Evolution Flashcards, test questions and answers
Discover flashcards, test exam answers, and assignments to help you learn more about Evolution and other subjects. Don’t miss the chance to use them for more effective college education. Use our database of questions and answers on Evolution and get quick solutions for your test.
We've found 10 Evolution tests
AP Biology
Around The World
Biology
Evolution
Fossils
Morphology
Chapter 15, Section 2: Evidence of Evolution – Flashcards 14 terms

Evie Nicholson
14 terms
Preview
Chapter 15, Section 2: Evidence of Evolution – Flashcards
question
New features that did not appear in the fossils of ancestors.
answer
Derived Trait
question
More common features that appear in the fossils of ancestors.
answer
Ancestral Trait
question
Anatomically alike structures that are inherited from and ancestor.
answer
Homologous Structure
question
Structures that are like functional structures in other animals, but are reduced forms.
answer
Vestigial Structure
question
Structures that are made the same way, and have similar purposes but are not from a common ancestor
answer
Analogous Structure
question
Early pre-birth stage of stage of an organisms development.
answer
Embryo
question
The study of the dispersion of plants and animals around the earth.
answer
Biogeography
question
A measure of the relative contribution an organisms individual trait makes it to the next generation.
answer
Fitness
question
The ability to blend in with the environments around you. Some species are born with natural camouflage.
answer
Camouflage
question
When one species evolves to look like or copy the looks of another.
answer
Mimicry
question
A spandrel example is a prominent trait that does not increase reproductive success. Meaning that it stands out and has a purpose, but it doesn't affect anything.
answer
Spandrel Example
question
Fossils provide a record of organisms that lived in the past. They show some of the most significant evidences of evolution. By doing this they tell us whether a species has changed over time, or stayed the same.
answer
How do fossils provide evidence of evolution?
question
Morphology shows us animals have changed over time to develop adaptations such as camouflage, which allows them to blend in with their surroundings.
answer
How does morphology provide evidences of evolution?
question
Data shows common ancestry can be seen in the complex metabolic molecules many different organisms share. If an organism has slight variations in its amino acid sequence, the it has changed very little over time.
answer
How does biochemistry provide evidences of evolution?
Evidence For Evolution
Evolution
Evolutionary Biology
Geology
Systematics
Why Should Students Learn Evolution?, Brian Alters and Sandra Alters – Flashcards 16 terms

William Hopper
16 terms
Preview
Why Should Students Learn Evolution?, Brian Alters and Sandra Alters – Flashcards
question
evolution is the basic context of all the ________ sciences
answer
biological
question
take away evolution, and all that is left is disparate facts without the ________ that ties them all together
answer
thread
question
evolution is the explanatory framework, the ________ theory
answer
unifying
question
________ can be understood fully only in an evolutionary context
answer
biology
question
in explaining how the organisms of today got to be the way they are, evolution helps make sense out of the _______ of life and explains _______ among species
answer
history. relationships
question
evolutionary explanations answer the ______ questions of biology
answer
why
question
evolution is a ______ theme among many sciences
answer
unifying
question
evolution answers the question of the unity and similarity of life by its _________ and shared _______
answer
relatedness. history
question
explains why ______ is adapted to function
answer
form
question
helps researchers understand the ________, ________, and _________ of genetic disease
answer
frequency. nature. distribution
question
the branch of biology that studies the classification of life
answer
systematics
question
predominant method used in systematics. classifies organisms with respect to their phylogenetic relationships -those based on their evolutionary history
answer
cladistics
question
example of a biological subdiscipline enriched by an evolutionary perspective
answer
developmental biology
question
the study of human and animal _______ can be enhanced by an evolutionary perspective
answer
behavior
question
the study of the history of the earth, especially as recorded in rocks
answer
geology
question
the study of fossils
answer
paleontology
Body Of Water
Evolution
Martial Arts
Trivia
All 151 Kanto Pokemon – Flashcards 151 terms

Claire Scott
151 terms
Preview
All 151 Kanto Pokemon – Flashcards
question
Bulbasaur (Fushigidane)
answer
The Seed Pokémon. It is a starter Pokémon in Red & Blue, along with Squirtle and Charmander, and is also a dual-type starter Grass/Poison Pokémon.
question
Ivysaur (Fushigisou)
answer
The Seed Pokémon. It evolves from Bulbasaur at Level 16. It loses its ability to stand on 2 legs alone, because the bulb on its back blooms to a flower. It is a dual-type Grass/Poison Pokémon.
question
Venusaur (Fushigibana)
answer
The Seed Pokémon. It evolves from Ivysaur at Level 32. These Pokémon hold Bulbasaur Evolution Ceremonies, use SolarBeam and Venoshock and are dual-type Grass/Poison Pokémon.
question
Charmander (Hitokage)
answer
The Lizard Pokémon. It is a starter Pokémon in Red & Blue along with Bulbasaur and Squirtle, and is a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Charmeleon (Lizardo)
answer
The Flame Pokémon. It evolves from Charmander at Level 16. It becomes hot tempered with a battle at over 180 degrees Fahrenheit. It is also a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Charizard (Lizardon)
answer
The Flame Pokémon. It evolves from Charmeleon at Level 36. It's found at volcanoes, shooting fire everywhere, causing forest fires. It is a dual-type Fire/Flying Pokémon.
question
Squirtle (Zenigame)
answer
The Tiny Turtle Pokémon. It is a starter Pokémon in Red & Blue along with Bulbasaur and Charmander, and is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Wartortle (Kameil)
answer
The Turtle Pokémon. It evolves from Squirtle at Level 16. Its wing-like ears help it sense prey. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Blastoise (Kamex)
answer
The Shellfish Pokémon. It evolves from Wartortle at Level 36. It has high pressure water cannons on its shell that can shear through steel. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Caterpie (Kyatapi)
answer
The Worm Pokémon. It has a highly effective String Shot, which slows the target Pokémon down. It is a Bug-type Pokémon.
question
Metapod (Toranseu)
answer
The Cocoon Pokémon. It evolves from Caterpie at Level 6. It can learn Harden, which raises its defense. It is a Bug-type Pokémon.
question
Butterfree (Batafuri)
answer
The Butterfly Pokémon. It evolves from Metapod at Level 10. It can learn Confusion and Supersonic, both moves that can confuse opposing Pokémon. It is a dual-type Bug/Flying Pokémon.
