounds
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The inferential leap that connects the Claim with the Ground (the why)
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Warrant
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Reason used to justify the warrant
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Backing
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Acknowledges conditions where the Claim might not hold
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Rebuttal
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Admits the degree of certainty or confidence the speaker has in claim.
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Qualification
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5 Types of Warrants
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Generalization Analogy Sing Causation Principle
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This Snickers is good, so all Snickers must be good. (One stands for all)
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Generalization
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This Snickers is like a cold drink of water on a hot day! (Treat A as B)
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Analogy
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There are always empty Snickers wrappers by the vending machine. (A is indicative of B)
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Sign
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You're hungry and Snickers satisfies (A brings about B)
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Causation
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Snickers are yummy and yummy is good (A is B)
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Principle
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Stands for arguments that should not have been made in the form and context they were delivered.
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Fallacy
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By presenting two clear but completely opposite qualities
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Either/ Or (Fallacies)
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Exaggerate the series of inevitable and terrible consequences that follow performing some action
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Slippery Slope (Fallacies)
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Argument that encourages and audience to do something because the majority of people do it.
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Bandwagon (Fallacies)
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Argumentative start that undermines an opposing position
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Ad Hominem (Fallacies)
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Strategy of attributing causes or effects based on ones immediate desirers or fears
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False Cause (Fallacies)
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Occurs when the cause of undesired effects is attributed falsely
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Scapegoating (Fallacies)
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Speaker distracts attention from an unpleasant issue by focusing on something unrelated
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Red Herring (Fallacies)
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Latin for "it does not follow" a statement that has no apparent connection with the statements that came before or come after it.
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Non Sequitur (Fallacies)
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All emotions can be characterized by two things:
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Orientation and salience
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Establish your credibility Connect with our audience Support your claim Avoid fallacies Use one emotional appeal End with a call to action
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Ethos, Logos, & Pathos in your Speech
Date
Fashion
Vocabulary Workshop Level E (enriched edition) Unit 6 – Flashcards 20 terms

Henry Smith
20 terms
Preview
Vocabulary Workshop Level E (enriched edition) Unit 6 – Flashcards
question
accede
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(v.) to yield to; to assume an office or dignity Synonyms: consent, concur, comply, assent Antonyms:demur, balk at--->(to not agree with)
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brandish
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(v.) to wave or flourish in a menacing or vigorous fashion Synonyms: swing, shake
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comprise
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(v.) to include or contain; to be made up of Synonyms: compose, constitute, encompass Antonym: exclude
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deft
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(adj.) skillful, nimble Synonyms: dexterous, ADROIT, proficient, clever, masterful Antonyms: clumsy, awkward, bungling, full, inept
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destitute
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(adj.) deprived of the necessities of life; lacking in Synonyms: wanting, devoid, impoverished, penniless Antonyms: rich, wealthy, luxurious, bountiful, full, replet--->(to be full of)
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explicit
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(adj.) definite, clearly stated Synonyms: distinct, forthright, unambiguous, clear Antonyms: vague, ambiguous, implied, implicit
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extirpate
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(v.) to tear up by the roots, to destroy totally Synonyms: uproot, eradicate, wipe out, excise Antonyms: implant, sow, foster, nourish
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inopportune
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(adj.) coming at a bad time; not appropriate Synonyms: ill-timed, inconvinient, inappropriate, unsuitable Antonyms: timely, convenient, felicitous, opportune
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ironic
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(adj.) suggesting an incongruity between what might be expected and what actually happens; given to irony, sarcastic Synonyms: incongruous, satiric, sardonic, wry Antonyms: straight-forward, unequivocal
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musty
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(adj.) stale, moldy; out-of-date Synonyms: hackneyed, antiquated Antonyms: fresh, sweet-smelling, up-to-date, brand-new
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officious
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(adj.) meddling; excessively forward in offering services or assuming authority Synonyms: meddlesome, prying, impertinent, obtrusive Antonyms: reserved, diffident, timid, aloof
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ominous
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(adj.) unfavorable, threatening, of bad omen Synonyms: unpropitious, inauspicious, portentous Antonyms: propitious--->(promising), auspicious, promising
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pinnacle
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(n.) a high peak or point Synonyms: apex, acme, summit, apogee Antonyms: nadir, perigee, low point
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premeditated
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(adj., part.) considered beforehand, deliberately planned Synonyms: preplanned, reheared, calculated, prearranged Antonyms: unplanned, spontaneous, impromptu
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rampant
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(adj.) growing without check, running wild Synonyms: widespread, unrestrained, extravagant, prevalent Antonyms: controlled, restrained
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solace
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(n.) comfort, relief; to comfort, console Synonyms: soothe, reassure, cheer up Antonyms: vex, aggravate, upset
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stately
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(adj.) dignified, majestic Synonyms: grand, magnificent, imposing Antonyms: lowly, humble, servile, abject
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supple
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(adj.) bending easily; bending with agility; readily adaptable; servile Synonyms: flexible, limber, pliable, pliant Antonyms: stiff, rigid, inbending, hidebound
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suppress
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(v.) to stop by force, put down Synonyms: subdue, crush, stifle, squelch, quash, silence Antonyms: provoke, spur, arouse, incite, instigate
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venal
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(adj.) open to or marked by bribery or corruption Synonyms: dishonest, bribable, corruptible, mercenary Antonyms: honest, incorruptible, scrupulous
Fashion
Second World War
Italian Fashion and Culture (Not Finished) – Flashcards 54 terms

Elizabeth Mcdonald
54 terms
Preview
Italian Fashion and Culture (Not Finished) – Flashcards
question
One of the most important factors in the growth of the Florentine economy leading up to the Renaissance was: (Quiz 2)
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The economic freedom and social mobility of Florentine society
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Scholars agree that Florentine guilds were more restrictive than their counterparts in other countries. (Quiz 2)
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False
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The Florentine system of finance provided capital that allowed workers to move into the class of entrepreneurs. (Quiz 2)
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True
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The Florentine cloth trade in the fourteenth century was based on the local cultivation of high quality wool fiber. (Quiz 2)
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False
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Merchants from the Calimala and Arte della Lana guilds were able to arrange credit and so to finance the production and marketing chain, which contributed to their success. (Quiz 2)
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True
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Cloth production in Florence from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century was organized in a vertical production scheme, in which individual entrepreneurs owned the production facilities for all steps in the cloth making process. (Quiz 2)
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False
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The source of inspiration for Fortuny was: (Quiz 3)
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Venetian art of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Classical Greek art, The work of Richard Wagner, and Arabic Culture
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Fortuny identified closely with the leading artistic movements of his time such as Impressionism. (Quiz 3)
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False
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Fortuny learned to sew at a young age and dreamed of becoming a couturiere. (Quiz 3)
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False
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Mariano Fortuny was born into an artistic family in: (Quiz 3)
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Granada
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Although he was best known for his textiles, Mariano Fortuny was also a talented lighting designer. (Quiz 3)
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True
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Fortuny's first foray into fashion was the Delphos dress designed in 1906. (Quiz 3)
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False
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-The Gucci company began as manufacturers of: (Quiz 4)
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Suitcases
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-Guccio Gucci organized his Florentine workshop so that one artisan was responsible for assembling an entire article from start to finish. (Quiz 4)
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True
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-The iconic Gucci product that was originally designed as a gift for the Princess Grace of Monaco was: (Quiz 4)
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The Flora Scarf
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-After the Second World War, Gucci opened it's first store outside of it's hometown of Florence in Via della Condatta in Rome. (Quiz 4)
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True
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-The last member of the Gucci family lost ownership of the company in: (Quiz 4)
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The 1990's
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-The current owner of the Gucci company is: (Quiz 4)
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Kering
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The famous Rainbow Wedge, symbol of the Ferragamo company, was created...... (Quiz 5)
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False
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Salvatore Ferragamo was born into a family of shoemakers from Florence. (Quiz 5)
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False
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In 1936 Ferragamo opened his shop in Florence's famed Palazzo Spini Feroni. (Quiz 5)
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True
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The most important consideration for Ferragamo in his shoe making was: (Quiz 5)
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The comfort and fit of the shoe
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In 1947 Ferragamo wins the Nieman Marcus Award for his Stiletto heels. (Quiz 5)
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False
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In 2006 the Ferragamo company was acquired by LVMH. (Quiz 5)
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False
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-The National Fashion Board (Ente Nazionale della Moda), which sought to industrialize fashion production, was founded in 1935 in the city of: (Quiz 6)
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Turin
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-The autarky campaign, which called on Italian citizens to become self sufficient was due to: (Quiz 6)
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Mussolini's rejection of foreign fashions
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-The fascist regime of Benito Mussolini empowered women, encouraging them to emerge from their domestic roles and to participate fully in all spheres of social, economic and political life. (Quiz 6)
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False
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-Mussolini sought to modernize and untie Italians under Fascist ideology by: (Quiz 6)
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Physical training, Massive use of propaganda, and Prescribing uniforms for different sectors of society
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-During the period of autarky, shortages of traditional textile fibers led to the use of fiber derived from milk called: (Quiz 6)
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Lanital
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-The Fascist regime organized holiday summer camps primarily as a social service to families who could not afford a vacation for their children. (Quiz 6)
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False
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-Italian fashion houses in the post war period were assisted with financing and promotion by: (Quiz 7)
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The Marshall Plan
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-The first international collective fashion show organized by Giovanni Battista Giorgini took place on February 12th, 1951 in the Sala Bianca of the Pitti Palace in Florence. (Quiz 7)
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False
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-None of the Italian fashion designers who participated in Giorgini's 1951 show in Florence were known to American department stores or journalists previous to that event. (Quiz 7)
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False
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-Italy was able to challenge Parisian fashion hegemony because: (Quiz 7)
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Italian fashion was less expensive, Italian women had become used to using local dressmakers during the war, and Italy excelled at making everyday and resort wear for the new, casual lifestyle
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-Italy emerged from the war with a well-developed industrial apparel manufacturing system that had been spared bombing during the war. (Quiz 7)
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False
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-"The Myth of Continuity" was a marketing message suggesting that contemporary Italian fashion descended directly from the Renaissance. (Quiz 7)
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True
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-Many American actresses coming to film in Rome during the postwar period were strongly influenced by Roman courtiers. (Quiz 8)
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True
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-The Fontana sisters are a good example of Roman aristocrats that turned their hands to fashion design after World War II. (Quiz 8)
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False
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-Emilio Shuberth was not only important for his own work as a courtier, but also for his role in mentoring a young Giorgio Armani. (Quiz 8)
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False
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-"The Titled Glamour Girl of Italian Designers" was: (Quiz 8)
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Simonetta Colanna de CesarĂł
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-"Boutique" fashion in this period was: (Quiz 8)
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High quality ready to wear
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-The Fendi "Baguette" bag was created by: (Quiz 8)
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Silvia Venturini Fendi
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-In 1972 a group of designers led by Ta and Rosita Missoni and Walter Albini, decided to show in Milan rather than Florence. (Quiz 9)
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False
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-Famous for her spare elegant style, this designer began creating dresses for herself and her friends when her divorce left her unable to afford the Parisian couture she had patronized during her marriage. (Quiz 9)
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Mila Schon
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-Gianni Versace was the first Italian designer to open an office in Hollywood to court the stars. (Quiz 9)
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False
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-Known as the "architect of fashion," this designer won the Golden Thimble award for his work with Dior. (Quiz 9)
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Gianfranco Ferré
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-Mario and Martino Prada started the Prada label in 1913, producing handbags, shoes, trunks, and suitcases. (Quiz 9)
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False
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-In 1973, This designer presented on the catwalk for the first time the unstructured jacket (shirt jacket) that was to be so important in the future of Italian fashion. (Quiz 9)
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Walter Albini
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Palazzo Pajamas were first created by Emilio Pucci. (Quiz 10)
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False
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Emilio Pucci was born the Marchese di Barsento in Naples. (Quiz 10)
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True
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Pucci's first haute couture collection "Reigning Beauties" was dedicated to: (Quiz 10)
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Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
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Pucci worked closely with textile manufacturers to develop: (Quiz 10)
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Silk jersey, shantung nylon-blend stretch fabric, and chiffon jersey
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This actress loved Pucci so much she chose to be buried in a Pucci outfit: (Quiz 10)
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Marilyn Monroe
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The Pucci company is currently owned by: (Quiz 10)
answer
LVMH
Advertising
Fashion
Marketing
Packaging And Labeling
Principles Of Marketing
Product Life Cycle
Sports Marketing
Ch.11 MTG 315 – Flashcards 149 terms

Jose Escobar
149 terms
Preview
Ch.11 MTG 315 – Flashcards
question
the stages a new product goes thru in the marketplace: 1. introduction 2. growth 3. maturity 4. decline
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product life cycle
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when a product is introduced to its intended target market -sales grow slowly and profit is minimal -large investment costs in product development -marketing objective for the company is to create customer awareness and stimulate trial (the initial purchase of a product by a consumer) -advertising and promo expenditures are made to stimulate primary demand (desire for the product class rather than for a specific brand)
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introduction stage of the product life cycle
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advertising and other promotion tools to build awareness and stimulate product trial among consumers
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what do companies spend heavily on in the intro stage of the product life cycle?
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it is the desire for a product class rather than for a specific brand -since there are few competitors with the same product, advertising and promotion is made to stimulate this
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what is primary demand and why is it part of the intro stage of the product life cycle?
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selective demand (the preference for a specific brand)
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during the introduction stage of the product life cycle, as more competitors launch their own products and the product progresses a company focuses attention on ______
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selective= preference for a specific brand primary=desire for the product class
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difference between selective demand and primary demand
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High initial price= part of a skimming strategy to help the company recover the costs of development as well as capitalize on the price insensitivity of early buyers Low initial price= to discourage competitive entry, a company uses penetration pricing
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during introduction, pricing can be either high or low
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skimming strategy
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what kind of pricing strategy does this illustrate? "we hit fast, high price"
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tends to attract competitors eager to enter the market because they see the opportunity for profit -high initial price
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skimming strategy
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pricing strategy to help build unit volume but a company must monitor unit costs -low initial price
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penetration pricing
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characterized by rapid increases in sales -competitors appear in this stage -more aggressive pricing because of the increase in competition -profit peaks during this stage -product sales in the growth stage grow at an increasing rate because of new people trying or using the product and a growing proportion of repeat purchasers -changes appear to help differentiate a company's brand from those of competitors -important to gain as much distribution for the product as possible
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growth stage of the product life cycle
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-an improved version -new features added to the original design
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what kind of changes appear in the growth stage to help differentiate a company's brand from those of competitors?
