Textile & Apparel Production, Management, and Services Reference Book – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Textile Industry
answer
common reference to the fiber-to-fabric segment of the textile and apparel industry.
question
Apparel Industry
answer
common reference to industry segment involved in the manufacture of garments and accessories.
question
Sewn products industry
answer
includes all stages of apparel production and interior furnishings, luggage, awnings and sewn toys.
question
Textiles
answer
materials such as fibers, yarns, fabrics, or productions made of these.
question
ATC-Agreement on Textiles and Clothing
answer
instrument to rovide the guidelines to integrate textiles and apparel into mainstream international trade rules.
question
FTC-Federal Trade Commission
answer
responsible for preventing unfair and deceptive trade, to rotect teh ultimate consumer, and to regulate segments of the industry itself.
question
Apparel services
answer
occupations that serve customers in the planning, selection, maintenance, and care of apparel.
question
Industrial apparel production
answer
done by apparel firms including manufacturers, jobbers, or contractors.
question
Apparel manufacturer
answer
designs, produces, and markets garments with its own brand label and own facilities.
question
Jobber
answer
develops ideas for looks or designs, selects the fabric for the designs, and markets the finished products.
question
Contractors
answer
business that produce apparel for jobbers or manufacturers.
question
Private label merchandise
answer
made specifically for a retailer and carries the store's private label.
question
Staple or basic apparel
answer
clothing items that are primarily replacement rather than a want.
question
Fashion apparel
answer
items that experience styling changes from season to season based on the wants and demands of customers.
question
Cottage industries
answer
home-based sewing companies.
question
Gray or greige goods
answer
knitted or woven fabrics in an unfinished state ( before dyeing)
question
Fashion
answer
style accepted and used by the majority of people at any given time.
question
Haute couture
answer
fashion from a designer who creates a collection of original designs and are sold on made-to-order basis.
question
High Fashion
answer
styles or designs accepted by a limited gorup of fashion leaders.
question
Common sales transactions
answer
cash, charge and layaway.
question
Ergonomics
answer
science of fitting the job to the worker.
question
3 levels of business organization
answer
management, mid-management, staff.
question
SOP- Standard Operating Procedures
answer
written procedures for the teasks that are done on a regular basis.
question
Most commonly used natural fibers
answer
Cotton, wool, silk and linen.
question
Classifications of wool on labels
answer
WOOL-fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of Angora or Cashmere goat; -VIRGIN OR NEW WOOL-wool that has never been used or reclaimed- RECYCLED WOOL-fiber made from previously produced wool fabric
question
Two basic types of manufactured fibers
answer
Cellulosic made from plants (rayon, triacetate, and acetate); noncellulosic-made from molecules fouind in petroleum, natural gas, air and water to become POLYMERs
question
Generic name
answer
official name given to a fiber and are significantly different in chemical composition.
question
Trademark name
answer
an assigned name given to the generic name.
question
Property of Fibers
answer
abrasion resistance;absorbency;chemical reactivity; cohesiveness, cover; creep;crimp; density; dyeability; elastic recovery; elongation; feltability; flammability; flexibility; hand; eat conductivity; loft; luster; mildew resistance; pilling; reiliency; stiffness; strength; sunlight resistance
question
Yarn
answer
a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material suitable for processing into a textile fabric.
question
Silk
answer
the only natural filament fiber.
question
Filament yarn
answer
made by twisting several stands of filament fiber together.
question
Spun yarn
answer
made by twisting many staple fibers together.
question
Spinning
answer
Last step in converting fibers to yarn.
question
Three spinning systems used to produce spun yarn
answer
cotton, wool and worsted systems.
question
Ply
answer
number of strands or yarns twisted togeter.
question
Blended fibers
answer
have advantage of desirable characteristics of both fibers.
question
4 methods of producing fabric
answer
felting, bonding, weaving or knitting.
question
Looping or interlocking yarns together
answer
process for creating knitted fabrics.
question
Felting
answer
process in which fibers (not yarns) are pressed together to form a fabric
question
Bonding
answer
use of adhesive substance to hold together either fibers or separate layers of fabric.
question
Warp yarns
answer
lengthwise yarns woven along the entire length of the fabric parallel to the selvage.
question
Weft yarns
answer
crosswise yarns woven across the fabric.
question
Finishes
answer
makes greige goods usable, fabrics more attractive, or improve fabrics performance.
question
Design
answer
the organization or arrangement of parts that make up a structure or work of art.