question
Weedle (Beedle)
answer
The Hairy Bug Pokémon. It can use Poison Sting, which is highly effective due to its poison horn on its head. It is a dual-type Bug/Poison Pokémon.
question
Kakuna (Cocoon)
answer
The Cocoon Pokémon. It evolves from Weedle at Level 6. Its range of motion is so extremely limited, that many are mistaken for dead. It is a dual-type Bug/Poison Pokémon.
question
Beedrill (Spear)
answer
The Poison Bee Pokémon. It evolves from Kakuna at Level 10. They attack with all 3 of their stingers in swarms ready to attack. They are dual-type Bug/Poison Pokémon.
question
Pidgey (Poppo)
answer
The Tiny Bird Pokémon. It is docile and avoids conflict, but attacks whenever disturbed. It is a dual-type Normal/Flying Pokémon.
question
Pidgeotto (Pigeon)
answer
The Bird Pokémon. It evolves from Pidgey starting at Level 18. Full of vitality, Pidgeotto patrols its territory, attacking intruders. It is a dual-type Normal/Flying Pokémon.
question
Pidgeot (Pigeot)
answer
The Bird Pokémon. It evolves from Pidgeotto starting at Level 36. It is aerodynamic and fly at heights of up to 3,300 feet. It is a dual-type Normal/Flying Pokémon.
question
Rattata (Koratta)
answer
The Mouse Pokémon. Their fangs grow throughout their lifespan, and start whittling out the more they chew on stuff. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Raticate (Ratta)
answer
The Mouse Pokémon. It evolves from Rattata at Level 20. Their fangs are powerful enough to topple objects as big as buildings. They are Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Spearow (Onisuzume)
answer
The Tiny Bird Pokémon. Unlike Pidgey, these Pokémon are hostile and will attack as soon as they see any offender. They are dual-type Normal/Flying Pokémon.
question
Fearow (Onidrill)
answer
The Beak Pokémon. It evolves from Spearow at Level 20. Their beaks are as sharp as needles. They are dual-type Normal/Flying Pokémon.
question
Ekans (Arbo)
answer
The Snake Pokémon. Its poisonous fangs can really pose a threat. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Arbok (Abokku)
answer
The Cobra Pokémon. It evolves from Ekans at Level 22. Its hood has a design of an angry face, which is meant to scare off other Pokémon. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Pikachu (Pikachu)
answer
The Mouse Pokémon. This Pokémon was also one of Ash Ketchum's companions over the years and even appeared in Super Smash Bros. It is an Electric-type Pokémon.
question
Raichu (Raichu)
answer
The Mouse Pokémon. It evolves from Pikachu in exposure to a Thunderstone. This Pokémon is so strong, it can hold up to 100,000 volts of electricity. It is an Electric-type Pokémon.
question
Sandshrew (Sand)
answer
The Mouse Pokémon. The sand in its area gives it very good camouflage. It is a Ground-type Pokémon.
question
Sandslash (Sandpan)
answer
The Mouse Pokémon. It evolves from Sandshrew starting at Level 22. This Pokémon appears more pangolin-like or hedgehog-like rather than mouse-like. It is a Ground-type Pokémon.
question
Nidoran Female (Nidoran Mesu)
answer
The Poison Pin Pokémon. It is all female and appears light blue colored with stubs on its skin. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Nidorina (Nidorina)
answer
The Poison Pin Pokémon. It evolves from Nidoran♀ starting at Level 16. It is still all female and also becomes bipedal and has stubs on its back. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Nidoqueen (Nidokuin)
answer
The Drill Pokémon. It evolves from Nidorina in exposure to a Moon Stone. It is still all female and looks like it is wearing a bathing suit. It is a dual-type Poison/Ground Pokémon.
question
Nidoran Male (Nidoran Osu)
answer
The Poison Pin Pokémon. It is all male and appears purple colored with larger stubs than female. It also has a horn on its head. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Nidorino (Nidorino)
answer
The Poison Pin Pokémon. It evolves from Nidoran♂ starting at Level 16. It is still all male and quadripedal. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Nidoking (Nidokingu)
answer
The Drill Pokémon. It evolves from Nidorino in exposure to a Moon Stone. It is still male and becomes bipedal. It is dual-type Poison/Ground Pokémon.
question
Clefairy (Pippi)
answer
The Fairy Pokémon. They can use metronome which include random moves, and are surprisingly common during the full moon. It is a dual-type Normal/Fairy Pokémon.
question
Clefable (Pixy)
answer
The Fairy Pokémon. It evolves from Clefairy in exposure to a Moon Stone. When evolved, it has 2 fairy wings on it. It is a dual-type Normal/Fairy Pokémon.
question
Vulpix (Rokon)
answer
The Fox Pokémon. To escape from predators, this Pokémon can feign from injury. It is a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Ninetales (Kyukon)
answer
The Fox Pokémon. It evolves from Vulpix in exposure to a Fire Stone. Legends say Ninetales can live for 1000 years. It is a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Jigglypuff (Purin)
answer
The Balloon Pokémon. It can use Sing, a move that puts opponents to sleep. It also appears in Super Smash Bros. It is a dual-type Normal/Fairy Pokémon.
question
Wigglytuff (Pukurin)
answer
The Balloon Pokémon. It evolves from Jigglypuff in exposure to a Moon Stone. It has an appearance of a rabbit. It's a dual-type Normal/Fairy Pokémon.
question
Zubat (Zubatto)
answer
The Bat Pokémon. It lacks eyes or a nose, but is commonly found in caves. It is a dual-type Poison/Flying Pokémon.
question
Golbat (Gorubatto)
answer
The Bat Pokémon. It evolves from Zubat at Level 22. Like bats, Golbat sucks blood from many Pokémon. It's a dual-type Poison/Flying Pokémon.
question
Oddish (Nazonokusa)
answer
The Weed Pokémon. It has the appearance of a radish. It a dual-type Grass/Poison Pokemon.
question
Gloom (Kusaihana)
answer
The Weed Pokémon. It evolves from Oddish at Level 21. It is a poisonous flower with a Gloom. It is a dual-type Grass/Poison Pokémon.
question
Vileplume (Ruffresia)
answer
The Flower Pokémon. It evolves from Gloom in exposure to a Leaf Stone. Poison Powder and Sleep Powder can be dangerous on this Pokémon. It's a dual-type Grass/Poison Pokémon.