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characterized by a slowing of total industry sales or product class revenue -marginal competitors leave the market -most consumers are repeat purchasers of the item or have tried and abondend it -sales increase at a decreasing rate as fewer buyers enter the market -profit declines due to fierce price competition -marketing attention is directed toward holding market share thru further product differentiation and finding new buyers
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maturity stage of the product life cycle
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occurs when sales drop -product enters this stage not because of any wrong strategy on the part of companies but because of enviornmental changes
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decline stage of the product life cycle
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decline
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digital music players pushed compact discs into what stage?
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decline
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products in the ______ stage tend to consume disproportionate share of management and financial resources relative to heir future worth
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1. deletion 2. harvesting
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what are the 2 strategies a company will follow to handle a declining product?
question
dropping the product from the company's product line -most drastic strategy because a residual core of consumers still consume/use the product
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product deletion (strategy to handle a declining product)
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when a company retains the product but reduces marketing costs -the product continues to be offered but the salespeople don't allocate time in selling nor advertising dollars purpose= to maintain the ability to meet customer requests
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harvesting (strategy to handle a declining product)
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harvesting
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coca cola still sells tab with is the 1st diet cola to a small group of die-hard fans. what strategy does this illustrate?
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a) gain awareness b) stress differentiation c) maintain brand loyalty d) harvesting, deletion
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Marketing objectives for the product life cycle: a) Introduction b) Growth c) Maturity d) Decline
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introduction
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few competition, one product, skimming or penetration pricing, inform and educate=promotion, and limited distribution what stage does this illustrate
question
growth
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more competition, more versions of the product, gain market share, promotion=stress points of difference, and more outlets (place/distribution) what stage does this illustrate?
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maturity
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alot of competition, full product line, defend market share/profit=price strategy, promo=reminder-oriented, and maximum outlets what stage does this illustrate?
question
decline
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reduced competition, product strategy=best sellers, price strategy=stay profitable, minimal promotion, and fewer outlets what stage does this illustrate?
question
1. their length 2. the shape of their sales curve 3. the rate at which consumers adopt products
answer
what are 3 important aspects of the product life cycle?
question
consumer products
answer
____ products have a shorter life cycle than business products
question
technological
answer
____ change tends to shorten product life cycles as new-product innovation replaces existing products
question
one for which significant customer education is required and there is an extended intro period
answer
high learning product
question
high learning product
answer
personal computers had what kind of life cycle curve because consumers had to learn the benefits of owning the product and be educated in a new way of performing familiar tasks?
question
sales begin immediately because little learning is required by the consumer, and the benefits of purchase are readily understood -product can be easily imitated by competitors so the marketing strategy is to broaden distribution quickly
answer
low learning product
question
frequently appear for women and men apparel -products are introduced, decline, and then seem to return -length of the cycle may be months, years, or decades
answer
fashion product
question
experiences rapid sales on intro and then equally rapid decline -typically novelties and have a short life cycle
answer
fad product
question
diffusion of innovaiton
answer
a product diffuses, or spreads, thru the population, a concept called ______
question
-usage barriers (the product isn't compatabile with existing habits) -value barriers (the products provides no incentive to change) -risk barriers ( physical, economic, or social) -psychological barriers (cultural differences or image)
answer
common reasons for resisting a product in the introduction stage:
question
innovators
answer
what does this describe? venturesome higher educated use mutliple info sources
question
early adopters
answer
what does this describe? leaders in social setting slightly above average education
question
early majority
answer
what does this describe? deliberate many informal social contacts
question
late majority
answer
what does this describe? skeptical below average social status
question
laggards
answer
what does this describe? fear of debt neighbors and friends are info sources
question
by providing warranties, money back gaurantees, extensive usage instructions, free samples, and demonstrations
answer
how do companies attempt to overcome usage, value, risk, and pyschological barriers?
question
1. modifying the product 2. modifying the market 3. repositioning the product
answer
what are 3 ways to manage a product thru its life cycle?
question
a.k.a brand manager -manages the marketing efforts for a close-knit family of products -manage existing products thru the stages of the life cycle -develop and execute a marketing program for the product line -engage in data analysis related to their products/brands
answer
role of the product manager in the product life cycle
question
1. category of development index (CDI) 2. brand development index (BDI)
answer
how do product managers supplement sales, market share, and profit trend data?
question
product modification
answer
_____ involves altering a product's characteristic such as its quality, performance, or appearance to increase the products value to customers and to increase sales
question
modifying the product -changing product characteristics and giving a sense of a revised product
answer
what does this illustrate? P&G revamped pantene shampoo and conditioner with a new vitamin formula and relaunched the brand with a multimillion dollar ad and promo campaign
question
market modification
answer
______ is when a company tried to find new customers, increase a product's use among existing customers, or creating new use situations
question
modifying the market -finding new customers
answer
produce companies have begun marketing and packing prunes as dried plums to attract younger buyers. what does this illustrate?
question
modifying the market -increasing product use
answer
because soup consumption rises in the winter and declines during the summer, Campbell soup Company now advertises more heavily in warm months to encourage consumers to think of soup as more than a cold weather food. what does this illustrate
question
modifying the market -creating a new use situation
answer
Dockers was originally intended as a single pant for every situation but now promotes different looks for different usage situations: work, weekend, dress and golf what does this illustrate?
question
product repositioning
answer
_________ changes the place a product occupies in a consumer's mind relative to competitive products
question
repositioned -reacting to a competitors position
answer
new balance successfully _______ its athletic shoes to focus on fit, durability, and comfort rather than competing head on against Nike on fashion and professional sports
question
repositioned -reaching a new market
answer
brittish viewed iced tea as leftover hot tea thats not suitable for drinking so the company made its tea carbonated and ______ as a cold soft drink to compete as a carbonated beverage
question
repositioning a product -catching a rising trend
answer
growing consumer interest in foods that offer health and dietary benefits is why Quaker Oats claims that their oatmeal is part of a low saturated fat and low cholesterol diet what does this illustrate
question
involves adding value to the product (or line) thru additional features or higher quality material ex= JCPenny adding a designer clothes section to their stores
answer
trading up
question
involves reducing the number of features, quality, or price -exists when companies engage in downsizing (reducing the package content without changing package size and maintaing or increasing the package price)
answer
trading down
question
changing the value offered--> Trading Down
answer
airlines have limited their legroom and snack service. this is an example of what type of repositioning?
question
an organization uses a name, phrase, design, symbols or combo of these to identify products and distinguish them from competitors
answer
branding
question
any word, device (design, sound, shape, or color), or combo of these to distinguish a seller's goods or services
answer
brand name
question
brand name
answer
the logo for apple's computer is a _____ what that can't be spoken
question
by recognizing competing products allows them to be more efficient shoppers: -recognize and avoid products with which they are dissatisfied -become loyal to another, more satisfying brand
answer
how do consumers benefit from branding?
question
a set of human characteristics associate with a brand name -consumers assign personality traits to products and choose brands that are consistent with their own or desired self-image
answer
successful and established brands take on a brand personality. what is that?
question
brand personality
answer
Harley Davidson links to masculinity and rugged individualism what does this illustrate?
question
the added value a brand name gives to a product beyond the functional benefits provided
answer
brand equity
question
1. provides a competitive advantage 2. consumers are often willing to pay a higher price for a product with brand equity
answer
what are the advantages of brand equity?
question
brand equity
answer
________ is carefully crafted and nurtured by marketing programs that forge strong, favorable and unique customer associations and experiences with a brand
question
what they have learned, felt, seen, and heard about a brand over time
answer
brand equity resides in the minds of consumers and results from
question
1. develop positive brand awareness and an association of the brand in consumers' minds with a product class or need to give the brand an identity 2. establish a brand's meaning in the minds of consumers 3. elicit the proper consumer responses to a brand's identity and meaning (place attention on how consumers think/feel about a brand) 4. create consumer-brand connection evident in an intense, active loyalty relationship between consumers and the brand
answer
steps of creating brand equity:
question
1. a functional, performance related dimension 2. an abstract, imagery related dimension
answer
meaning arises from what a brand stands for and has 2 dimensions:
question
a) focuses on a brand's perceived quality, credibility, and superiority relative to other brands b) relates to the consumer's emotional reaction to a brand
answer
thinking vs. feeling by consumers about a brand
question
pyschological bond that characterizes a consumer-brand connection and the personal identification customers have with the brand
answer
the final and most difficult stop of creating brand equity is a deep ______
question
assets
answer
the recognition that brands are ________ is apparent in the decision to buy and sell brands
question
a contractual agreement whereby one company (licensor) allows its brand name or trademark to be used with products or services offered by another company (licensee) for a royalty or fee
answer
brand licensing
question
1. name should suggest the product benefits 2. should be memorable,distinctive, and positive 3. should fit the company or product image 4. should have no legal or regulatory restrictions 5. should be simple and emotional
answer
5 criteria are mentioned for selecting a good brand name
question
suggests the product benefits
answer
Tidy bowl (toilet cleaner, Easy off (oven cleaner), and glass plus (glass cleaner) all meet what criteria for brand names
question
memorable, distinctive, and positive
answer
Mustang and the thunderbird meet what criteria for a brand name
question
fits the company or product image
answer
diehard and eveready suggest reliability and longevity which are 2 qualities consumers want in a battery. what criteria for a brand name does this meet?
question
a) infringement suits b) improper use of words
answer
legal restrictions produce ____a____ and regulatory restrictions arise thru ___b____ when selecting a brand name
question
should have no legal or regulatory restrictions
answer
kellogg's heartwise cereal had to be changes to fiberwise because the FDA discourages the use of the word heart in food brand names. what criteria of selecting brand names does this illustrate
question
should be emotional
answer
joy and obsession perfumes meet what criteria of selecting brand names?
question
simple
answer
bold laundry detergent matches what criteria of selecting brand names?
question
non-meaningful (because it doesn't have any prior impressions or undesirable images among diverse world population of different languages and cultures) ex: 7up is bad because it is a phrase that means "death thru drinking" in china
answer
in the development of brand names for international use, having a _______ brand name has been considered a benefit
question
a company uses one brand name for all its products in a product class -sometimes called family branding or corporate branding when the company's trade name is used
answer
multiproduct branding strategy
question
multiproduct branding strategy
answer
what kind of branding strategy does this illustrate? Samsung's company trade name and brand name are identical
question
1. capitalizing on brand equity -consumers who have a good experience with the product will transfer this favorable attitude to other items in the product class with the same name 2. lower advertising and promotion costs -the same name is used on all products, thus raising the level of brand awareness
answer
advantage of multiproduct branding strategy
question
multiproduct branding strategy
answer
_______ strategy makes possible product line extensions, the practice of using a current brand name to enter a new market segment in its product class
question
multiproduct branding strategy
answer
what kind of strategy is this? Toro snowblowers Toro lawn mowers Toro garden hoses
question
subbranding
answer
some multiproduct branding companies employ ________ which combines corporate or family brand with a new brand to distinguish a part of its product line from others ex= gatorade introduced G2
question
a)brand extension b)too many uses for one brand name can dilute the meaning of a brand for consumers
answer
a strong brand equity allows for ___a____, the practice of using a current brand name to enter a different product class b) what is the risk of this?
question
brand extension
answer
Honda's established name for cars has extended easily to snowblowers, lawn mowers and snowmobiles. what does this illustrate?
question
involves giving each product a distinct name -useful strategy when each brand is intended for a different market segment advantage= each brand is unique to each market segment and there is no risk that a product failure will affect other products in the line disadvantage= complexity and expense to implement this strategy can sometimes outweigh the benefits
answer
multibranding strategy and their advantages/disadvantages
question
multibranding strategy
answer
P&G makes: Tide Cheer Ivory Snow Bold what does strategy is this?
question
fighting brands -their chief purpose is to confront competitor brands
answer
multibrand companies sometimes introduce new product brands as defensive moves to counteract competition. what is this called?
question
fighting brands
answer
ford launched its fusion brand to halt the defection of ford owners who were buying competitors midsized cars. what does this illustrate
question
advertising and promotion -the company must generate awareness among consumers and retailers for each new brand name without the benefit of any previous impressions
answer
compared with multiproduct strategy, ________ and ______ costs tend to be higher with multibranding strategy
question
often called private labeling or reseller branding -manufactures products but sells them under the brand name of a wholesaler or retailer -typically produces high profits for manufacturers and resellers -retailer brands that are exclusive to a particular name
answer
private branding strategy
question
private branding strategy
answer
costco sells kirkland products. what kind of strategy is this
question
firm markets products under its own name and that of a reseller because the segment attracted to the reseller is different from its own market
answer
mixed branding strategy
question
mixed branding strategy
answer
elizabeth arden sells its elizabeth arden brand thru department stores and a line of skin care products at walmart with the "skinsimple" brand name what kind of strategy is this?
question
any container in which it is offered for sale and on which label info is conveyed
answer
what does the packaging component of a product refer to?
question
an integral part of the package and typically identifies the product or brand, who made it where and when it was made, how it is to be used, and package contents/ingredients
answer
what is a label?
question
packaging and labeling
answer
____ and _____ are very expensive. despite the cost, they are essential because both provide important info for the manufacturer, retailer, and ultimate consumer
question
the label info conveyed to the consumer (such as directions on how, where, when to use the product and the source/composition of the product) which is needed to satisfy legal requirements of product disclosure
answer
what are the communication benefits of packaging?
question
plays functional role such as storage, convenience, protection, or product quality -convenience dimension in packaging is increasingly important
answer
what are the functional benefits of packaging?
question
functional benefit
answer
kraft miracle whip salad dressing is sold in a squeeze bottle to meet what benefit of packaging?