question
Elements of design
answer
line, shap/form, space, texture, and color.
question
Characteristics of line
answer
indicates direction, length, width, and straightness.
question
Shape or form
answer
the silhouette formed by the outline of a clothing design.
question
3 classic silhouettes
answer
bell, tubular and back fullness.
question
Space
answer
the background against which forms or shapes are seen.
question
Texture
answer
the surface quality of an object.; important to how a fabric should be used.
question
Color
answer
most noted and remembered aspect of clothing.
question
Considerations in color combinations
answer
hues, values, and intensities.
question
Color groupings
answer
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
question
Elements of design
answer
parts that make up a design which have no rigid rules, but follow basic guidelines called principles of design.
question
Principles of design
answer
balance, proportion, rhythmn, emphasis, and harmony/unity.
question
Monochromatic color scheme
answer
uses two or more variations of the same hue; contains varius tints, shades and intensities of one color.
question
Analogous color scheme
answer
colors that are adjacent on color wheel with no fewer than 3 and no more than six colors in this scheme.
question
Complementary color schemes
answer
use of colors taht are direct opposites of each other on the color wheel.
question
Split complementary colro scheme
answer
one color with the tow colors on either side of its direct complement.
question
Triad color schemes
answer
use of hues that are four steps apart and equidistant on the color wheel.
question
Accented neutral color schemes
answer
made by using black, white, or gray with a small amoutn of bright color accent.
question
Balance
answer
principle of design that produces a sense of restfulness and equilibrium between opposite elements.
question
Proportion
answer
relationship of parts to each other and to the whole based on how space is divided.
question
Rhythm
answer
the illusion of motion as the eye moves from one part of a design to another.
question
Rhythm
answer
created by repetition, gradation or progression, and transition.
question
Harmony or unity
answer
the final goal or any design.
question
Basis for apparel and accessory choices
answer
personality; lifestyle; desiired image and fist impression; and values, needs, and wants.
question
Factors for apparel and accessory quality
answer
appearance, care, comfort, and durability.
question
1972 Care Labeling Act
answer
all finished garments and fabric shall have attached labels for garment maintenance.
question
Textile Fiber Product Identification Act 190
answer
textile products shall have a label listing the generic names of fibers.
question
Wool Product Labeling Act 1939
answer
all wool products shall be identified as either new or recycled wool.
question
Fur Product Labeling Act 1951
answer
requires thelabel of a fur product to list the name of the animal, treatment of fur, country, etc.
question
Falmmable Fabric Act 1953
answer
prohibits sale of fabrics that burn faster, easier, and more intesely than other fabrics.
question
Labels
answer
piece of cloth or ribbon permanently attached to a gamernt with information about the garment.
question
Hangtag
answer
detachable label made of heavy paper or cardboard with voluntary information.
question
Set-in sleeves
answer
sleeves joined to a garment at the armhole with seam all around and allowing free movement.
question
Raglan sleeve
answer
sleeve attached to the bodice by a seam that contines in one piece to the collar but no seam at the shoulder.
question
Kimono sleeves
answer
sleeves that do not have seams to connect them to the bodice but are cut in one piece during construction.
question
Dolman sleeve
answer
a kimono sleeve that is lower than usual at the underarm.
question
Batwing sleeve
answer
a kimono sleeve that is loose and very low at the underarm.
question
Types of skirts
answer
A-line, circular, dirndl, flared, gathered, gored, pleated, straight or fitted, wrap.
question
Types of dresses
answer
A-line, blouson, coat, empire, lowered waistline, princess, sheath, shift or chemise, shirtwaist, tent.
question
Types of women's coats
answer
balmacaan, capecoat or Inverness loak, chesterfield, pea, princess, trench, wrap.
question
Types of women's jackets
answer
bolero, box, Chanel, Norfolk, safari, windbreaker.
question
American cut suit
answer
natural sloping shoulders, a loosefitting jacket and moderately wide-notched lapels.
question
European cut suit
answer
paddes shoulders, tigher armholes, a jacket narrowed at the waist, and peaked lapels.
question
Men's jackets
answer
single-breasted, double-breasted, sports, blazer.
question
Types of lapels
answer
notched (standard business lapel); peak (two sharp points and more formal as seen on double-breasted)
question
Trousers
answer
pants worn with a suit.
question
Slacks
answer
pants worn for casual occasions. Traditional slacks have belt loops; Continental slacks have split waistband and no belt loops.