question
Paras (Parasu)
answer
The Mushroom Pokémon. They grow tochukaso mushrooms on their back during life. It is a dual-type Bug/Grass Pokémon.
question
Parasect (Parasekuto)
answer
The Mushroom Pokémon. It evolves from Paras at Level 24. It can be found in the Safari Zone here. It is a dual-type Bug/Grass Pokémon.
question
Venonat (Compoun)
answer
The Insect Pokémon. The small bugs it eats appear at night, so it sleeps in a hole in a tree until night falls. It is a dual-type Bug/Poison Pokémon.
question
Venomoth (Morphon)
answer
The Poison Moth Pokémon. It evolves from Venonat at Level 31. It is nocturnal and eats insects. It is a dual-type Bug/Poison Pokémon.
question
Diglett (Digda)
answer
The Mole Pokémon. It digs underground for sun protection, and only sticks its head out when it isn't bright. It's a Ground-type Pokémon.
question
Dugtrio (Dagutorio)
answer
The Mole Pokémon. It evolves from Diglett at Level 26. It consists of 3 Digletts merged into 1 body. It is a Ground-type Pokémon.
question
Meowth (Nyarth)
answer
The Scratch Cat Pokémon. It can help trainers collect coins using Pay Day. It is a Normal-type Pokemon.
question
Persian (Perushian)
answer
The Classy Cat Pokémon. It evolves from Meowth at Level 28. Giovanni, Team Rocket's leader is known to have a Persian. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Psyduck (Koduck)
answer
The Duck Pokémon. Has psychic abilities when he has a headache. Misty is known to have one. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Golduck (Gorudakku)
answer
The Duck Pokémon. It evolves from Psyduck at Level 33. In Japan, It is often mistaken for Kappa. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Mankey (Manki)
answer
The Pig Monkey Pokémon. It fights for small things and is incredibly fast. It is a Fighting-type Pokémon.
question
Primeape (Okorizaru)
answer
The Pig Monkey Pokémon. It evolves from Mankey at Level 28. It's skilled at any kind of combat, even martial arts. It's a Fighting-type Pokémon.
question
Growlithe (Gardie)
answer
The Puppy Pokémon. It has an appearance of a tiger, but it's very loyal to Trainers. It is a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Arcanine (Windie)
answer
The Legendary Pokémon. It evolves from Growlithe in exposure to a Fire Stone. It's a Chinese dog with the appearance of a tiger. It's well known for speed. It's a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Poliwag (Nyoromo)
answer
The Tadpole Pokémon. You can get a Poliwag by fishing. The swirl depends on its location from the Equator. It's a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Poliwhirl (Nyorozo)
answer
The Tadpole Pokémon. It evolves from Poliwag at Level 25. Its swirl is used for Hypnosis in battle. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Poliwrath (Nyorobon)
answer
The Tadpole Pokémon. It evolves from Poliwhirl exposed to a Water Stone. It's considered a master swimmer and is never tired of it. It's a Dual-type Water/Fighting Pokémon.
question
Abra (Keshii)
answer
The Psi Pokémon. It can identify danger and teleport to safety. It is a Psychic-type Pokémon.
question
Kadabra (Yungera)
answer
The Psi Pokémon. It evolves from Abra at Level 16. It holds a spoon, which amplifies its Psychic powers. It is a Psychic-type Pokémon.
question
Alakazam (Fudin)
answer
The Psi Pokémon. It evolves from Kadabra when traded. It has an IQ that exceeds 5,000. It is also a Psychic-type Pokémon.
question
Machop (Wanriky)
answer
The Superpower Pokémon. Its body is filled with muscles that never cramp or tire out. It is a Fighting-type Pokémon.
question
Machoke (Goriky)
answer
The Superpower Pokémon. It evolves from Machop at Level 28. Machoke is so strong, It even has the look of a wrestler. It is a Fighting-type Pokémon.
question
Machamp (Kairiky)
answer
The Superpower Pokémon. It evolves from Machoke when traded. Its extra arms send thousands of punches in a single minute. It is a Fighting-type Pokémon.
question
Bellsprout (Madatsubomi)
answer
The Flower Pokémon. It shoots corrosive acid which can melt even iron. It is a dual-type Grass/Poison Pokémon.
question
Weepinbell (Utsudon)
answer
The Flycatcher Pokémon. It evolves from Bellsprout at Level 21. It uses a neutralizing fluid to keep it from harm by its stomach acids. It's a dual-type Grass/Poison Pokémon.
question
Victreebell (Utsubot)
answer
The Flycatcher Pokémon. It evolves from Weepinbell in exposure to a Leaf Stone. Its rituals with Leaf Stones make more Victreebel. It's a dual-type Grass/Poison Pokémon.
question
Tentacool (Menokurage)
answer
The Jellyfish Pokémon. Its camouflage is so incredible, it remains undetected until swimmers are stung. It's a dual-type Water/Poison Pokémon.
question
Tentacruel (Dokukurage)
answer
The Jellyfish Pokémon. It evolves from Tentacool at Level 30. It has 80 poisonous tentacles that can stretch and contract in the water. It's a dual-type Water/Poison Pokémon.
question
Geodude (Ishisubute)
answer
The Rock Pokémon. It is popular due to its Sturdy ability, which lets it survive a KO hit. It is a dual-type Rock/Ground Pokémon.
question
Graveler (Golone)
answer
The Rock Pokémon. It evolves from Geodude at Level 25. It becomes dangerous when it rolls down mountains because anything is in their way. It's a dual-type Rock/Ground Pokémon.
question
Golem (Golonya)
answer
The Megaton Pokémon. It evolves from Graveler when traded. When earthquakes occur, it rolls down at high speeds. It's a dual-type Rock/Ground Pokémon.
question
Ponyta (Ponita)
answer
The Fire Horse Pokémon. Be warned: Its hooves are harder than even diamond. It is a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Rapidash (Gallop)
answer
The Fire Horse Pokémon. It evolves from Ponyta at Level 40. Its fires blaze as fast as about 150 mph in less than 10 strides. It is a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Slowpoke (Yadon)
answer
The Dopey Pokémon. It can never think, but it can fish with its tail. It is a dual-type Water/Psychic Pokémon.
question
Slowbro (Yadoran)
answer
The Hermit Crab Pokémon. It evolves from Slowpoke at Level 37. Slowbro feels pain by Shellder, but it can use strong psychic attacks. It's a dual-type Water/Psychic Pokémon.