question
functional
answer
nabisco offers portion control package sizes for weight conscious consumers meet what benefit of packaging?
question
communication benefits -packaged foods contain informative recipes to promote usage of the product
answer
campbell soup estimates that the green bean casserole recipe on its cream of mushroom soup can accounts for 20 million in its soup sales each year. what benefit of packaging does this illustrate?
question
functional
answer
Pringles are in cylindrical packaging to offer uniform chips and minimal breakage what benefit of packaging does this illustrate?
question
package and label shape, color, and graphics distinguish one brand from another, convey a brand's positioning, and build brand equity -packaging/labeling enhance brand recognition and facilitate the formation of strong, favorable, and unique brand associations
answer
what are the perceptual benefits of packaging?
question
1. the continuing need to connect with customers 2. environmental concerns 3. health, safety, and security issues 4. cost reduction
answer
what 4 challenges do package and label designers face?
question
environmental concerns
answer
coca-cola has decreased the amount of plastic in their beverage bottles to reduce solid waster illustrates what packaging and labeling challenge/response
question
connecting with customers
answer
chips ahoy discovered consumers transferred cookies to a cookie jar for easier access and avoid staleness so they created a new package with resealable opening illustrates what packaging and labeling challenge/response
question
health, safety, and security issues
answer
child proof caps on pharmaceutical products and household cleaners illustrates what packaging and labeling challenge/response?
question
cost reduction
answer
as the cost of materials rise, companies are constantly challenged to find innovative ways to cut packaging costs while delivering value to their customers. what packaging and labeling challenge/response
question
expanding the 4 P's framework to include productivity, people, physical environment, and process
answer
eight Ps of services marketing
question
exclusivity -services can't be patented brand name -services are intangible (therefore, more difficult to describe) -the brand name/logo is important in consumer decisions capacity management
answer
3 aspects of the product/service element of the mix that warrant special attention when dealing with services:
question
brand names
answer
_____ make the abstract nature of services more concrete
question
integrating the service component of the marketing mix with efforts to influence consumer demand
answer
capacity management
question
1. to affect consumer perceptions -price can indicate the quality of service ex=don't want a $100 surgery 2. to be used in capacity management -important to movie theaters, airlines, restaurants, and hotels
answer
price plays 2 essential roles:
question
charging different prices during different times of the day or days of the week to reflect variations in demand for the service -part of capacity management
answer
off-peak pricing
question
place (distribution)
answer
the value of convenient distribution is being recognized H&R block uses multiple locations for distribution of services represents what P?
question
availability, location, consistent quality, and efficient, courteous service
answer
in promotion for a service it is important to stress what?
question
people -the nature of the interaction between employees and customers strongly influences the customer's perceptions of the service experience
answer
many services depend on ______ for the creation and delivery of the customer service experience
question
customer experience management (CEM) -the process of managing the entire customer experience with the company -process should be intentional and planned -consistent so that every experience is similar -differentiated from other service offerings -relevant and valuable to the target market
answer
customers will often judge the quality of the service experience based on the performance of the people providing the service. this aspect has led to what concept?
question
the appearance of the environment in which the service is delivered and where the firm and customer interact can influence the customer's perception of the service
answer
the physical environment aspect of the 8 P's of service marketing
question
impression, or evidence management
answer
service firms need to manage physical evidence carefully and systematically to convey the proper impression of the service to the customer. this is referred to as?
question
refers to the actual procedures, mechanisms, and flow of activities by which the service is created and delivered
answer
the process aspect of the 8 P's of service marketing
question
1. suggestive -energizer says that it will last a while 2. fitting - if its eco-friendly may include "eco" in the name 3. memorable 4. simple -generally more memorable when its simple 5. no restriction
answer
companies know criteria will influence the success of their products: 5 criteria
question
1. sound -individual letters -parts of words 2. length/memorability 3. meaning 4. regulation
answer
whats a name?
question
multiproduct branding
answer
special K has products in a variety of different categories under the same brand name. what kind of strategy is this?
question
multiproduct branding
answer
if i see special k protein bar I assume its lower calories compared to other brands even if i know nothing about the bar (heuristics) and this type of strategy is an automatic way to increase sales
question
multibranding strategy -their reaching out to 3 different types of customers
answer
gymboree has Janie and Jack and Crazy 8 kids clothing what kind of strategy is this?
question
private branding
answer
what kind of strategy would they be promoting their own brand and their own products -therefore, cost savings and profit margins increase
question
packaging
answer
communication, function, perception illustrate what?
question
communication aspect of packaging
answer
if we see a blue package of coffee we know its Folger's Coffee what does this illustrate?
question
function
answer
adding a zipper seal to the product so that is stays fresh matches what aspect of packaging?
question
perception
answer
since this product is healthy we will use the color green. what aspect of packaging is this
question
product development
answer
what are you doing when you are loosing money because you are putting alot of money into research and development
question
introduction
answer
what stage in the product life cycle is it if you have alot of spending on inventory because you are making the product and people must learn about the existence of the product
question
growth
answer
what stage in the product life cycle if more come into the market and things start to catch on more quickly -start making money -competition is there but not as intense
question
maturity
answer
what stage in the product life cycle is it if its the most competitive -spend more money to remain competitive -sales increase but profits decrease because it costs more to get those customers -add features, improve products -most products are in this phase
question
decline
answer
what stage in the product life cycle is it if fewer people buy -popularity decreases (maybe because it has been replaced or tastes and preferences has changed) -company must decide whether to stick with it or move on
question
innovators
answer
who does this describe? well above resources want latest technology (not a social thing, they just want better way to do anything) very small portion of people
question
early adopters
answer
who does this describe? above average resources like new stuff for social reasons -want friends to know
question
early majority
answer
who does this describe? big portion of the population like idea because friend told them (opinion leader likes it) wants to wait for bugs to get worked out (ex=dont want the first model of a car)
question
late majority
answer
who does this describe? less resources/capability of buying new things more reluctant to adopt new technology want to make sure its inevitable want more choice (wait to buy until later in the game once prices have decreased and theres more competition)
question
laggards
answer
who does this describe? very reluctant to change may be too expensive to make a change
question
1. complexity 2. compatibility 3. relative advantage 4. observability 5. trial-ability
answer
aspects of the rate of adoption
question
1. complexity -not hard 2. compatibility -makes people's lives easier 3. relative advantage -cheaper than going to starbucks 4. observability -can see how it works 5. trial-ability -different stores and doctor offices have these machines and so you can try it and see how it works
answer
aspects of the rate of adoption for Keruig Coffee
Advertising
Fashion
Marketing
Principles Of Marketing
Social And Physical
Practice Final Examination – Flashcards 50 terms

Christine Brunetti
50 terms
Preview
Practice Final Examination – Flashcards
question
________________ is the basic unit of exchange?
answer
A transaction
question
Which of these is NOT a key to success for a company adopting a market orientation?
answer
question
Human beings always choose the best available product when making a purchase.
answer
False
question
Sergio is the head designer for 'Robertson House' a high-fashion clothing company. Each year, Sergio completely changes the colors of the clothes he designs so that it will be obvious to anyone who has fashion sense that last years colors are out of date. This "planned obsolescence" tends to affect consumers at the _________ stage of the consumer buying process.
answer
Need recognition
question
One of the ways our perceptions are biased is that we don't see things that are really there.
answer
True
question
Bruce is a fan of the Minnesota Vikings Football team. He was watching a game between the Minnesota Vikings and the San Francisco Fortyniners on San Francisco television station. He expected that the announcers would favor the local team and it appeared that he was right. Even though a national media agency gave the local announcers an award for the most unbiased coverage ever in a televised football game, Bruce remained convinced that the announcers had favored the local team. This is an example of ______________?
answer
Selective interpretation
question
______________________ is the marketing of goods and services to companies, governments, or not-for-profit organizations purposes other than personal consumption?
answer
Business marketing
question
Which of the following is NOT information that is available categorized by NAICS codes?
answer
(NOT Industry sales data)
question
BruceCo is a company that makes products for the coffee industry. They subscribe to a clipping service that monitors newspapers in major cities around the world for articles related to the coffee industry. This is an example of _____________ in a marketing information system?
answer
Marketing intelligence
question
What is the difference between data and information as discussed in class?
answer
(NOT A datum is a fact based on hard evidence; information is a fact based on opinion.)
question
Jiwon is thinking of developing a candy specifically for college students. She thinks that college students would buy candy if it had caffeine in it. Before she invests a lot of money in candy making equipment, she conducts ___________ research to find out if there is a relationship between caffeine and candy sales for college students?
answer
Descriptive
question
Which of the following sampling techniques is a nonprobability sample?
answer
(NOT iceberg sample)
question
You don't have to have a product that appeals to everyone in order to have a successful business.
answer
True
question
Adam had an idea for a new smartphone accessory. He showed his idea to ten of his friends. Three of them loved the idea, four of them thought it was OK, but nothing special and three of them hated the idea. If he develops the product, he will need to sell at least 10,000 in order to make money. He was wondering whether or not to develop the product when he remembered the law of large numbers from Professor Robertson's marketing class. Based on that, he decided to __________?
answer
(NOT Modify the product so that seven or more of his friends like it and nobody hates it before introducing it to the market. This way there will be a larger group of potential customers for the product.)
question
It is more important to evaluate positive information than it is to evaluate negative information when trying to understand how customers perceive your product.
answer
False
question
In the three circles positioning framework presented in class, what does "the bar" represent?
answer
Areas where you need to be competitive, but will not give you a competitive advantage
question
During the idea generation stage of the new product development process, it is important to evaluate new product ideas as they come in to avoid being overloaded with unusable ideas.
answer
False
question
It makes it easier for a customer to adopt a new product if the new product is similar to the one it is intended to replace.
answer
False
question
The goal at the ______________ stage of the product life cycle is to build market share and differentiate the product.
answer
Growth
question
_____________ refers to the number of product lines in a company's product mix.
answer
Depth
question
The advantage of ________________ is that it allows you to spread the cost of developing a brand over many different products.
answer
(NOT generic branding)
question
A(n) _____________ is a name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one seller's goods or services as distinct from those of other sellers?
answer
Brand
question
Frodo was a massage therapist. He was very good at dealing with lower back pain. He gave his clients a book that they could use to keep a record of their visits to his practice and record their thoughts and feelings about the therapy. In the front of the book was a beautiful picture and an inspiring poem that would remind his clients that lower back pain can be treated with a visit to Frodo. By using the book, Frodo's patients could benefit from his practice even if he wasn't with them personally. Frodo was using the ___________ approach to making his service seem 'real'?
answer
(NOT visualization)
question
The basic issue when you are dealing with the __________ characteristic of services is that the customer and the service provider have to be together in order for the service to be produced?
answer
Inseparability
question
In automating a manufacturing plant, which of these would definitely increase in the short run?
answer
Fixed cost
question
An inverted demand curve is usually associated with luxury or prestige goods. With an inverse demand curve, within a certain range of prices...
answer
An increase in price will lead to an increase in the quantity demanded
question
For companies operating in an oligopoly market structure, prices tend to be very stable. In these situations, the company with the largest market share might raise its prices in hopes that other, smaller companies will follow. If this happens, the price will increase. This is called the ____________ to setting prices?
answer
Price leadership approach
question
Many large retail stores use ____________ because it would be impractical to calculate the correct price for thousands of items individually?
answer
(NOT price ceiling pricing)
question
Which of the following is NOT a reason a company might want to have more than one marketing channel?
answer
(NOT to provide local service to customers in different areas of the country)
question
With _________________ the roles of the various channel partners are specified by a formal contract.
answer
The roles of the channel partners are specified by contract in all of these situations.
question
Thomas Friedman wrote a book about the impact of new technologies and other trends impacting the way business is conducted in the world called The World is Flat. One of the basic premises is that widespread adoption of internet protocols and the seamless connection of computer systems along the value chain allowing for the efficient flow of ___________ to help smooth the flow of goods from raw materials to end user.
answer
Information
question
Coca Cola's basic strategy is they you should never be more than an arms length away from a cold, refreshing Coke. In order to achieve this strategy they try to make Coke products available for sale through as many outlets as possible. You can buy bottled Coke in the grocery store, fountain coke at a restaurant, single cans and bottles at convenience stores and gas stations, and individual cans from vending machines while you are waiting in line for a ride at an amusement park. Because the goal of the supply chain is to maximize __________, Coke is willing to bear the expense of having several different channels of distribution?
answer
Responsiveness
question
For stores selling luxury products, it is important for customers to be able to see the prices of the merchandise when browsing.
answer
False
question
Two recent trends in retailing, television shopping channels and online selling are examples of?
answer
Nonstore retailing
question
Which of these is a question you should be asking when establishing the objective for a promotional campaign?
answer
All of these are questions you should be asking when establishing the objectives for a promotional campaign.
question
The AIDA model for persuasive communication suggests there are four stages you need to go through in order to persuade somebody. The LAST thing you have to do is?
answer
Tell the person what you want them to do.
question
Which of the following services is a full-service advertising agency likely to provide?
answer
All of these - that is why they call it a full-service agency
question
Lindsay Wagner, the Bionic Woman of classic television fame, appears in advertisements for the Sleep Comfort Adjustable bed. In the advertisement, she explains how the ability to change the level of firmness in the mattress has changed her life. This is an example of a(n) __________ appeal in advertising?
answer
Testimonial
question
When is it appropriate to ask for the order when closing a sales call.
answer
It is always appropriate to ask for the order
question
The key to success with the ____________ approach to selling is to contact as many people as possible and hope that one of them will be interested in your product?
answer
Shotgun selling
question
The __________ environment deals with issues that affect all companies in an industry?
answer
(NOT natural)
question
What do we mean when we speak of a "defensible" decision?
answer
That the decision incorporated all of the relevant information available at the time the decision was made.
question
Santa Claus is trying to forecast demand for coal this Christmas. For the past 300 years, the number of naughty children (who will get coal in their stockings) has increased by 3% each year. Santa is likely to use the ____________ method to forecast demand.
answer
Trend analysis
question
When developing contingency plans, the ____________ scenario represents your best estimate of what actually will happen?
answer
Best case
question
Which of these is NOT a measure generally used in advertising?
answer
All of these are measures commonly used in advertising
question
Sales data is frequently used as a metric in marketing plans. Which of the following is NOT a commonly used sales measure?
answer
Advertising expenditures
question
One of the ethical issues in marketing is that data mining techniques where information from several databases is combined may be a violation of a customer's ___________?
answer
Privacy
question
___________ are society's values and standards that are enforceable in court?
answer
Laws
question
The objective at the bottom of the sales funnel is...?
answer
(NOT outreach)
question
Which of the following is NOT a measure of success for a social business enterprise (SBE)?
answer
Shrink disposable income
Advertising
Design
Fashion
Marketing
Principles Of Marketing
Public Relations
Sports Marketing
Marketing-2006 SLC – Flashcards 14 terms

Elizabeth Mcdonald
14 terms
Preview
Marketing-2006 SLC – Flashcards
question
Marketing constists primarily of selling and advertising
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FALSE
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The broadest and simplest definition of marketing states that it is the development and efficent distribution of products for consumer segments.