question
Collar types
answer
button-down( buttons to the body of the shirt); French-style (short points and large spread); long-point (small spread and 4"-4 1/2" in length; tab collar (snap tabs or collar point to hold tips behind the knot).
question
Types of men's coats
answer
topcoat, overcoat, all-weather, and three-quarter.
question
Levels of fashion promotion
answer
Producers that manufacture raw materials; Manufacturers who wholesale finished products; Retailers who sell finished products to customers.
question
Two broad categories of adverstising
answer
Product advertising-to immediately sell merchandise; Institutional advertising- to build a positive reputation for a company.
question
Three types of special events for publicity
answer
Merchandise Events; Demonstrations and Educational events; Fashion Shows.
question
Types of fashion shows
answer
Formal- has identifiable theme; informal-also called a showing and is less structured; industrial show- also called a trade show usually by industry producers; retail show- sponsored by a retailer usually in-store,the cutomer sow, or the charity show.
question
Six types of window displays
answer
single-category (one type of merchandise at one price; campaign window (same type of merchandise for serval weeks in the same windows; single-promotion ( major seling event in all or most of the windows); sale displays- (used to show bargain or clearance sale merchandise);line-of-goods ( show items from one manufacturer; mass displays (include varied, low-priced items).
question
Open window
answer
permits customers to see into the interior of the sore.
question
Closed window
answer
closed-in compartment which does not allow viewing inside the store.
question
Semi-closed window
answer
partial background that hides some of the store's interior.
question
Major categories of window displays
answer
selling and prestige.
question
Components used in window displays
answer
merchandise, functional props, decorative prips, structural props, background, floor covering and lighting.
question
Interior displays
answer
located where customers will see them and are used in combination with window displays and advertising.
question
Types of interior displays
answer
showcase, counter, platforms, shdow boxes, environment, island, free-standing units, hanging, point-of-purchase, self-selection, and vidoe kiosks.
question
Various arrangements for developing displays
answer
single-unit, repetition, step, zigzag, line, S-curve, crescent, reverse curve, radiation, and pyramid.
question
Elements of an effective sign
answer
informative, accurate, appropriate for the display, follows a set pattern, and does not contain too much information.
question
Fixtures
answer
items constructed to support and display merchandise.
question
Fabrics and notions
answer
important components of garments chosen based on fashion trends, quality, performance, price and suitability.
question
Grain
answer
direction of a weave in a fabric.
question
On-grain
answer
warp and filling yarns intersect at right angles.
question
Off-grain
answer
yarns are not at right angles and will cause various construction problems.
question
Measures of fabric weights
answer
ounces per yard, yards per pound, and onces per square yard.
question
Large prints
answer
should be used with simple designs.
question
Small prints and solid colors
answer
should be used with garments of more design detail.
question
Napped, sueded and pile fabrics
answer
have nap and usually require more yardage than other fabrics.
question
Hand
answer
the feel, body and way a fabric falls when draped.
question
Weight
answer
heaviness or lightness and thinness or thickness or the fabric.
question
Shaping fabrics
answer
used for lining, interfacing, underlining, and interlining.
question
Yardage
answer
amount of fabric needed for a particular project.
question
Notions
answer
thread, buttons, elastic, hooks and eyes, smaps, trims, and tape.
question
Motion economy
answer
using time saving techniques and being more efficient.
question
Good machine control
answer
starting, stopping,and sweing at the speed desired.
question
Faulty sewing machine threading
answer
breaking thread and skipped stitches.
question
Basic sewing techniques
answer
backstitching; staystitching; basting; understitching; topstitching; sewing corners.points, and inserts; feeding uneven plies; and sewing darts, pleats, tucks, and buttonholes.
question
Types of seams
answer
welt, French, flat-felled, and double-stitched.
question
Seam finishes
answer
zigzag, handovercast, pinked, pinked and stitched, and clean finished.
question
Hand stitches
answer
basting; backstitch, catch stitch, slip stitch, banket, buttonhole, therad chain, vertical hemming, blind-hemming, overcast, running, padding, French tacks, and tailor's tacks.
question
Repair procedures
answer
darning, patching, and seam reinforcement.
question
4 types of conventional sewing machines
answer
straight stitch, zigzag, automatic stitch, and electronic or computerized machines.
question
Types of industrial sewing macines
answer
lock stitch, chain stitch, automatic and decorative stitch machines.
question
Additional features on industrial machines
answer
treadle, knee press, balance wheel, belt, thread stand, and sewing lamp.