question
Magnemite (Coil)
answer
The Magnet Pokémon. It is so much of a magnet, that it can be attracted to any electricity. It is a dual-type Electric/Steel Pokémon.
question
Magneton (Rarecoil)
answer
The Magnet Pokémon. It evolves from Magnemite at Level 30. It's composed of 3 Magnemite in 1. It is a dual-type Electric/Steel Pokémon.
question
Farfetch'd (Kamonegi)
answer
The Wild Duck Pokémon. It carries around a green celery where ever it goes. It is a dual-type Normal/Flying Pokémon.
question
Doduo (Dodo)
answer
The Twin Bird Pokémon. It has 2 heads and can race at speeds up to 65 mph. It is a dual-type Normal/Flying Pokémon.
question
Dodrio (Dodrio)
answer
The Triple Bird Pokémon. It evolves from Doduo at Level 31. Its heads represent anger, joy, and sadness. It's a dual-type Normal/Flying Pokémon.
question
Seel (Pawou)
answer
The Sea Lion Pokémon. It has a strong horn that can break through thick ice. It's a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Dewgong (Jugon)
answer
The Sea Lion Pokémon. It evolves from Seel at Level 34. It's often mistaken for a mermaid. It is a dual-type Water/Ice Pokémon.
question
Grimer (Betbeter)
answer
The Sludge Pokémon. It is made of living sludge and can slip through openings with ease. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Muk (Betbeton)
answer
The Sludge Pokémon. It evolves from Grimer at Level 38. It controls toxins and cause no harm unless provoked. It's a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Shellder (Sheruda)
answer
The Bivalve Pokémon. It combines with a Slowpoke to make Slowbro or Slowking. It's a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Cloyster (Parshen)
answer
The Bivalve Pokémon. It evolves from Shellder exposed to a Water Stone. The shell opens in attacks. It is a dual-type Water/Ice Pokémon.
question
Gastly (Ghos)
answer
The Gas Pokémon. Based on the name, 95% of its body is filled with gas, which is poisonous. It is a dual-type Ghost/Poison Pokémon.
question
Haunter (Ghost)
answer
The Gas Pokémon. It evolves from Gastly at Level 25. It lurks in darkness to find prey. It is a dual-type Ghost/Poison Pokémon.
question
Gengar (Gangar)
answer
The Shadow Pokémon. It evolves from Haunter when traded. It hides in shadows and absorb heat. It is a dual-type Ghost/Poison Pokémon.
question
Onix (Iwark)
answer
The Rock Snake Pokémon. It tunnels underground at 50 mph in search of food. It is a dual-type Rock/Ground Pokémon.
question
Drowzee (Sleepe)
answer
The Hypnosis Pokémon. When its nose twitches it is told what the sleeper is dreaming about. It is a Psychic-type Pokémon.
question
Hypno (Sleeper)
answer
The Hypnosis Pokémon. It evolves from Drowzee at Level 26. It can also eat the dreams of its foes. It is a Psychic-type Pokémon.
question
Krabby (Crab)
answer
The River Crab Pokémon. It is an omnivore and scavenger that can rarely hunt for itself. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Kingler (Kingura)
answer
The Pincer Pokémon. It evolves from Krabby at Level 28. The claw is heavy, so it spends most of its time in the water. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Voltorb (Biriridama)
answer
The Ball Pokémon. It zaps people that mistake them for Poke Balls. It's an Electric-type Pokémon.
question
Electrode (Marumine)
answer
The Ball Pokémon. It evolves from Voltorb at Level 30. It can explode at the slightest shock without warning. It is an Electric-type Pokémon.
question
Exeggcute (Tamatama)
answer
The Egg Pokémon. It uses telepathic signals to keep it all in formation. It is a dual-type Grass/Psychic Pokémon.
question
Exeggutor (Nassy)
answer
The Coconut Pokémon. It evolves from Exeggcute exposed to Leaf Stone. It's called the Walking Jungle. It's a dual-type Grass/Psychic Pokémon.
question
Cubone (Karakara)
answer
The Lonely Pokémon. It normally cries through the death of its mother. It's a Ground-type Pokémon.
question
Marowak (Garagara)
answer
The Bone Keeper Pokémon. It evolves from Cubone at Level 28. It can use Bone Club and Bonemerang. It's a Ground-type Pokémon.
question
Hitmonlee (Sawamular)
answer
The Kicking Pokémon. It evolves from Tyrogue with high attack. It normally competes in the P1 Grand Prix. It's a Fighting-type Pokémon.
question
Hitmonchan (Ebiwalar)
answer
The Punching Pokémon. It evolves from Tyrogue with high defense. It normally competes in the p1 Grand Prix. It's a Fighting-type Pokémon.
question
Lickitung (Beroringa)
answer
The Licking Pokémon. It tongue is twice the length of its entire body. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Koffing (Dogars)
answer
The Poison Gas Pokémon. Its gas can be ignited by fire or electricity. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Weezing (Matadogas)
answer
The Poison Gas Pokémon. It evolves from Koffing at Level 35. Triplet Weezing are very rare. It is a Poison-type Pokémon.
question
Rhyhorn (Sihorn)
answer
The Spikes Pokémon. It is easy to dodge because it only charges in 1 direction. It is a dual-type Rock/Ground Pokémon.
question
Rhydon (Sidon)
answer
The Drill Pokémon. It evolves from Rhyhorn at Level 42. Its brain is developed but it can be forgetful. It's a dual-type Rock/Ground Pokémon.
question
Chansey (Lucky)
answer
The Egg Pokémon. It lays eggs and shares them to the injured. It's a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Tangela (Monjara)
answer
The Vine Pokémon. It vines jiggle and sway to unnerve enemies. It's often mistaken for a shrub. It is a Grass-type Pokémon.
question
Kangaskhan (Garura)
answer
The Parent Pokémon. It has the looks of a Kangaroo from Australia, esspecially the joey. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Horsea (Tattu)
answer
The Dragon Pokémon. It can spray water and black ink at attackers. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Seadra (Seadra)
answer
The Dragon Pokémon. It evolves from Horsea at Level 32. Be warned: The venom of a Seadra is toxic. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Goldeen (Tosakinto)
answer
The Goldfish Pokémon. Its horn can smash its way to any freedom. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Seaking (Azumao)
answer
The Goldfish Pokémon. It evolves from Goldeen at Level 33. They can defend nests for months. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Staryu (Hitodeman)
answer
The Star Shape Pokémon. If Staryu becomes weak, its core faints and flashes slowly. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Starmie (Starmie)
answer
The Mysterious Pokémon. It evolves from Staryu exposed to a Water Stone. Its second set of arms can spin 360 degrees. It is a dual-type Water/Psychic Pokémon.