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FALSE
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Customers are focal point of all marketing activities.
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TRUE
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A family that organizes and advertises a garage sale is performing marketing activities.
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TRUE
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A marketing mix consists of 3 variables: product, price, and distribution.
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FALSE
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In marketing, a product can be good or a service but not an idea.
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FALSE
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A target market is a specific group of customers on whom an organization focuses its marketing efforts.
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TRUE
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Marketing efforts do not involve the design and development of products.
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FALSE
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Services are provided by applying human and mechanical efforts to people or objects.
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TRUE
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The marketing concept stresses that a business organization can best achieve its goals by providing customer satisfaction through coordinated activities.
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TRUE
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Value=customer costs-customer benefits
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FALSE
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Achievement of the firms overall goal is part of the marketing concept.
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TRUE
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Relationship marketing is a short-term, mutually beneficial arrangement in which a buyer and seller focus on the creation of satisfying exchanges.
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FALSE
question
To effectively monitor changes in the marketing environment, marketers must engage in ______________
answer
Environmental scanning and analysis
Consumer Psychology
Essentials
Fashion
Luxury Marketing Vocabulary Terms – Flashcards 95 terms

Cindy Krause
95 terms
Preview
Luxury Marketing Vocabulary Terms – Flashcards
question
What is Luxury?
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high quality, sophisticated, expensive, exclusive, scarce, brand
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Craftsmanship
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culturally made products, ex: saki
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Workmanship
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making a product
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Traceability
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the ability to trace where your product comes from
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Cucooning
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preferring to stay home instead of going out, being able to have time to be at home and be still
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Pre-historic Definition of Luxury
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Those who had food and those who didn't
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Antiquity Definition of Luxury
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romans and their luxury feasts and festivals, focus on the sheer quantity of what you have
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Middle Ages Definition of Luxury
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clergy and their luxurious churches, castles and white knights, princes, kings, crown jewels
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Renaissance Definition of Luxury
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where it really began, aristocracy, arts and culture, rare and precious items
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Beginning of the Modern Age Definition of Luxury
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in France the "bourgeoisie", a large social class with money, nobles and noble products, a touch less expensive than royal items
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Bernard Arnault
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CEO of LVMH
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Producer Culture
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product orientation, quality based, "I will make this and they will buy it," industrial revolution, cannot react well to market changes
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Consumer Culture
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market orientation, "what do you want? I will make it for you," agile and reacts quickly to changes in the market, ex: Mountain Dew elections
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Veblen Goods
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the more expensive the goods are, the more people want them
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Conspicuous Consumption
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buying to show off to others
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Snob Goods
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use your good in order to differentiate yourself, "I like Chanel because everyone else likes Louis Vuitton."
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Bandwagon Goods
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preference for a good increases as the number of people buying them increases
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Halo Effect
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when you don't know about the product but one feature acts as a "halo" to make it seem good, ex: wine "from France"
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Summary Effect
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when you are an expert and you can look at a few details of a product and deduce way more than what is explicitly said
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Brand Assets
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brand loyalty, quality perceptions, brand awareness, repeat buying
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Aspirational Brands
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Gucci, Louis Vuitton, looking to buy into the culture/lifestyles that these brands represent
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Accessible Brands
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Coach, Ralph Lauren, categorized by affordability, status, and membership, these brands are directly affected by the global economy
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Absolute Brands
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Hermes, Rolex, elitism and brand recognition, there will always be rich people to buy these
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Economic Definition of a Luxury Brand
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considered higher priced than alternatives even though they serve the same purpose
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Marketing Definition of a Luxury Brand
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deliver added emotional benefits unmatched by cheaper, comparable brands
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Causal Ambiguity
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"we don't know why it happens, it just does"
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Brand Equity
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= (assets) - (liability)
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Luxury Trends
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1 - Timeless Quality (museum, tours, movies) 2 - Security and Safety (facts, demonstrations) 3 - Emotional Branding (commercials, live experiences) 4 - Good Karma (doing something good) 5 - Seize the Day (exclusive offers) 6 - Regionalism (reenactments) 7 - Food and Health (samples) 8 - Individual Editions (exclusive offers)
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6 Pillars of Luxury
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1 - Real vs Imaginary 2 - Material vs Symbolic 3 - Social vs Self 4 - Desire vs Satisfaction 5 - Rationality vs Irrationality 6 - Materialism vs Spirituality
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1 - Real vs Imaginary
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consumption is imaginary but can have real implications on the self
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2 - Material vs Symbolic
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luxury products are not things we need but represent some symbol
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3 - Social vs Self
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you show something to others but you also have higher perceptions of yourself
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4 - Desire vs Satisfaction
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when we buy we have a desire for something, but we seek to attain more than we desire
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5 - Rationality vs Irrationality
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if we were rational consumers than luxury would not exist
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6 - Materialism vs Spirituality
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we can have so many things, but when we have so much is it really satisfying? Or do we require something more in depth than that?
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Psychographics
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values, attitudes, lifestyles
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Segmentation
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identify bases for segmenting the market (geographic, demographic, psychographic, socio-demographic, and behavioral)
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Geographical Segmentation
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segmenting the market into physical areas, ex: Asia vs Europe
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Demographic Segmentation
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most popular base for segmenting consumer markets, general descriptors of the consumer, ex: income level, man, woman, etc
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Psychographic Segmentation
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segmenting the market based on lifestyles, social class, and personality traits (ex: seeking authenticity, creativity seekers, timelessness and prestige seekers, and those that seek icons and badges)
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Behavioral Segmentation
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segmenting the market based on behavior trends, occasions, benefits sought, user status, usage rate, loyalty status, etc
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Socio-demographic Segmentation
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segmenting the market into high net worth individuals (HNWI), more than $1 million in personal assets, etc
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Day-Trippers
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occasional luxury buyers, accessories and brand extensions, some money but not much, account for most luxury purchases
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Products vs Logos
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product is appealing because it is a small masterpiece (Aston Martin, Hermes) product is appealing because of the emblems (Louis Vuitton)
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Authenticity vs History
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authenticity compresses time and is long term history means respect for the tradition
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Individual vs Integrate
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individual is to be different integrate is to be discrete, fading into the universe of luxury
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3 Levels of the Product
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Core Product = the benefit the good gives to you Actual Product = quality, color, fashion, branding, style, etc Augmented Product = warranties, services, delivery, customer care, finance, installation
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Feature Fatigue
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when you don't know what 90% of the buttons on your remote do, consumers "tune out" when there are too many features
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Primary Packaging
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the bottle that wine comes in
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Secondary Packaging
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the box that the bottle of wine comes in
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Shipping Packaging
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the box with styrofoam that protects the whole product (box and bottle)
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Brand
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a name, term, sign, symbol, or design that represents your product
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Line Extension
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minor changes to existing products, a company uses an existing brand name to launch a new product in the same category (ex: Opium launches "Black" Opium)
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Brand Extension
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brand name helps to introduce new products, a company uses an existing brand name to enter a new product design or category (ex: Apple computers and Apple phones)
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Multibrands
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multiple product entries into the same product category
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Product Line
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a group of products that are closely related because of similar functions, customer groups, marketing outlets, and/or given price ranges
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Line Stretching
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adding products that are higher or lower priced than the existing line (ex: you have eau de parfum at $30, and you add parfum at $45, and eau de toilette at $20)
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Line Filling
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adding more items within the present price range (ex: you have vanilla soap at $4, then you add strawberry at $4)
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Product Line Enlargement
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trading up and down within the brand
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Product Line Completion
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adding more products/articles to the line
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Product Line Innovation
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add new and remove obsolete (ex: fashion winter lines to spring lines)
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Services
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either a part of the product or the full product that the consumer is willing to buy, intangible, no ownership, may or may not be attached to a physical product
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Servicescape
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where the service actually occurs
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Substitutability (when it comes to services)
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you can always just do it yourself
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Postponability (when it comes to services)
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you can always stall or put off the service to a later time
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Place Marketing
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sell a geographic area, ex: houses, buildings, vacation locations
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Organization Marketing
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PR perform image assessment and shift image towards the goal
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Person Marketing
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create, maintain, and alter attitudes to a person, similar to organization but more dramatic life-cycles, ex: celebrity and sports agents
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Distribution Channels
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the path products take from producers to consumers
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Intensive Distribution
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firm's products are everywhere, every available outlet has them, many intermediaries are used
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Selective Distribution
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limited number of retailers (ex: only Monoprix)
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Exclusive Distribution
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only available in a specific geographic location (ex: Paris)
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Licensing
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to give someone else who is better at marketing the rights to your brand/product to manage the brand's image for you
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Retail
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distribution channel member that sells goods and services for individual use
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Direct-Response Retailing
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sales through catalogs/telemarketers
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Internet Retailing
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virtual store fronts
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Direct Selling
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person to person selling (ex: Mary Kay)
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Automatic Merchandising
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sales through vending machines
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5 Stages of becoming a Luxury Market
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1 - Subjugation 2 - Start of money 3 - Show off 4 - Fit In 5 - Way of Life
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FMCG
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Fast Moving Consumer Goods (speaks for itself)
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Maslow's Hierarchy
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Physiological (bottom) Security Belonging Recognition Accomplishment (top)
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B2C Marketing
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"business to consumer" marketing of demand, motivated by need and usage, marketed to nationals and locals, short recurring product cycle
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Luxury Marketing
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marketing of the offer, motivated by desire and status, marketed to internationals, long purchase cycle
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Price
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what you pay for something, sum of the values consumers exchange for the product or service (time, cognitive, and emotional costs)
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Mecenat
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sponsorship
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Cost Based Pricing
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product -> cost -> price -> value -> customers
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Value Based Pricing
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customers -> value -> price -> cost -> product
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Price Ceiling
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there is no demand above a certain price (maximum accepted price)
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Price Floor
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there are no profits below a certain price (minimum accepted price)
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Market Skimming
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high priced product with low volumes of quantity, skim the profit from the market, short lifecycle products
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Psychological Pricing
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Play on consumer's perceptions, $9.99 vs $10, used to set high prices even if the product is inexpensive to make
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Fixing Prices
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when i fix my price, i look at what the client is willing to pay and that it is not a ridiculous price
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When to Cut Prices
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when there is excess capacity, falling market share due to price competition, and/or the desire to be the market share leader
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When to Increase Prices
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to increase profit margin, when the product faces cost inflation, and/or there is a greater demand than can be supplied
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Phantom Effect
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when there is a general assumption that there should be or that there are advertisements where there actually are none. ex: "Do you recall seeing this ad?" Yes "Where?" On TV "There was no ad on TV"
1940s And 1950s
Clothing
Fashion
Fashion Design
Opportunities For Women
Three Dimensional Form
Fashion Merchandising and Marketing Midterm – Flashcards 103 terms

Daniel Thompson
103 terms
Preview
Fashion Merchandising and Marketing Midterm – Flashcards
question
Style
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a particular shape or type of apparel item identified by the distinct features that make it unique
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Silhouette
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overall shape or outline of a garment a. straight or tubular b. bell shaped c. bustle
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Vanity Sizing
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-cut a size 6 like an 8 so you wear a size down -psychological -more prevalent in higher price zones
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Vertical Integration
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operate at more than one level of the supply chain
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Bustle
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shape that has back fullness and pulls in to make the butt look bigger
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Haute Couture
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(high fashion) the most fashionable, expensive, and exclusive designer clothing a. custom designed b. made to order
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classic
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An item of clothing that continues to be popular even though fashions change
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accessories
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fashion items that are added to complete or enhance outfits
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4 P's of Fashion Merchandising
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-price -place -promotion -product
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Relationship Marketing
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creating a lasting and mutually-beneficial relationship with key suppliers and customers 1. seek out those who spend the most 2. cheaper than finding new clients 3. add value to key customer accounts
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Marketing Concept
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is the idea that businesses must satisfy customer needs and wants in order to make a profit
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Product
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the focus of the marketing mix because it is the product that is ultimately delivered to the consumer
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Public Relations
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-a promotional technique that uses any form of communication to create a positive image for the business -The exposure generates sales and creates a positive image of the organization ie- working with a nonprofit
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Publicity
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any NON-PAID message that communicates information about a company's merchandise, services, and/or activities
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Advertising
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a paid message that business sends about its fashion products or services to inform, remind or persuade consumers
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Personal Selling
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Personal communication between customers and sales personnel
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Marketing
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the process of developing, promoting, and distributing products to satisfy customers' needs and wants
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Behavioral Segmentation
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-Classification of customers by buying intent and behavior -Allows marketers to reward best and most loyal customers
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Geographic Segmentation
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-Can be collected at point of sale -Dividing the market into groups according to a particular region -People residing in similar regions have similar purchasing habits or preferences
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Merchandising
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the planning, buying, and selling if fashion apparel and accessories to offer the right merchandise blend to meet customer demand
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Country of Origin
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"made in" -substantial transformation necessary to be called made in Italy -65% of work done to be made in US
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Zeitgeiset
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spirit (sign) of the time
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Suffragist
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women part of the women's suffrage movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the feminist movements highly influenced fashion as women wanted to start working --> working apparel for women
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Samuel Slater
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-created water-powered cotton mill - revolutionized textile industry
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Ready-to-Wear (RTW)
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-"off the rack" -mass produced in factories -standard sizes -thousands made -for sale in many sizes
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Chambre syndicale de la haute couture
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-controls every part of fashion week - 60-100 pieces per show -Paris
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Pret-a-Porter
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The haute-couture designs translate into the lesser-priced but still costly French designer ready-to-wear
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tailored clothing
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clothing that has been adjusted to fit a person specifically - a section of men's clothing -mostly suits
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casual sportswear
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- section of men's clothing - nice men's clothing that is comfortable but still fancy
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couturiers
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male fashion designers in haute couture maisons
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tweens
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group of pre-teens, aged eight to twelve
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licensed apparel
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apparel that has a brand or character on it that the original company makes an agreement with in order to have them be able to use the thing
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customer
answer
the person who buys the apparel
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acceptance
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-a requirement of fashion -agreeance that everyone likes a thing
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market segmentation
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-a way of analyzing a market by categorizing specific characteristics -Marketers divide the people into groups of possible consumers based on various shared characteristics -Fashion marketers to concentrate on meeting the needs of certain types of buyers rather than the needs of all shoppers
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demographic variable
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statistics that describe a population in terms of personal characteristics such as age, gender, income, ethnic background, education, religion, occupation, and lifestyle
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psychographic variables
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-studies of consumers based on social and psychological characteristics such as attitudes, interests, and opinions -Consumers' attitudes and values are often represented by how they choose to spend their time and money
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emotives
answer
fashion is unique because marketers can use emotions to promote a product
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planned obsolescense
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fashion is perishable; it goes out out fashion after the season
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supply chain
answer
three segments of the fashion industry: primary (textile), secondary (manufacturing), tertiary (retailing)
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channels of distribution
answer
involves moving the product each step from the design idea to the customer's hands; number of businesses involved in the actual planning or movement of the product; actual transport of the product (land or air); on test she asks about "Multichannel Distribution"
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American Look
answer
simple, stylish, preppy style brought to the US after WWII by Claire McCartell
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Courturieres
answer
female designers in haute couture maisons
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New Look
answer
created by Christian Dior after WWII in which the skirts were longer and fuller again
question
outerwear
answer
another category of men's clothing
question
marketing mix
answer
the 4 P's of marketing: Price, Product, Place, Promotion; Product is focus because it is ultimately delivered to the customer
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gross income
answer
all earnings from salary, wages, dividends, interest, etc.