question
Spreading
answer
laying down of many layers of fabric, each on top of the preceding one, into a stack for multiple cuts.
question
Pressing
answer
lifting an iron and setting it down on a fabric.
question
Ironing
answer
sliding the iron back and forth over the fabric.
question
Essential ingredients for pressing
answer
heat, moisture, and pressure.
question
Three pressing methods
answer
dry pressing, wet pressing and steam pressing.
question
Details that require pressing
answer
darts, pleats, tucks, gathers or shirring, plackets and zippers, buttonholes, pockets, and hems.
question
Taking measurements
answer
major factor in saving time during garment construction.
question
Key to sewing success
answer
measure often and accurately in addition to rechecking measurements.
question
Basic measurements for a female client
answer
height, back waist length, high bust, bust, waist, and full hip.
question
Basic measurements for a male client
answer
height, neck circumference, chest, waist, hips, and shirt sleeve length.
question
Figure types
answer
gourps of patterns according to height, proportion and shape.
question
Basic figure types for female patterns
answer
Misses', Miss Petite, Junior, Junior Petite, Young Junior/Teen, Half-Size, and Women's.
question
Basic figure types for male patterns
answer
Boys', Teen-Boys', and Men's.
question
Children's clothing categories
answer
Babies, Toddlers', Children's, Girls', and Chubbie.
question
True
answer
children's clothing categories reflect physical development of the average child at specific ages.
question
True
answer
names for figure types are not intended for the age of the client.
question
Lengthwise grain
answer
perpendicular to the floor at the center front and center back of a garment.
question
Crosswise grain
answer
parallel to the floor at the center front and center back of a garment.
question
Balanced garment
answer
hangs the same distrance form teh body from right to left and front to back, is on-grain, and sufficient ease.
question
Ease
answer
determined b current fashion, body build, activity, and type of fabric, and is distributed evenly to each side of a garment.
question
Basic pattern alterations
answer
increasingor decreasing length, waist, hip line, crotch depth or length; raising or lowering bust darts; enlarging the bust area.
question
Final pattern alterations
answer
pieced back together and put on client's body for proper fit.
question
Pattern guide sheet
answer
general information about the pattern, a vriety of cutting layouts, and sewing directions for garment construction.
question
Preshrink and straighten
answer
to be done to fabric before cutting pattern.
question
Determines straightness of fabric
answer
tearing the fabric, cutitng along a rpminent design line, or pulling a crosswise yarn.
question
Fabric folds for pattern layout
answer
crosswise, lengthwise, partial or double fold.
question
Require special pattern layouts
answer
napped, plaid, striped fabrics and geometric design fabrics.
question
Large pattern pieces with place-on-fold brackets
answer
should be pinned to the fabric before other pattern pieces.
question
Fitted facing or self-facing
answer
used to finish raw garment edge, such as an armhole or neckline.
question
Interfacing
answer
used to add firmness or help retain shape.
question
Linings
answer
may be free-hanging as in skirts and pants, or may be attached to hem as in jackets and sleeves.
question
Gathered seams
answer
retain fullness.
question
Eased seams
answer
are smooth and unpuckered.
question
Self-casing or applied casing
answer
hold elastic or drawstrings in garments.
question
Fitter
answer
person trained to determine and mark garments for alterations.
question
Primary parts of blouses and shirts to alter
answer
neckline, shoulders, bodice, and sleevers.
question
Waistline seam
answer
unique part of a dress that can be increased, decreased, raised, or lowered.
question
Darts
answer
one of the primary techniques for changing bodices.
question
True
answer
the lower portion of a gament is easier to alter than the upper portion.
question
Hemline
answer
part of garments that is altered most.
question
True
answer
lengthening and shortening alterations are done after all other alterations are complete.
question
Characteristics of laundry sorting
answer
color, soil, size, texture, and type of handling required.
question
Methods used to treat stains
answer
presoak, pretreating with a stain remover, stain removal guide and stain removal kits.
question
Types of energy for soil removal
answer
mechanical(agitation or rotation of washer tub); chemical (laundry products); thermal (hot, warm, or cold water).
question
Length of time to dry laundry
answer
temperature of the circulating air, size of the load, amount of moisture in teh the laundry, and type of fabric.
question
Washer/extractor machines
answer
filter dry cleaning solvent to removce bleeding, dye, dirt, oil, and odors.
question
Sanitizing textile and apparel products
answer
washing in hot water of at least 130F or drying in ultraviolet lamp dryer.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New