question
Mr. Mime (Barrierd)
answer
The Barrier Pokémon. It can make barriers by acting like a mime (hence the name) with is hands. It is a dual-type Psychic/Fairy Pokémon.
question
Scyther (Strike)
answer
The Mantis Pokémon. It can form large groups in the wild. It is a dual-type Bug/Flying Pokémon.
question
Jynx (Rougela)
answer
The Human Shape Pokémon. It sounds a lot like man, but what it says has yet to be deciphered. It is a dual-type Ice/Psychic Pokémon.
question
Electabuzz (Eleboo)
answer
The Electric Pokémon. It typically resides around power plants. It is an Electric-type Pokémon.
question
Magmar (Boober)
answer
The Spitfire Pokémon. Magmar is so hot, its body temperature racks up to 2,200°F. It is a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Pinsir (Kailios)
answer
The Stag Beetle Pokémon. It uses its horns to hunt prey and collect tree sap. It is a Bug-type Pokémon.
question
Tauros (Kentauros)
answer
The Wild Bull Pokémon. It is all male and can usually go on wild rampages. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Magikarp (Koiking)
answer
The Fish Pokémon. It often uses Splash, which does no effect on land, but makes them easy targets. It is a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Gyarados (Gyarados)
answer
The Atrocious Pokémon. It evolves from Magikarp at Level 20. It is infamously attracted to violence. It is a dual-type Water/Flying Pokémon.
question
Lapras (Laplace)
answer
The Transport Pokémon. It can ferry people across any body of water. It is a dual-type Water/Ice Pokémon.
question
Ditto (Metamon)
answer
The Transform Pokémon. It can change into Pokémon through appearance, even on the face. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Eevee (Eievui)
answer
The Evolution Pokémon. It can evolve into different forms depending on where it lives. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Vaporeon (Showers)
answer
The Bubble Jet Pokémon. It evolves from Eevee exposed to a Water Stone. This Pokémon is mistaken for a Mermaid. It's a Water-type Pokémon.
question
Jolteon (Thunders)
answer
The Lightning Pokémon. It evolves from Eevee exposed to a Thunder Stone. It can create 10,000 volt jolts. It is an Electric-type Pokémon.
question
Flareon (Booster)
answer
The Flame Pokémon. It evolves from Eevee exposed to a Fire Stone. Its body temperature can reach 1650°F. It is a Fire-type Pokémon.
question
Porygon (Porigon)
answer
The Virtual Pokémon. It is man-made and filled with programming codes. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Omanyte (Omnite)
answer
The Spiral Pokémon. It had gone extinct, but can be revived by Helix Fossils. It is a dual-type Rock/Water Pokémon.
question
Omastar (Omstar)
answer
The Spiral Pokémon. It evolves from Omanyte at Level 40. It went extinct because its shell couldn't help it catch prey. It is a dual-type Rock/Water Pokémon.
question
Kabuto (Kabuto)
answer
The Shellfish Pokémon. It had gone extinct, but can be revived by Dome Fossils. It is a dual-type Rock/Water Pokémon.
question
Kabutops (Katubopusu)
answer
The Shellfish Pokémon. It evolves from Kabuto at Level 40. It went extinct, but adapted to land. It's a dual-type Rock/Water Pokémon.
question
Aerodactyl (Putera)
answer
The Fossil Pokémon. It was an extinct carnivore, but it can be revived with an Old Amber fossil. It's a dual-type Rock/Flying Pokémon.
question
Snorlax (Kabigon)
answer
The Sleeping Pokémon. It is the heaviest Pokémon in Kanto, weighing 1,014.1lbs. It is a Normal-type Pokémon.
question
Articuno (Furiza)
answer
The Freeze Pokémon. It helps people stay safe throughout the winter. It is a dual-type Ice/Flying Pokémon.
question
Zapdos (Sanda)
answer
The Electric Pokémon. It is thought that it lives in thunderclouds. It's a dual-type Electric/Flying Pokémon.
question
Moltres (Faiya)
answer
The Flame Pokémon. Its appearance was meant to make an early spring. It is a dual-type Fire/Flying Pokémon.
question
Dratini (Miniryu)
answer
The Dragon Pokémon. It sheds its skin as it grows. It is a Dragon-type Pokémon.
question
Dragonair (Hakuryu)
answer
The Dragon Pokémon. It evolves from Dratini at Level 30. Its energy discharges from jewels changing weather. It's a Dragon-type Pokémon.
question
Dragonite (Kairyu)
answer
The Dragon Pokémon. It evolves from Dragonair at Level 55. It has the same intelligence as humans do. It is a dual-type Dragon/Flying Pokémon.
question
Mewtwo (Myutsu)
answer
The Genetic Pokémon. It was cloned from Mew's DNA and genes and also appears in Smash Bros. It is a Psychic-type Pokémon.
question
Mew (Myu)
answer
The New Species Pokémon. It is known to be an ancestor of all Pokémon sharing every move. It is a Psychic-type Pokémon.