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disposable income
answer
the gross income - all taxes; income you will spend on necessary things
question
discretionary income
answer
disposable income - spending on necessary items; what people will spend on fashion; people with more discretionary income will spend more on fashion products
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controllable environmental factors
answer
the 4 P's (price, product, promotion, place)
question
uncontrollable environmental factors
answer
economy, legal issues, cultural influences, competition, politics
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franchising
answer
the franchiser (manufacturer) sells the entire package and allows the franchisee to carry the brand's product to be sold in the store in exchange for a higher percentage loyalty; franchising agreements have more control and a higher loyalty than licensing agreements
question
style #
answer
the number assigned to a design in the firms line
question
Democratization of fashion
answer
we can all wear fashion at different price points
question
target customers
answer
those who are likely to buy from you
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customer base
answer
group of customers who repeatedly purchase the goods of a business
question
segmenting in the market
answer
when marketers divide the people into groups of possible consumers based on shared characteristics
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geographic theory
answer
•fashion begins in heavily populated areas where there is emphasis on fashion ex: in the US, starts on east & west coast, then trickles to center of US
question
niche market
answer
subset of the market focusing on a specific product •product features aimed to satisfy specific market needs, price ranges, product quality, and intended demographic
question
speed-to-market
answer
We don't see the product even if its created, until we need it
question
just-in-time production
answer
The purpose of JIT production is to avoid the waste associated with overproduction, waiting and excess inventory. (Having the exact amount of material for the exact amount of clothing you want to produce)
question
products
answer
what a company is offering for sale to customers to satisfy their needs and wants (includes goods & services) •focus of marketing mix because the product is ultimately being delivered to the consumer (70% new products and 30% classic product lines each season)
question
goods
answer
tangible items (can physically touch)
question
services
answer
intangible items (can't physically touch)
question
substantial transformation
answer
Product undergoes significant change during development stage
question
raw materials
answer
the basic material from which a product is made
question
chic
answer
elegantly and stylishly fashionable
question
fashion dolls
answer
dolls primarily designed to be dressed to reflect fashion trends
question
metrosexual
answer
a heterosexual urban man who enjoys shopping, fashion, and similar interests traditionally associated with women or homosexual men
question
trade show
answer
exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products and services
question
hemline index
answer
hemlines on women's dresses rise along with stock prices
question
fashion centres
answer
Paris, Milan, London and New Yor
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Why is fashion unique from other consumer products?
answer
-it has emotional appeal -is perishable -is democratic -requires group acceptance
question
Three Segments of Fashion Industry
answer
1. Primary (Mill) 2. Secondary (Merchandising) 3. Tertiary (Retailing)
question
Primary Segment
answer
producers of raw material, natural or man made; textile is the most important
question
Secondary Segment
answer
firms which convert the primary material into the finished product
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Tertiary Segment
answer
retailing
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Fashion (Apparell Industry)
answer
the existing type of clothing that is preferred by a large segment of the public
question
Market Segmentation
answer
1.Demographic 2.Psychographic 3.Geographic 4.Behavioristic * find an example
question
Marketing Functions
answer
1. Market Research 2.Financing 3.Pricing 4.Promotion 5.Product Service Management 6.Distribution 7.Selling
question
1. Market Research
answer
gathering & using info about what consumers want 1.input 2.storage 3.analysis 4.output 5.decisions
question
2.Financing
answer
planning ways to cover the costs of successfully operating a business
question
3.Pricing
answer
process of setting the value or cost at the right level -cost of production +a profit
question
4.Promotion
answer
Communicating with the customers about the product to achieve the desired result -advertising, personal selling, publicity, and public relations
question
5. Product Management
answer
Designing, producing, maintaining, improving, and/or acquiring products or services to meet customer needs
question
6. Distribution
answer
Involves moving the product each step from the design idea to the consumer
question
7.Selling
answer
Assists the customer in identifying and satisfying a want or a need
question
ex: A newspaper article about the grand opening of a new boutique appears
answer
ans: promotion
question
ex: Styles of swimsuits are selected to be sold in a department store
answer
ans: product management
question
ex: T-shirts are transported from the factory to the Gap by truck
answer
ans: Distribution
question
ex: Management attended a trade show to select merchandise for the spring season
answer
ans: product management
question
ex: Shoes sold in a department store have a markup of 35% based on cost
answer
ans: pricing
question
ex: management has decided to use television commercials rather than newspaper ads
answer
ans: market research
question
ex: A consumer answers survey questions after sampling a new line of skin care
answer
market research
question
ex: Money is borrowed to purchase a computer system for a large, independently-owned clothing store
answer
financing
question
ex: Cotton for use in the production of t-shirts was shipped by truck to the company
answer
distribution
question
ex: A salesperson answers a customer's questions about the care of a leather coat
answer
selling
question
Why does mass customization provide fashion marketers with the competitive advantage?
answer
customers believe that they are creating something themselves, even though the product is already made - usually over 100 euro
question
Are clothing designs protected under copyright or trademark law in the United States?
answer
-Fashion industry only has trademark protection: can copy everything but the logo
question
Differentiate between knock offs and counterfeited products? Are they legal?
answer
Knock offs: copy another's design without trying to pass it off as something else, no logo LEGAL Counterfeits: passed off as originals copying everything including label ILLEGAL
question
Why would a brand license out their name? Who benefits from licensing agreements? Explain and give examples.
answer
-Brands (the licensor) frequently license out their name to a company (the licensee) who can produce goods that require specialist manufacturing or distribution. -The licensor benefits from the royalties that the licensee will pay to them. They also benefit from wider brand awareness that is normally associated with a larger product range. For example, you can easily grow your customer base by offering lower priced products like sunglasses and perfumes as they are more affordable to a larger group of people, compared to high end clothing. The licensee makes money by selling the licensed products, and when they have a strong portfolio of brands, they can easily attract more licensors and more customers.
question
why is fashion important?
answer
The fashion industry employs more people worldwide than any other industry today. Whether it is garment production in Asia, a weaver in Guatemala, a thread supplier in India, or a retailer in Europe, almost every country in the world is involved in some sort of fashion-related activity. The buying, selling, and producing of fashion built careers in the support services sector like fashion journalism, photography, and forecasting. Trade among countries continues to grow with the United States and other countries initiating trade with one another.
question
- The marketing environment consists of controllable and uncontrollable factors. The marketers degree of success/failure depends on how responsive and adaptive to these factors. Describe how fashion companies handle periods of recession in the economy.
answer
As fashion is not a necessity companies must adjust to sluggish economy. This impacts the company in that investments such as factory or store expansion will not be justified, and sales will be down. Companies may lay off employees to cut labor costs, decrease production and inventories, and lower future projections for sales and profits. Fashion companies will analyze product offerings and pricing to accommodate the changing marketplace. Discount retailers such as Target, Walmart, and TJX (T. J. Maxx and Marshalls) usually thrive during period of recessionary periods due to their pricing policies and mass purchasing power. Other companies may look for value items, new suppliers to adapt to the changing consumer demand and habits to survive, others may close stores or go out of business.
Fashion
Fashion Design
Textile & Apparel Production, Management, and Services Reference Book – Flashcards 179 terms

Richard Lattimore
179 terms
Preview
Textile & Apparel Production, Management, and Services Reference Book – Flashcards
question
Textile Industry
answer
common reference to the fiber-to-fabric segment of the textile and apparel industry.
question
Apparel Industry
answer
common reference to industry segment involved in the manufacture of garments and accessories.
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Sewn products industry
answer
includes all stages of apparel production and interior furnishings, luggage, awnings and sewn toys.
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Textiles
answer
materials such as fibers, yarns, fabrics, or productions made of these.
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ATC-Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
answer
instrument to rovide the guidelines to integrate textiles and apparel into mainstream international trade rules.
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FTC-Federal Trade Commission
answer
responsible for preventing unfair and deceptive trade, to rotect teh ultimate consumer, and to regulate segments of the industry itself.
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Apparel services
answer
occupations that serve customers in the planning, selection, maintenance, and care of apparel.
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Industrial apparel production
answer
done by apparel firms including manufacturers, jobbers, or contractors.
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Apparel manufacturer
answer
designs, produces, and markets garments with its own brand label and own facilities.
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Jobber
answer
develops ideas for looks or designs, selects the fabric for the designs, and markets the finished products.
question
Contractors
answer
business that produce apparel for jobbers or manufacturers.
question
Private label merchandise
answer
made specifically for a retailer and carries the store's private label.
question
Staple or basic apparel
answer
clothing items that are primarily replacement rather than a want.
question
Fashion apparel
answer
items that experience styling changes from season to season based on the wants and demands of customers.
question
Cottage industries
answer
home-based sewing companies.
question
Gray or greige goods
answer
knitted or woven fabrics in an unfinished state ( before dyeing)
question
Fashion
answer
style accepted and used by the majority of people at any given time.
question
Haute couture
answer
fashion from a designer who creates a collection of original designs and are sold on made-to-order basis.
question
High Fashion
answer
styles or designs accepted by a limited gorup of fashion leaders.
question
Common sales transactions
answer
cash, charge and layaway.
question
Ergonomics
answer
science of fitting the job to the worker.
question
3 levels of business organization
answer
management, mid-management, staff.
question
SOP- Standard Operating Procedures
answer
written procedures for the teasks that are done on a regular basis.
question
Most commonly used natural fibers
answer
Cotton, wool, silk and linen.
question
Classifications of wool on labels
answer
WOOL-fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of Angora or Cashmere goat; -VIRGIN OR NEW WOOL-wool that has never been used or reclaimed- RECYCLED WOOL-fiber made from previously produced wool fabric
question
Two basic types of manufactured fibers
answer
Cellulosic made from plants (rayon, triacetate, and acetate); noncellulosic-made from molecules fouind in petroleum, natural gas, air and water to become POLYMERs
question
Generic name
answer
official name given to a fiber and are significantly different in chemical composition.
question
Trademark name
answer
an assigned name given to the generic name.
question
Property of Fibers
answer
abrasion resistance;absorbency;chemical reactivity; cohesiveness, cover; creep;crimp; density; dyeability; elastic recovery; elongation; feltability; flammability; flexibility; hand; eat conductivity; loft; luster; mildew resistance; pilling; reiliency; stiffness; strength; sunlight resistance
question
Yarn
answer
a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material suitable for processing into a textile fabric.
question
Silk
answer
the only natural filament fiber.
question
Filament yarn
answer
made by twisting several stands of filament fiber together.
question
Spun yarn
answer
made by twisting many staple fibers together.
question
Spinning
answer
Last step in converting fibers to yarn.
question
Three spinning systems used to produce spun yarn
answer
cotton, wool and worsted systems.
question
Ply
answer
number of strands or yarns twisted togeter.
question
Blended fibers
answer
have advantage of desirable characteristics of both fibers.
question
4 methods of producing fabric
answer
felting, bonding, weaving or knitting.
question
Looping or interlocking yarns together
answer
process for creating knitted fabrics.
question
Felting
answer
process in which fibers (not yarns) are pressed together to form a fabric
question
Bonding
answer
use of adhesive substance to hold together either fibers or separate layers of fabric.
question
Warp yarns
answer
lengthwise yarns woven along the entire length of the fabric parallel to the selvage.
question
Weft yarns
answer
crosswise yarns woven across the fabric.
question
Finishes
answer
makes greige goods usable, fabrics more attractive, or improve fabrics performance.
question
Design
answer
the organization or arrangement of parts that make up a structure or work of art.
question
Elements of design
answer
line, shap/form, space, texture, and color.
question
Characteristics of line
answer
indicates direction, length, width, and straightness.
question
Shape or form
answer
the silhouette formed by the outline of a clothing design.
question
3 classic silhouettes
answer
bell, tubular and back fullness.
question
Space
answer
the background against which forms or shapes are seen.
question
Texture
answer
the surface quality of an object.; important to how a fabric should be used.
question
Color
answer
most noted and remembered aspect of clothing.
question
Considerations in color combinations
answer
hues, values, and intensities.
question
Color groupings
answer
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
question
Elements of design
answer
parts that make up a design which have no rigid rules, but follow basic guidelines called principles of design.
question
Principles of design
answer
balance, proportion, rhythmn, emphasis, and harmony/unity.
question
Monochromatic color scheme
answer
uses two or more variations of the same hue; contains varius tints, shades and intensities of one color.
question
Analogous color scheme
answer
colors that are adjacent on color wheel with no fewer than 3 and no more than six colors in this scheme.
question
Complementary color schemes
answer
use of colors taht are direct opposites of each other on the color wheel.
question
Split complementary colro scheme
answer
one color with the tow colors on either side of its direct complement.
question
Triad color schemes
answer
use of hues that are four steps apart and equidistant on the color wheel.
question
Accented neutral color schemes
answer
made by using black, white, or gray with a small amoutn of bright color accent.
question
Balance
answer
principle of design that produces a sense of restfulness and equilibrium between opposite elements.
question
Proportion
answer
relationship of parts to each other and to the whole based on how space is divided.
question
Rhythm
answer
the illusion of motion as the eye moves from one part of a design to another.
question
Rhythm
answer
created by repetition, gradation or progression, and transition.
question
Harmony or unity
answer
the final goal or any design.
question
Basis for apparel and accessory choices
answer
personality; lifestyle; desiired image and fist impression; and values, needs, and wants.
question
Factors for apparel and accessory quality
answer
appearance, care, comfort, and durability.
question
1972 Care Labeling Act
answer
all finished garments and fabric shall have attached labels for garment maintenance.
question
Textile Fiber Product Identification Act 190
answer
textile products shall have a label listing the generic names of fibers.
question
Wool Product Labeling Act 1939
answer
all wool products shall be identified as either new or recycled wool.
question
Fur Product Labeling Act 1951
answer
requires thelabel of a fur product to list the name of the animal, treatment of fur, country, etc.
question
Falmmable Fabric Act 1953
answer
prohibits sale of fabrics that burn faster, easier, and more intesely than other fabrics.
question
Labels
answer
piece of cloth or ribbon permanently attached to a gamernt with information about the garment.
question
Hangtag
answer
detachable label made of heavy paper or cardboard with voluntary information.
question
Set-in sleeves
answer
sleeves joined to a garment at the armhole with seam all around and allowing free movement.
question
Raglan sleeve
answer
sleeve attached to the bodice by a seam that contines in one piece to the collar but no seam at the shoulder.
question
Kimono sleeves
answer
sleeves that do not have seams to connect them to the bodice but are cut in one piece during construction.
question
Dolman sleeve
answer
a kimono sleeve that is lower than usual at the underarm.
question
Batwing sleeve
answer
a kimono sleeve that is loose and very low at the underarm.
question
Types of skirts
answer
A-line, circular, dirndl, flared, gathered, gored, pleated, straight or fitted, wrap.
question
Types of dresses
answer
A-line, blouson, coat, empire, lowered waistline, princess, sheath, shift or chemise, shirtwaist, tent.
question
Types of women's coats
answer
balmacaan, capecoat or Inverness loak, chesterfield, pea, princess, trench, wrap.
question
Types of women's jackets
answer
bolero, box, Chanel, Norfolk, safari, windbreaker.
question
American cut suit
answer
natural sloping shoulders, a loosefitting jacket and moderately wide-notched lapels.
question
European cut suit
answer
paddes shoulders, tigher armholes, a jacket narrowed at the waist, and peaked lapels.
question
Men's jackets
answer
single-breasted, double-breasted, sports, blazer.
question
Types of lapels
answer
notched (standard business lapel); peak (two sharp points and more formal as seen on double-breasted)
question
Trousers
answer
pants worn with a suit.
question
Slacks
answer
pants worn for casual occasions. Traditional slacks have belt loops; Continental slacks have split waistband and no belt loops.
question
Collar types
answer
button-down( buttons to the body of the shirt); French-style (short points and large spread); long-point (small spread and 4"-4 1/2" in length; tab collar (snap tabs or collar point to hold tips behind the knot).
question
Types of men's coats
answer
topcoat, overcoat, all-weather, and three-quarter.
question
Levels of fashion promotion
answer
Producers that manufacture raw materials; Manufacturers who wholesale finished products; Retailers who sell finished products to customers.
question
Two broad categories of adverstising
answer
Product advertising-to immediately sell merchandise; Institutional advertising- to build a positive reputation for a company.
question
Three types of special events for publicity
answer
Merchandise Events; Demonstrations and Educational events; Fashion Shows.
question
Types of fashion shows
answer
Formal- has identifiable theme; informal-also called a showing and is less structured; industrial show- also called a trade show usually by industry producers; retail show- sponsored by a retailer usually in-store,the cutomer sow, or the charity show.
question
Six types of window displays
answer
single-category (one type of merchandise at one price; campaign window (same type of merchandise for serval weeks in the same windows; single-promotion ( major seling event in all or most of the windows); sale displays- (used to show bargain or clearance sale merchandise);line-of-goods ( show items from one manufacturer; mass displays (include varied, low-priced items).
question
Open window
answer
permits customers to see into the interior of the sore.
question
Closed window
answer
closed-in compartment which does not allow viewing inside the store.
question
Semi-closed window
answer
partial background that hides some of the store's interior.
question
Major categories of window displays
answer
selling and prestige.
question
Components used in window displays
answer
merchandise, functional props, decorative prips, structural props, background, floor covering and lighting.
question
Interior displays
answer
located where customers will see them and are used in combination with window displays and advertising.
question
Types of interior displays
answer
showcase, counter, platforms, shdow boxes, environment, island, free-standing units, hanging, point-of-purchase, self-selection, and vidoe kiosks.
question
Various arrangements for developing displays
answer
single-unit, repetition, step, zigzag, line, S-curve, crescent, reverse curve, radiation, and pyramid.
question
Elements of an effective sign
answer
informative, accurate, appropriate for the display, follows a set pattern, and does not contain too much information.
question
Fixtures
answer
items constructed to support and display merchandise.
question
Fabrics and notions
answer
important components of garments chosen based on fashion trends, quality, performance, price and suitability.
question
Grain
answer
direction of a weave in a fabric.
question
On-grain
answer
warp and filling yarns intersect at right angles.
question
Off-grain
answer
yarns are not at right angles and will cause various construction problems.
question
Measures of fabric weights
answer
ounces per yard, yards per pound, and onces per square yard.
question
Large prints
answer
should be used with simple designs.
question
Small prints and solid colors
answer
should be used with garments of more design detail.
question
Napped, sueded and pile fabrics
answer
have nap and usually require more yardage than other fabrics.
question
Hand
answer
the feel, body and way a fabric falls when draped.
question
Weight
answer
heaviness or lightness and thinness or thickness or the fabric.
question
Shaping fabrics
answer
used for lining, interfacing, underlining, and interlining.
question
Yardage
answer
amount of fabric needed for a particular project.
question
Notions
answer
thread, buttons, elastic, hooks and eyes, smaps, trims, and tape.
question
Motion economy
answer
using time saving techniques and being more efficient.
question
Good machine control
answer
starting, stopping,and sweing at the speed desired.
question
Faulty sewing machine threading
answer
breaking thread and skipped stitches.
question
Basic sewing techniques
answer
backstitching; staystitching; basting; understitching; topstitching; sewing corners.points, and inserts; feeding uneven plies; and sewing darts, pleats, tucks, and buttonholes.
question
Types of seams
answer
welt, French, flat-felled, and double-stitched.
question
Seam finishes
answer
zigzag, handovercast, pinked, pinked and stitched, and clean finished.
question
Hand stitches
answer
basting; backstitch, catch stitch, slip stitch, banket, buttonhole, therad chain, vertical hemming, blind-hemming, overcast, running, padding, French tacks, and tailor's tacks.
question
Repair procedures
answer
darning, patching, and seam reinforcement.
question
4 types of conventional sewing machines
answer
straight stitch, zigzag, automatic stitch, and electronic or computerized machines.
question
Types of industrial sewing macines
answer
lock stitch, chain stitch, automatic and decorative stitch machines.
question
Additional features on industrial machines
answer
treadle, knee press, balance wheel, belt, thread stand, and sewing lamp.
question
Spreading
answer
laying down of many layers of fabric, each on top of the preceding one, into a stack for multiple cuts.
question
Pressing
answer
lifting an iron and setting it down on a fabric.
question
Ironing
answer
sliding the iron back and forth over the fabric.
question
Essential ingredients for pressing
answer
heat, moisture, and pressure.
question
Three pressing methods
answer
dry pressing, wet pressing and steam pressing.
question
Details that require pressing
answer
darts, pleats, tucks, gathers or shirring, plackets and zippers, buttonholes, pockets, and hems.
question
Taking measurements
answer
major factor in saving time during garment construction.
question
Key to sewing success
answer
measure often and accurately in addition to rechecking measurements.
question
Basic measurements for a female client
answer
height, back waist length, high bust, bust, waist, and full hip.
question
Basic measurements for a male client
answer
height, neck circumference, chest, waist, hips, and shirt sleeve length.
question
Figure types
answer
gourps of patterns according to height, proportion and shape.
question
Basic figure types for female patterns
answer
Misses', Miss Petite, Junior, Junior Petite, Young Junior/Teen, Half-Size, and Women's.
question
Basic figure types for male patterns
answer
Boys', Teen-Boys', and Men's.
question
Children's clothing categories
answer
Babies, Toddlers', Children's, Girls', and Chubbie.
question
True
answer
children's clothing categories reflect physical development of the average child at specific ages.
question
True
answer
names for figure types are not intended for the age of the client.
question
Lengthwise grain
answer
perpendicular to the floor at the center front and center back of a garment.
question
Crosswise grain
answer
parallel to the floor at the center front and center back of a garment.
question
Balanced garment
answer
hangs the same distrance form teh body from right to left and front to back, is on-grain, and sufficient ease.
question
Ease
answer
determined b current fashion, body build, activity, and type of fabric, and is distributed evenly to each side of a garment.
question
Basic pattern alterations
answer
increasingor decreasing length, waist, hip line, crotch depth or length; raising or lowering bust darts; enlarging the bust area.
question
Final pattern alterations
answer
pieced back together and put on client's body for proper fit.
question
Pattern guide sheet
answer
general information about the pattern, a vriety of cutting layouts, and sewing directions for garment construction.
question
Preshrink and straighten
answer
to be done to fabric before cutting pattern.
question
Determines straightness of fabric
answer
tearing the fabric, cutitng along a rpminent design line, or pulling a crosswise yarn.
question
Fabric folds for pattern layout
answer
crosswise, lengthwise, partial or double fold.
question
Require special pattern layouts
answer
napped, plaid, striped fabrics and geometric design fabrics.
question
Large pattern pieces with place-on-fold brackets
answer
should be pinned to the fabric before other pattern pieces.
question
Fitted facing or self-facing
answer
used to finish raw garment edge, such as an armhole or neckline.
question
Interfacing
answer
used to add firmness or help retain shape.
question
Linings
answer
may be free-hanging as in skirts and pants, or may be attached to hem as in jackets and sleeves.
question
Gathered seams
answer
retain fullness.
question
Eased seams
answer
are smooth and unpuckered.
question
Self-casing or applied casing
answer
hold elastic or drawstrings in garments.
question
Fitter
answer
person trained to determine and mark garments for alterations.
question
Primary parts of blouses and shirts to alter
answer
neckline, shoulders, bodice, and sleevers.
question
Waistline seam
answer
unique part of a dress that can be increased, decreased, raised, or lowered.
question
Darts
answer
one of the primary techniques for changing bodices.
question
True
answer
the lower portion of a gament is easier to alter than the upper portion.
question
Hemline
answer
part of garments that is altered most.
question
True
answer
lengthening and shortening alterations are done after all other alterations are complete.
question
Characteristics of laundry sorting
answer
color, soil, size, texture, and type of handling required.
question
Methods used to treat stains
answer
presoak, pretreating with a stain remover, stain removal guide and stain removal kits.
question
Types of energy for soil removal
answer
mechanical(agitation or rotation of washer tub); chemical (laundry products); thermal (hot, warm, or cold water).
question
Length of time to dry laundry
answer
temperature of the circulating air, size of the load, amount of moisture in teh the laundry, and type of fabric.
question
Washer/extractor machines
answer
filter dry cleaning solvent to removce bleeding, dye, dirt, oil, and odors.
question
Sanitizing textile and apparel products
answer
washing in hot water of at least 130F or drying in ultraviolet lamp dryer.