AP Biology
Biology
Central And South America
Demography Is The Study Of
Evolution
Mastering Biology Assignment 7 – Flashcards 29 terms

Patsy Brent
29 terms
Preview
Mastering Biology Assignment 7 – Flashcards
question
Which of the following statements about human evolution is correct? a. The upright posture and enlarged brain of humans evolved simultaneously b. Human evolution has occurred within an unbranched lineage c. Human ancestors were virtually identical to extant chimpanzees d. Modern humans are the only species to have evolved on earth e. Fossil evidence indicates that early anthropoids were arboreal and catsized
answer
E
question
Which is a genus that has only one extant species? a. primates b. hominoids c. hominins d. anthropoids e. homo
answer
E
question
Which of the following are considered hominoids? a. monkeys b. lemurs c. tarsiers d. lorises e. orangutans
answer
E
question
Which of these traits is most strongly associated with the adoption of bipedalism? a. fingerprints b. enhanced depth perception c. opposable big toe d. repositioning of foramen magnum e. shortened hindlimbs
answer
d
question
Which of these hominin traits seems to have occurred before the others? a. increased brain size b. symbolic thought c. tool use d. language e. bipedalism
answer
e
question
Humans are: a. Australopithecus b. homo erectus c. ardipithecus d.homo sapiens e. homo habilis
answer
d
question
Which of these species demonstrates symbolic thought, art, and full-blown language? a. H. habilis b. H. heidelbergensis c. H. sapiens d. H. ergaster e. H. erectus
answer
c
question
Which of the following statements is correct in regard to Homo Erectus? a. their fossils are not limited to Africa b. H. erectus was not known to use tools c. H. erectus evolved before H. habilis d. On average, H. Erectus had a smaller brain than H. Habilis e. H. erectus had a level of sexual dimorphism less than that of modern humans
answer
a
question
As humans diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first? a. making stone tools b. an enlarged brain c. the development of technology d. bipedal locomotion e. language
answer
d
question
Which of these species was the first to have some members migrate out of Africa? a. H. erectus b. H. ergaster c. H. sapiens d. H. heidelbergensis e. H. habilis
answer
a
question
Which term is most nearly synonymous with apes? a. hominoids b. homo c. anthropoids d. hominins e. primates
answer
a
question
Arrange the following taxonomic terms from most inclusive to least inclusive: 1. hominoids 2. hominins 3. Homo 4. anthropoids 5. primates
answer
5, 4, 1, 2, 3
question
This is a gene linked to the development of speech in hominids a. Hox b. Dlx c. Otx d. FOXP2 e. more than one of these
answer
d
question
Which of these species was the first to craft stone tools? a. H. erectus b. H. ergaster c. H. heidelbergensis d. H. sapiens e. H. habilis
answer
e
question
Which of these is a trend in hominin evolution? a. well-developed claws for clinging to trees b. a shoulder joint increasingly adapted to brachiation c. increased ability to switch back and forth between bipedalism and quadrupedalism d. increased brain to body ratio e. a shortened period of parental care of offspring
answer
d
question
How are primates different from all other mammals? a. opposable thumbs in many species b. arboreal lifestyles c. ability to produce milk d. placental embryonic development e. hairy bodies
answer
a
question
Which of these primate groups is most closely related to humans? a. apes b. old world monkeys c. lorises d. prosimians e. new world monkeys
answer
a
question
_________ are the oldest known primate group a. apes b. prosimians c. anthropoids d. hominids e. monkeys
answer
b
question
The primates that spend the most time walking upright are: a. apes b. prosimians c. new world monkeys d. hominids e. old world monkeys
answer
d
question
Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree-dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length? a. monkeys b. hominids c. prosimians d. primates e. apes
answer
a
question
Which of these primate groups lives in trees in central and South America and have nostrils that are wide open and far apart? a. hominids b. apes c. new world monkeys d. anthropoids e. old world monkeys
answer
c
question
The most common kind of dispersion in nature is a. uniform b. clumped c. indeterminate d. random e. dispersive
answer
b
question
A table listing items such as age, observed number of organisms alive each year, and life expectancy is known as a(n): a. mortality table b. life table c. survivorship table d. insurance table e. rate table
answer
b
question
Demography is the study of: a. life expectancy of individuals within a population b. reproductive rates of a population during a given year c. death and emigration rates of a population at any moment in time d. the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time e. the survival patterns of a population
answer
d
question
Which of the following groups would be most likely to exhibit uniform dispersion? a. red squirrels, who actively defend territories b. cattails, which grow primarily at edges of lakes and streams c. dwarf mistletoes, which parasite particular species of forest tree d. moths in a city at night e. lake trout, which seek out deep water
answer
a
question
Life tables are most useful in determining which of the following? a. the fate of a cohort of newborn organisms throughout their lives b. carrying capacity c. immigration and emigration rates d. population dispersion patterns e. reproductive rates
answer
a
question
Which of the following describes having ore than one reproductive episode during a lifetime? a. allee effect b. iteroparous c. cohort d. dispersion e. semelparous
answer
b
question
Uniform spacing patterns in plants such as the creosote bush are most often associated with: a. chance b. the concentration of nutrients within the population's range c. competitive interactions among individuals in the population d. patterns of high humidity e. the random distribution of seeds
answer
c
question
Pacific salmon and annual plants are excellent examples of: a. dispersion b. iteroparous reproduction c. semelparous reproduction d. cohort disintegration e. allee effect
answer
c
Biology
Evolution
Humans
Hutton And Lyell
Natural Selection
Survival Of The Fittest
The Environment
Chapter 15 Darwin’s theory of evolution Vocabulary review crossword puzzle – Flashcards 15 terms

Stephen Sanchez
15 terms
Preview
Chapter 15 Darwin’s theory of evolution Vocabulary review crossword puzzle – Flashcards
question
Lamarck
answer
scientist whose ideas about evolution and adaptation influenced Darwin
question
Lyell and Hutter
answer
geologist who influenced Darwin
question
Adaptation
answer
inherited characteristic that increased an organism's chance of survival
question
H.M.S Beagle
answer
ship on which Darwin traveled
question
Artificial
answer
type of selection in which humans select the variation
question
Galapagos islands
answer
Islands where Darwin observed variation in tortoise
question
Fitness
answer
ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
question
Evolution
answer
change over time
question
Natural Selection
answer
type of selection Darwin referred to as survival of the fittest
question
Homologous
answer
structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues
question
Theory
answer
explanation of natural events that is supported by evidence and can be tested with new evidence
question
Wallace
answer
scientist whose ideas about evolution were the same as Darwin's
question
Malthus
answer
economist whose ideas about human population influenced Darwin
question
Fossil
answer
remains of ancient life
question
vestigial
answer
homologous structure that is greatly reduced in size
Central America
Evolution
Microbio – PostMidterm A SGU 2013 – Flashcards 72 terms

Sarah Adrian
72 terms
Preview
Microbio – PostMidterm A SGU 2013 – Flashcards
question
HIV 1 and HIV 2 probably came from what animals ? |
answer
HIV-1 from chimpanzees HIV-2 from sooty mangabey |
question
What subtype of HIV-1 is in USA ? |
answer
Subtype B |
question
What is the first pathogenic human retrovirus ? |
answer
Human T-cell leukemia virus |
question
What sub-family do HIV-1 and HIV-2 belong in ? |
answer
Lentivirinae |
question
Reverse transcriptase is what ? |
answer
RNA dependent DNA polymerase Converts ss HIV RNA to ds HIV DNA |
question
GP120 and GP41 make up ? |
answer
GP160 |
question
What enzyme helps HIV insert its DNA into host cell's DNA ? |
answer
HIV integrase |
question
What does HIV need to bind CD4 and co-receptors, allowing them to move on and infect other cells ? |
answer
HIV glycoproteins |
question
2 reasons HIV is hard to stop ? |
answer
1) Reverse transcriptase has low fidelity so can make a lot of errors, and HIV keeps evlovling 2) Heterodimers increase variability of HIV genomes so cell can be co-infected by more than 1 HIV protein |
question
HIV enters the body via what cells ? |
answer
Infected macrophages |
question
HIV encephalopathy is due to ? |
answer
Synctial fusion of HIV-infected macrophages and macroglia |
question
HIV therapy starts when CD4 + cells fall below ? |
answer
350 cells / ul |
question
Seroconversion means what ? |
answer
When you can detect antibodies |
question
What is window period for HIV ? |
answer
Negative HIV test (primary infection to seroconversion) Viral load very high, increase high transmission risk |
question
Final stage of HIV infection ? |
answer
AIDS |
question
Progression of AIDS ? |
answer
A S L L O 1) Acute infection 2) Strong anti-HIV immune defense 3) Latent resorvior 4) Loss of CD4+ cells and loss of immune response 5) Onset of AIDS |
question
What bacteria causes bacterial pneumonia in AIDS pts ? |
answer
Strep Pneumoniae |
question
AIDS pts can get Mycobacterium Avium Complex under what circumstances ? |
answer
Advanced HIV infection and a CD4 lymphocyte count < 50 MAC presents as night sweats, weight loss, abdominal pain, anemia, etc... |
question
What is leading cause of death for those living with AIDS ? |
answer
TB |
question
Infections associated with AIDS ? |
answer
Bacterial Pneumonia MAC TB Salmoneliosis Bacillary Angiomatosis Viral Hepatitis (Hep B and Hep C) CMV HHV-1, HHV-2 HPV Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) - caused by JC virus A lot of other infections |
question
PML is a serious brain infection in AIDS pts. caused by what ? |
answer
JC virus |
question
Cryptosporidium Parvum becomes self-limiting in individuals with CD4 counts greater than ? |
answer
200 |
question
Most common microorganism that causes infectious pharyngitis ? |
answer
Strep. Pyogenes |
question
Lower Resp. tract (37 degrees celsius) has no normal flora why ? |
answer
It is usually sterile Particles should be less than 5 microns to get through. Nonciliated epithelium IgG and IgA |
question
What droplet tends to remain suspended in the air the longest and can cause infection ? |
answer
Dried droplet nuclei |
question
Another name for professional invader in a respiratory infection ? |
answer
Frank pathogen |
question
3 Diseases of lower respiratory tract infections ? |
answer
Bronchitis Bronchiolitis Pneumonias |
question
Bordet-Gengou growth media can culture what organism ? |
answer
Bordetella Pertussis |
question
Tinsdale Agar can culture what organism ? |
answer
C. Diptheriae |
question
T or F : Some resp. viruses do not exert their main pathology in resp. tract ? |
answer
True They are transported by respiratory droplets |
question
Influenza virus has what type of nucleic acid ? |
answer
Segmented RNA |
question
Adenoviruses have what type of nucleic acid ? |
answer
Linear ds DNA (Class 1) |
question
Some adenoviral components that interfere with host immune response ? |
answer
E1A E1B E3 E4 VA RNAs |
question
Adenovirus Pathogenesis ? |
answer
Fiber protein : enables attachment to host cell receptor Receptor varies with viral serotype Penton base has toxic activity (inhibition of cellular mRNA synthesis, cell rounding, tissue damage) |
question
What virus causes phayngitis and conjunctivitis ? |
answer
Adenovirus |
question
Antigenic drift allows rhinoviruses to have ? |
answer
High number of viral serotypes |
question
What virus can cause common cold and SARS ? |
answer
Coronaviruses ss (+) RNA enveloped helical nucleocapsid have "spike" proteins or peplomers Transmission mostly via droplets, fecal/oral also possible Replicate in ** ciliated nasal epithelium ** |
question
Etiologic agent for SARS ? |
answer
New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) |
question
What viruses cause laryngotrachobronchitis and bronchitis ? |
answer
HPIV (Human Parainfluenza viruses) Family is Paramyxoviridae Divided into 2 sub-famalies Enveloped Glycoprotein with HN (Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase) activity Fusion Factor (F) protein involved in viral entry, and against which antibodies can neutralize virus |
question
Which HPIV virus causes Croup (or laryngotrachobronchitis) ? |
answer
HPIV-1 |
question
Paramyoxovirinae subfamily of viruses evades immune response how ? |
answer
Via V proteins (fusion proteins) Which prevent apoptosis, prevent interferon synthesis, etc... |
question
RSV belongs to what virus subfamily ? |
answer
Pneumovirinae |
question
Pathogenesis of RSV ? |
answer
1) Entry is via epithelia nose and eye 2) F & G proteins mediate attachment ; F mediates membrane fusion 3) Primary site of replication is nasopharyngeal epithelium Direct CPE is loss of function |
question
Do not give what as trt of RSV ? |
answer
Heat-killed vaccine, b/c it enhances RSV disease...may due to CD8 T cells (immunopathology) |
question
Based on symptoms, how to differentiate b/w cold and flu ? |
answer
Flu has fever, headache, vomiting/diarrhea, and severe malaise |
question
3 types of influenza virus ? |
answer
A (found in birds like ducks, only one classified by HN system, can cause epidemic and pandemic) B (also in seals, two lineages: Victoria-like and Yamagata-like) C (no epidemic or pandemic) |