Essentials
Fashion
Silver And Gold
Fashion: 60’s, 70’s 80’s and 20th century 111 terms

Kenneth Wheeler
111 terms
Preview
Fashion: 60’s, 70’s 80’s and 20th century
question
How did Kennedy influence men's fashion?
answer
He caused a decline in the wear of hats.
question
When was the micro mini popular?
answer
During the 1970's. It ended right under the butt.
question
What was the \"No Bra Bra\"?
answer
A soft bra that made it look like women didn't wear one. Many women went bra-less. Dominant in the 70's.
question
Pantyhose
answer
First appeared in the 1960's. Part hosiery part underwear
question
Body Stockings and Bodysuits
answer
Popular in the 70's, other new forms of undergarments.
question
Empire Waistlines
answer
Around 1960's - had a higher waistline.
question
A-Line silhouettes
answer
Popular in the shapes of dresses, flaring slightly from neck to hem.
question
Yoke
answer
Was on dresses, ended at the shoulder.
question
Flounce
answer
Was popular in dresses at the hem of the dress at the knee, it was common for evening wear. Flounce looked like a ruffle.
question
Floral dresses
answer
Were popular in the 60's.
question
Evening dresses in 60's
answer
Short and highly ornamented with small waist. Full skirt with belt
question
1965 silhouette
answer
The chemise
question
1969 silhouette
answer
Variations of the chemise still dominate, A-line silhouetted are popular as well.
question
Sportswear in the 1960's
answer
Hip-huggers and hot pants Hot pants were very short shorts worn with tights or with mini skirt.
question
Shoes in 60's
answer
Stiletto with pointed toe.
question
Hair in 60's
answer
Short but volumized
question
Color palette in the 60's
answer
Neon bright colors.
question
Color palette in the 70's
answer
toned down, not as neon colored, more normal.
question
Clothing in 1970
answer
Pantsuits The midi-a mid calf length skirt: an attempt from the fashion industry to get women to wear longer skirts...was not successful.
question
Silhouette in 1975
answer
A soft, natural silhouette with a blouse, jacket or sweater and a flared skirt
question
Silhouette in 1977
answer
\"Dress for Success\"-women wore feminine versions of the male business suit...had touch of femininity at the neckline.
question
Wrap-dresses
answer
Created by Diane Von Furstenberg that had prints. from the 70's, dress for working women
question
Dresses in 1970's
answer
Had drawstring waistline and bloused bodices.
question
Evening dresses in 70's
answer
Bias cut appeared, long gowns that were form fitted
question
Outerwear in 70's
answer
Maxi coats- made out of vinyl, plexie glass or plastic Most cloth coats were fitted Fad for puffy, down filled coats in the late 70's
question
Hair in the 1960's
answer
Bouffant and behive, geometric bob, long straight hair
question
Hair in 1970's
answer
long straight hair, shag, \"frizzy curls\"- wedge and the mane
question
Hats in the 1960's
answer
Pillbox hat, high-crowned hunter's cap and Carole Lombard head cap
question
Hats in the 1970's
answer
Fedora, brimmed hats
question
Mid 60's shoes
answer
Chunky square heel and square toe as hemline goes up. T-straps, sandals, loafers. Ankle boots Go-Go boots- usually with matching outfits
question
70's shoes
answer
Chunky platform shoes, slender more graceful shoes
question
Peacock revolution
answer
social revolution came greater freedom of choice in clothes for men.
question
1960's men suits
answer
went from being conservative to mod-influenced styles
question
1970's men suits
answer
Leisure suits- worn as sportswear 3-piece suit- worn without a tie
question
Sportswear/Separates
answer
Nehru Jackets, Safari Jacket, Body shirts, Turtleneck sweaters with suits or sports jackets (alternative to dress shirts)
question
Trousers for men 1960-1970
answer
Blue jeans, trousers with skinny cropped legs, bell bottoms, high-waist close fit to the torso without pleats.
question
Hair for men 1960-1970
answer
Closely cropped, slicked back Changed to longer length, including longer than shoulder Shorter styles again by end of 70's
question
Footwear for men 1960-1970
answer
Lace up oxfords, high shoes and ankle boots, square toes and platform soles, slip-ons
question
Facial hair for men 1960-1970
answer
Beards, mustaches including zapatas and sideburns
question
Social protests
answer
Civil Rights and black power Anti-war Feminist Movement Environmental Movement
question
Sub-cultures
answer
Mods Hippies Anti-war youth Punks
question
Style Tribes
answer
Groups of young people who had the same interest and wore the same kinds of clothes, named by Ted Polhermus
question
Op art and Pop art
answer
art movements that influenced fashion
question
Mods
answer
Cared what they looked like, wore tailored clothing, had long hair
question
Ready to wear
answer
Designers expanded into ready to wear or pret a porter in 1960s
question
Paper dresses
answer
Sleeveless chemise dress, throw away clothing. Made for a futuristic world. Started in 1966
question
Hippies
answer
From 1967 on. Revolt against adults
question
Men and Women Hippies
answer
Had hair to shoulder or longer, headbands, beaded necklaces, tie-dye, fringe vests
question
Men Hippies
answer
Had facial hair, embraced denims, wore used clothing
question
Women Hippies
answer
Wore denim jeans with flared legs, long granny dresses, skirts and flowers in hair
question
Granny dresses
answer
Popular in 1970s, made out of cotton. Popular with the young and came from mod and hippie styles. Had full flared skirt
question
Anti-war youth subculture
answer
Wore denim jeans and used them as a canvas and painted on them. Applied patches
question
Punks
answer
Late 70s, color black was popular, it focused on piercings, ripped clothing, asexual clothing, used safety pins and razor blades as accessories. colored hair
question
Blue Jeans
answer
In 1970 jeans became a designer label rather than part of a rebellion
question
Feminist Movement
answer
Divorce rates doubled and marriage rates dropped in 70s. Blended families.
question
Power suit
answer
John malloys dress for success Very simple and tailored, feminized version of male suit, skirt instead of trousers right below the knee
question
Kente Cloth
answer
Geometric pattern, very complex, part of clothing
question
Afro style and cornrow braids
answer
African hairstyle, cornrows had beads at the end
question
Space Age
answer
Had three major designers Andres Courreges Paco Rabanne- made dresses out of plastic discs Pierre Cardin
question
Nehru Jacket
answer
Comes from indian descent, loose fitted, boxy, buttons went all the way up. Popular in 60's
question
Kiddie Couture
answer
Occurred in 1980's, dressing kids in designer clothing as as way to show off
question
Increase of women in labor force
answer
Led to the evolution of the suit
question
Green Movement
answer
Led to organic fibers and fabrics from recycled products such as water and soda bottles.
question
Computers were...
answer
Used to sell material online and keep inventory
question
New methods were developed for selling fashion like...
answer
Television, mail order and the internet.
question
Alexander Wang
answer
Worked under Calvin Klein, he is of cuban dissent, in charge of house of valenciyaga
question
Marc Jacobs
answer
Was in charge of Louis Vouitton
question
80's were....
answer
were materialistic and had high end designers
question
Silhouette of the 80's
answer
shoulders and sleeves were larger, shoulder pads, skirt lengths were right below/above the knee, very tight clothing
question
Underwear
answer
Frilly, feminine, Victoria's secret
question
Daytime dresses in 80's
answer
Shirtwaist dresses, sweater, T-shirts and sweatshirt dresses, long dresses with dropped waist and gathered skirt, spandex dresses
question
Fabrics
answer
Rayon, Lycra spandex
question
Suits in 80's
answer
Tailored suits with blouse for business, became less uniform-like in late 80s.
question
Evening Wear in 80's
answer
Glamorous, short skirts, heavily decorated, bright colors
question
Sportswear in 80's
answer
Divided skirts, leggings, sweatshirts, t-shirts, running/exercise suits
question
Lingerie
answer
Luxurious undergarments were worn as decadent street wear, wore corset as undergarment to wear as top, underwear as outerwear
question
Yuppie Culture
answer
\"Go getter\" decade where designer labels are increasingly important
question
1990's silhouette
answer
Longshirts or sweaters over leggings
question
In 1990's
answer
Bare midriffs became popular, young women had belly piercings. Low rise trousers were popular...exposed thongs, tramp stamps
question
Mens suits in 1980's and 1990's
answer
Conservative, dark, double-breasted
question
In 1980's, suits had...
answer
wide shoulders
question
In 1990's suits had...
answer
suspenders and a narrow waist
question
Spandex was...
answer
used for a more slender fit. It was used in mens suits in the 90's
question
Casual Fridays
answer
Allows men to abandon business suits
question
80's shape represented a
answer
V shape
question
90's clothing was
answer
more loose with layers
question
21st century's silhouette...
answer
Narrow, slender fit
question
Anti-modern look
answer
Looking at the past embracing vintage pieces or creating vintage looks
question
Bohemian Sheek Look
answer
Worn in 2005, softly flowing fabric in vibrant colors inspired by hippie styles of 1960s
question
Japan influences
answer
Geometric styles, black often used
question
African American Hairstyles/Styles
answer
Afro, dreadlocks, fade, african textiles
question
Livin la vida loca
answer
explosion of the want for latino styles on the runway
question
Folk dress had...
answer
embroidery, peasant blouses
question
Manga
answer
Japanese cartoons
question
Cosplay
answer
The combination of costume and play- the dressing up as the characters from manga and anime...they are conferences
question
Harajuku
answer
Gatherings sometimes outside when they dress up as characters and acting out
question
Steam punk
answer
Dress victorian and incorporate machinery in outfits
question
Body Shirts
answer
cut and seamed to follow body lines
question
Palazzo Pajamas
answer
Wide-legged pants made in soft fabrics
question
\"Le Pouf\"
answer
puffy skirt with a light airy appearance, popular in 80's. Created by Christian Lacroix
question
Monokini
answer
Topless wool swimsuit designed for Harmon Knitwear in 1964 by Rudi Gernreich
question
Dashikis
answer
Collarless, wide shirts with kimono-type sleeves
question
PrĂŞt a porter
answer
Another name for ready-to-wear clothing
question
Pierre Cardin
answer
Designer for men
question
John Weitz
answer
opened a boutique for men in 1965
question
Leotard
answer
two-piece, knitted body-hugging garment
question
Poor boy sweaters
answer
tightly fitting, rib-knit sweaters that looked as if they shrunk
question
Hidden Rivet Jeans
answer
Rivets hidden inside the pockets
question
Tweens
answer
ages 7-14
question
Kaffiyeh
answer
Black and white headscarf
question
Hijab
answer
a headscarf worn by many muslim women
Design
Emergency Medical Services
Fashion
Goods And Services
Japanese
BMGT385 Chapter 7 – Flashcards 42 terms

Noel Macdonald
42 terms
Preview
BMGT385 Chapter 7 – Flashcards
question
Effective management of services requires a clear focus on understanding operations, so much so, that it may even require the exclusion of consideration of marketing or personnel.
answer
FALE
question
Services often take the form of repeated encounters involving face-to-face interactions.
answer
TRUE
question
The term "encounter" is defined by Webster's Dictionary as "meeting in conflict or battle" and is used to also designate meetings between consumers and service systems.
answer
TRUE
question
A service system with a high degree of customer contact is less difficult to control than a low degree of customer contact service system.
answer
FALSE
question
Because little or no inventory is carried in a service operation, it is easy to separate the operations management functions from marketing in services.
answer
FALSE
question
It is difficult to separate the operations management functions from marketing in services.
answer
TRUE
question
The service-system design matrix identifies five alternative forms of service encounters.
answer
FALSE
question
The service-system design matrix identifies six forms of service encounters.
answer
TRUE
question
The "service blueprint" is a classification of services.
answer
FALSE
question
Poka-Yokes are procedures that block the inevitable mistake from becoming a service defect.
answer
TRUE
question
Poka-Yoke is roughly translated from Japanese as "Quality Management."
answer
FALSE
question
Poka-Yoke is roughly translated from Japanese as "Avoid Mistakes."
answer
TRUE
question
An important aspect of service products is that they cannot be inventoried.
answer
TRUE
question
Customer contact refers to creation of the service.
answer
FALSE
question
The work process involved in providing the service must involve the physical presence of the customer in the system.
answer
FALSE
question
The central problem in virtually every waiting line situation is a trade-off decision balancing the costs of adding services with the costs of waiting.
answer
TRUE
question
Ideally in waiting line or queuing Analyze we want to balance the cost of service capacity with the cost of waiting.
answer
TRUE
question
The customer arrivals in a queuing system come almost exclusively from finite populations.
answer
FALSE
question
The customer arrivals in a queuing system come almost exclusively from infinite populations.
answer
FALSE
question
A finite population in waiting line management refers to a population that is large enough in relation to the service system so that the change in population size caused by subtraction or additions to the population does not significantly affect the system probabilities.
answer
FALSE
question
An infinite population in waiting line management refers to a population that is large enough in relation to the service system so that the change in population size caused by subtraction or additions to the population does not significantly affect the system probabilities.
answer
TRUE
question
A variable arrival rate is more common in waiting line management than a constant arrival rate.
answer
TRUE
question
A constant arrival rate is more common in productive systems than a variable arrival rate.
answer
FALSE
question
Arrival characteristics in a queuing problem analysis include the length of the queue.
answer
FALSE
question
The Poisson probability distribution is used in waiting line management when we are interested in the number of arrivals to a queue during some fixed time period.
answer
TRUE
question
The demand on a hospital's emergency medical services is considered a controllable arrival pattern of the calling population.
answer
FALSE
question
The demand on a hospital's emergency medical services is considered an uncontrollable arrival pattern of the calling population.
answer
TRUE
question
Gas stations, loading docks, and parking lots have infinite potential length of lines for their respective queuing systems.
answer
FALSE
question
Highest-profit customer first is a queue discipline discussed in the textbook.
answer
TRUE
question
Longest waiting time in line is a queue discipline discussed in the textbook.
answer
TRUE
question
Best customer last is a queue discipline discussed in the textbook.
answer
FALSE
question
A car wash is an example of a single channel, multiphase queuing system.
answer
TRUE
question
A tellers' window in a bank is an example of a single channel, multiphase queuing system.
answer
FALSE
question
The admissions system in a hospital for patients is an example of a single channel, single phase queuing system.
answer
FALSE
question
There are different queuing models to fit different queuing situations.
answer
TRUE
question
In a practical sense, an infinite queue is one that includes every possible member of the served population.
answer
FALSE
question
In a waiting line situation, multiple lines occur only when there are multiple servers.
answer
FALSE
question
The term "queue discipline" involves the art of controlling surly and unruly customers who have become irritated by waiting.
answer
FALSE
question
In a practical sense, a finite population is one that potentially would form a very long line in relation to the capacity of the serving system.
answer
FALSE
question
A department of 25 machines is kept running by three operators who respond to randomly occurring equipment problems. An analyst who wanted to know how much production was being lost by machines waiting for service could use queuing theory analysis to find out.
answer
TRUE
question
A department of 25 machines is kept running by three operators who respond to randomly occurring equipment problems. When an operator is absent, the amount of production being lost by machines waiting for service increases. The analyst can use queuing theory analysis to determine whether to pay overtime to an operator from a different shift or not.
answer
TRUE
question
A department of 25 machines is kept running by three operators who respond to randomly occurring equipment problems. An analyst wanting to know whether to add a fourth operator or downsize to two operators would be helped by using queuing theory analysis.
answer
TRUE
Fashion
Management
Private Label Brands
Satisfy Customer Needs
Stock Keeping Unit
Chapter 12 practice – Flashcards 82 terms

Jennifer Hawkins
82 terms
Preview
Chapter 12 practice – Flashcards
question
Buyers, divisional merchandise managers, and general merchandise managers are some of those who undertake the responsibilities of merchandise management.
answer
TRUE
question
The highest classification level in the buying organization is the merchandise category.
answer
FALSE
question
Fashion merchandise consists of items that are in continuous demand over an extended time period.
answer
FALSE
question
Seasonal merchandise consists of items whose sales fluctuate dramatically depending on the time of the year.
answer
TRUE
question
An in-depth interview is an unstructured personal interview in which the interviewer uses extensive probing to get individual respondents to talk in detail about a subject.
answer
TRUE
question
Assortment, or depth, of a merchandise category is the number of different merchandising subcategories offered.
answer
FALSE
question
Buyers need not compromise on breadth or depth of merchandise to increase product availability.
answer
FALSE
question
Shorter lead times result in a higher level of backup stock required to maintain the same level of product availability.
answer
FALSE
question
The quantity of merchandise has a bigger impact on profitability than allocation decisions.
answer
FALSE
question
An ABC analysis identifies the performance of individual SKUs in the assortment plan.
answer
TRUE
question
Which of the following is the process by which a retailer attempts to offer the appropriate quantity of the right merchandise, in the right place and at the right time while meeting the company's financial goals?
answer
Merchandise management
question
The highest classification level in a buying organization is the _____.
answer
merchandise group
question
A merchandise group of a retailer is managed by a _____.
answer
general merchandise manager (GMM)
question
Which of the following schemes is the correct order describing the levels of the merchandise classification scheme from the highest level to the lowest level?
answer
Merchandise Group-Department-Classification-Category-SKU
question
The second highest level in the merchandise classification structure is the _____.
answer
department
question
Which of the following statements is NOT true of a department in the merchandise classification scheme?
answer
It is managed by a general merchandise manager (GMM).
question
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the merchandise classification scheme?
answer
SKUs are the basic units of analysis for making merchandising management decisions.
question
A _____ is a group of items targeting the same customer type, such as girls' sizes 4 to 6.
answer
classification
question
Which of the following products is an example of a classification?
answer
Infant apparel
question
Which of the following statements is true of a merchandise category?
answer
It is the basic unit of analysis for merchandising decisions.
question
Which of the following products is NOT an example of a stock-keeping unit (SKU)?
answer
Teen necklaces with matching bracelets and rings
question
A _____ is the basic unit of analysis for making merchandise management decisions.
answer
merchandise category
question
A(n) _____ is the smallest unit available for inventory control.
answer
stock-keeping unit
question
Which of the following is NOT true of category management?
answer
A category manager is also called a category captain and works with vendors to get the most profit from collaborative relationships.
question
Which of the following persons is a vendor who forms an alliance with a retailer to help gain consumer insight, satisfy customer needs, and improve performance and profit across a category?
answer
Category captain
question
What is the drawback of utilizing category captains?
answer
The vendor category captain could take advantage of their position and maximize their own sales.
question
Why are vendors in a better position to manage a category than a smaller retailer?
answer
Vendors have superior information through their focus on a specific category.
question
Which of the following statements is NOT true of a potential problem with appointing vendors as category captains?
answer
Appointing vendors as category captains makes merchandise management tasks difficult for retailers.
question
A performance measure which assesses a buyer's contribution to ROA is called the _____.
answer
gross margin return on investment
question
When there is a high inventory turnover, there is an increase in sales because:
answer
new merchandise is continually available to customers.
question
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a high inventory turnover?
answer
Reduced gross margin
question
Which of the following is a consequence of a high inventory turnover?
answer
Improved employee morale
question
Merchandise like men's crew socks, canned peas, college ruled loose leaf paper, and 60-watt light bulbs would be considered _____ that are in continuous demand over an extended time period.
answer
staple merchandise
question
Which of the following is an example of staple merchandise?
answer
Men's black socks
question
Smart Wash is a popular brand of detergent powder. The stock needs to be continuously replenished in stores and supermarkets due to its high demand. The detergent powder belongs to the category of _____.
answer
staple merchandise
question
_____ consist of items that are only in demand for a relatively short period of time.
answer
Fashion merchandise categories
question
Which of the following is NOT true of a fashion merchandise category?
answer
Forecasting sales for this category is simplistic and predictable.
question
Which of the following is NOT true of staple merchandise categories?
answer
Because their sales are relatively steady from day-to-day, periodic inventory system is used.
question
Which of the following statements holds true for the purchase of staple merchandise?
answer
Staple merchandise is purchased using a continuous replenishment system by monitoring sales and generating replacement orders.
question
_____ categories consist of items whose sales fluctuate dramatically depending on the time of year.
answer
Seasonal merchandise
question
Garden rakes, lawn mowers, and sunscreen would be considered part of a(n) _____ category.
answer
seasonal merchandise
question
Which of the following is NOT true of fashion merchandise categories?
answer
Buyers for fashion merchandise categories have a high degree of flexibility in correcting forecasting errors.
question
Which of the following merchandise systems focuses on staying as close to out of stock as possible?
answer
Fashion merchandise management system
question
Which of the following merchandise categories is purchased in a manner similar to fashion merchandise?
answer
Seasonal merchandise
question
What is the first step in merchandise management planning?
answer
Developing a forecast for sales
question
Which of the following is true of the forecasting approach for staple merchandise categories?
answer
Forecasts are typically based on extrapolating historical sales.
question
Which of the following processes is an unstructured form of personal questioning used in market research and involves extensive probing to get individual respondents to talk in detail about a subject?
answer
In-depth interview
question
A(n) _____ is a small group of respondents interviewed by a moderator using a loosely structured format in which participants are encouraged to express their views and comment on the views of others in the group.
answer
focus group
question
Which of the following best describes variety?
answer
The number of different merchandising subcategories within a store
question
Father Christmas is a retail store in Georgia that sells a unique Santa made from fur, wool, and tapestry. The store does not sell any other product. Therefore, the store has no _____.
answer
variety
question
_____ of a retailer's merchandise is the number of SKUs within a subcategory.
answer
Assortment
question
_____ of a merchandise category is the number of different merchandising subcategories offered.
answer
Variety
question
Which of the following statements about assortment is NOT true?
answer
Offering a large assortment normally simplifies a customer's buying decision.
question
Which of the following statements does NOT describe the trade-offs that buyers should consider for merchandise assortment planning?
answer
SKU rationalization programs can help in increasing inventory turnover without reducing sales.
question
The _____ is the number of each SKU in the assortment plan that the buyer wants to have available for purchase in each store.
answer
model stock plan
question
Which of the following terms is defined as the percentage of demand for a particular SKU that is satisfied?
answer
Product availability
question
_____ is also referred to as the level of support or service level.
answer
Product availability
question
Father Christmas is a retail store in Georgia that sells a unique Santa made from fur, wool, and tapestry. If 150 customers wish to buy a Santa from this store, and it sells 120 before running out of stock, what is its service level?
answer
80 percent
question
Which of the following statements does NOT describe the relationship between product availability and stock level?
answer
The quantity of backup stock is fixed by a retailer and is not influenced by product availability.
question
Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the increase of buffer stock levels?
answer
Frequent store deliveries
question
_____ refers to inventory for which the level goes up and down in response to the replenishment process.
answer
Cycle stock
question
Which of the following statements does NOT describe the approach which deals with cycle (base) stock?
answer
Frequent orderings with smaller quantities will reduce transportation costs.
question
Since sales and the arrival of merchandise from vendors can't be predicted with perfect accuracy, retailers have to carry _____.
answer
backup stock
question
A catalog retailer of kitchen items observes that during some weeks it sells 40 muffin pans, and during other weeks it sells none. A reorder takes up to three weeks. The probability of running out of pans and alienating its customers can be alleviated by maintaining _____.
answer
backup stock
question
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the level of required backup stock?
answer
Price of the product
question
_____ is the amount of time between the recognition that an order needs to be placed and the point at which the merchandise arrives in the store and is ready for sale.
answer
lead time
question
The percentage of SKUs received complete on a particular order from a vendor is called the _____.
answer
fill rate
question
The retailer's information system determines the _____ by comparing the sales made through the POS terminals with the shipments received by the store.
answer
perpetual inventory
question
A(n) _____ indicates the decision variables set by the buyer, such as product availability, the backup stock needed to provide the product availability, and the order points and quantities.
answer
inventory management report
question
In staple merchandise management systems, the _____ is the amount of inventory below which the quantity available shouldn't go or the item will be out of stock before the next order arrives.
answer
order point
question
The merchandise budget plan:
answer
specifies the level of inventory needed to support the sales.
question
A(n) _____ is used to keep track of the actual merchandise flows—what the present inventory level is, when purchased merchandise is scheduled for delivery, and how much has been sold to customers.
answer
open-to-buy system
question
An open-to-buy system compares:
answer
the planned and actual end-of-month inventory.
question
After developing a plan for managing merchandise within a category, the next step in the merchandise management process is to:
answer
allocate the merchandise to the stores.
question
Retail chains typically classify each of their stores on the basis of annual sales. According to this classification, _____.
answer
A stores would have the largest sales volume
question
Which of the following factors is considered by retailers in making merchandise allocation and promotion decisions specific to difficult economic times?
answer
Paycheck cycle
question
After developing a plan and allocating the merchandise, the next step in the merchandise planning process involves:
answer
analyzing the performance and making adjustments.
question
Which of the following analysis techniques compares actual and planned sales to determine whether more merchandise is needed to satisfy demand or whether price reductions are required?
answer
Sell-through analysis
question
A(n) _____ identifies the performance of individual SKUs in the assortment plan.
answer
ABC analysis
question
Retailers often find the 80-20 principle evident within the ABC analysis. What does the 80-20 principle imply?
answer
Approximately 80 percent of a retailer's sales come from 20 percent of its products.
question
Which of the following statements is true of the ABC analysis?
answer
The SKUs in a merchandise category are rank-ordered by several performance measures.
question
The _____ method for evaluating vendors uses a weighted-average score for each vendor.
answer
multiattribute analysis
Fashion
Hardware
Internet
Training
CTC 452-01 TEST 2 – Flashcards 40 terms

Lewis Edwards
40 terms
Preview
CTC 452-01 TEST 2 – Flashcards
question
If you see a /16 in the header of a snort rule, what does it mean?
answer
the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0
question
Which of the following is true about an NIDPS versus an HIDPS?
answer
an HIDPS can detect attacks not caught by an NIDPS
question
Which of the following is NOT a typical IDPS component?
answer
Internet gateway
question
A hybrid IDPS combines aspects of NIDPS and HIDPS configurations.
answer
True
question
The period of time during which an IDPS monitors network traffic to observe what constitutes normal network behavior is referred to as which of the following?
answer
training period
question
Which type of IDPS can have the problem of getting disparate systems to work in a coordinated fashion?
answer
hybrid
question
What is an advantage of the anomaly detection method?
answer
system can detect attacks from inside the network by people with stolen accounts
question
Where is a host-based IDPS agent typically placed?
answer
on a workstation or server
question
A weakness of a signature-based system is that it must keep state information on a possible attack
answer
True
question
Which approach to stateful protocol analysis involves detection of the protocol in use, followed by activation of analyzers that can identify applications not using standard ports?
answer
Dynamic Application layer protocol analysis
question
What are the two standard ports used by FTP along with their function?
answer
TCP 21 control, TCP 20 data
question
Which of the following is a general practice for a rule base?
answer
permit access to public servers in the DMZ
question
What is a suggested maximum size of a rule base?
answer
30 rules
question
Which of the following is NOT among the common guidelines that should be reflected in the rule base to implement an organization's security policy?
answer
employees can use instant-messaging only with external network users
question
Software firewalls are usually more scalable than hardware firewalls.
answer
False
question
At what layer of the OSI model do proxy servers generally operate?
answer
Application
question
The Cisco PIX line of products is best described as which of the following?
answer
firewall appliance
question
Which of the following is a typical drawback of a free firewall program?
answer
cannot monitor traffic in real time
question
Which of the following is a method for supporting IPv6 on IPv4 networks until IPv6 is universally adopted?
answer
Teredo tunneling
question
Which of the following is an advantage of hardware firewalls?
answer
not dependent on a conventional OS
question
Which of the following best describes a DMZ?
answer
a subnet of publicly accessible servers placed outside the internal network
question
Where should network management systems generally be placed?
answer
out of band
question
What do you call a firewall that is connected to the Internet, the internal network, and the DMZ?
answer
three-pronged firewall
question
What should you consider installing if you want to inspect packets as they leave the network?
answer
reverse firewall
question
What is a step you can take to harden a bastion host?
answer
remove unnecessary services
question
Which type of firewall configuration protects public servers by isolating them from the internal network?
answer
screened subnet DMZ
question
In what type of attack are zombies usually put to use?
answer
DDoS
question
Which type of NAT is typically used on devices in the DMZ?
answer
one-to-one NAT
question
Which type of security device can speed up Web page retrieval and shield hosts on the internal network?
answer
proxy server
question
Which of the following is true about private IP addresses?
answer
they are not routable on the Internet
question
Which of the following is true about SSL?
answer
it uses sockets to communicate between client and server
question
What was created to address the problem of remote clients not meeting an organization's VPN security standards?
answer
VPN quarantine
question
Which of the following is an improvement of TLS over SSL?
answer
adds a hashed message authentication code
question
What are the two modes in which IPsec can be configured to run?
answer
tunnel and transport
question
Which of the following is true about software VPNs?
answer
more cost-effective than hardware VPNs
question
Which VPN protocol leverages Web-based applications?
answer
SSL
question
Which VPN protocol works at Layer 3 and can encrypt the entire TCP/IP packet?
answer
IPsec
question
Which of the following is a type of VPN connection?
answer
client-to-site
question
Which of the following is NOT an essential element of a VPN?
answer
authentication server
question
Which of the following is true about using VPNs?
answer
can use an existing broadband connection