question
Influenza / flu is a zoonotic disease ? |
answer
Yes |
question
Antigenic Shift and Influenza ? |
answer
Is a sudden rearrangement of 8 genetic subunits of influenza virus, usually due to co-infection of two diff. influenza A strains. Only affects influenza A |
question
How do the following Anti-Flu drugs work ? |
answer
Amantadine and Rimantadine - Inhibit uncoating of Influenza A only Target M2 protein Zanamivir and Oseltamvir (Tamiflu) - Inhibit neuraminidase by blocking its release, only works on influenza A and B |
question
What does not work against flu / influenza ? |
answer
Post-exposure trt Excessive use of antimicrobials builds up drug-resistance |
question
How to distinguish Strep. Pyogenes from all other Beta-hemolytic streptococci ? |
answer
Strep. Pyogenes is Bacitracin sensitive |
question
How to distinguish Strep. Pneumoniae from all other alpah-hemolytic Strep such as Strep. Viridans ? |
answer
Strep. Pneumoniae is optochin sensitive |
question
Pneumolysin is one of the virulence factors of what bacteria ? |
answer
Strep. Pneumoniae Is a pore-former inhibits ciliated epithelial activity decreases PMN effectiveness etc... |
question
What test is used for determining toxicity of Cornyebacterium Diptheriae ? |
answer
Elek test Lines of precipitin on plate indicates toxigenic |
question
How is diptheria exotoxin produced ? |
answer
Via lysogenic bacteriophage conversion |
question
What bacteria most common cause of epiglottitis ? |
answer
Hemophilus influenzae (is a Gram - rod) **Does not cause influenza** |
question
Pathogenesis of H. Influenzae ? |
answer
Pili Non-pilus adhesins LPS PRP (Poplyribose Ribitol Phosphate) - antiphagocytic capsule made of this |
question
Culture of H. Influenzae requires what ? |
answer
Chocolate agar with X factor (hemin) and V factor (NAD) |
question
What bacteria causes whooping cough (chronic bronchitis) ? |
answer
BOrdetella Pertussis |
question
Why not use cotton swab or throat swab to culture Bordetella Pertussis ? |
answer
B/c the bacteria is very susceptible to drying But can culture with nasopharyngeal swab or secretions |
question
Characteristics of Klebsiella Pneumoniae ? |
answer
Non-spore forming Gram - rod (bacillus) **Necrotizing Pneumonia** Bronchopneumonia, lung abscesses Two iron uptake systems: aerobactin and enterochelin (are siderophores) "Red currant jelly" sputum |
question
Characteristics of Legionella Pneumophila ? |
answer
Causes Legionnaire's disease (pneumonia) and Pontiac fever (self-limiting) Gram - rod, motile, non-spore forming 80% of infections due to serogroup 1 Cannot gram stain b/c bacteria does not take up the counter stain Detect via serology for agglutination or fluorescent antibodies, or with ELISA |
question
What bacteria is a Gram - rod, non-hemolytic, ** smells like grapes ** , is found in fresh water and sea water, stains green on media due to pyocyanin and fluorescein pigments, whose most common infection is otitis externa (swimmer's ear), and is dangerous for people who are burn victims or have cystic fibrosis ? |
answer
Pseudomonas |
question
What two bacteria can cause necrotizing pneumonia ? |
answer
Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas |
question
Two methods to culture M. tuberculosis ? |
answer
Lowenstein-Jensen agar Oleic acid - albumin broth |
question
What is a positive result for TB on Tuberculin test ? |
answer
Induration > 10 mm diameter |
question
Two ways to prevent TB ? |
answer
Prophylactic antimycotics BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccine - attenuated M. bovis strain |
question
Know TB first line and second line trts and TB Drug Resistance categories |
answer
question
Two clinically significant varieties of Histoplasma Capsulatum (causes Histoplasmosis) ? |
answer
H. capsulatum var capsulatum H. capsulatum var duboisii |
question
Most virulent of all human mycotic pathogens ? |
answer
Coccidioides species |
question
Most common fungal infection seen in AIDS patients ? |
answer
Cryptococcosis |
question
Two forms of Aspergillosis ? |
answer
1) Allergic 2) Invasive: hyphae invade tissue Gan get "fungal ball" (Aspergilloma) Can get acute pneumonia in severly immunocompromised persons (neutropenia) |
Alkanes
Compounds
Evolution
Reactions
Organic Chemistry (Reactions) – Flashcards 151 terms

Ruth Jones
151 terms
Preview
Organic Chemistry (Reactions) – Flashcards
question
Free Radical Halogenation
answer
question
What free radical is most is likely to be formed from bromination?
answer
A tertiary radical (Most stable)
question
Combustion
answer
question
Pyrolysis (Cracking)
answer
question
What are nucleophiles?
answer
Electron-rich species that are attracted to a positively polarized atom (i.e. a carbonyl carbon)
question
What is a better nucleophile I or F?
answer
Flourine
question
What is a better leaving group I or F?
answer
Iodine
question
Sn1 Reaction
answer
question
What doesn't a nucleophile play a role in the rate of an Sn1 reaction?
answer
It is not involved in the rate-determining step...the formation of the carbocation.
question
What factors will help carbocation formation and therefore increase the rate of an Sn1 reaction?
answer
1. Highly substituted carbons. 2. Polar solvents (Surround and isolate the carbocation) 3. Good leaving groups (Weak bases)
question
Sn2 Reaction

answer
question
Why is a Sn2 reaction bimolecular?
answer
Its rate-determining step is dependent on TWO species; both the substrate and the nucleophile.
question
What are the best conditions for an Sn2 reaction?
answer
You must have a strong nucleophile for the backside attack (thats what she said) with no steric hindrance.
question
With respect to optical activity, what do your end products of Sn1 and Sn2 reactions become?
answer
Sn1 = racemic mixture (nucleophile can attack from either the top or the bottom of the planar carbocation), therefore loss of optical activity. Sn2 = inversion of configuration and remains optically active.
question
What role does tosylate usually play in reactions?
answer
It usually acts as a good leaving group and a good protecting group.
question
Catalytic Hydrogenation

answer
question
Addition of HX to an alkene
answer
question
Addition of X2 to alkene
answer
question
Addition of H2O to alkene
answer
question
Free Radical Addtion to alkene
answer
question
Hydroboration
answer
question
Oxidation with KMnO4 (Cold)
answer
question
Oxidation with KMnO4 (Hot)
answer
question
Ozonolysis
answer
question
Ozonolysis with Reduction
answer
question
Peroxycarboxylic acids

answer
question
What do you use to add to polymers?
answer
question
Whats another word for ethyne?
answer
acetylene
question
Synthesis of Alkyne starting from dihalide
answer
question
Synthesis of Alkyne using acytelide ion
answer
question
Alkyne Reduction
answer
question
Alkyne Reduction by free radical
answer
question
Oxidation of Alkyne by KMnO4
answer
question
Ozonolysis of Alkyne
answer
question
Hydroboration of Alkyne
answer
question
Key reaction mechanisms for Alcohols and Ethers

answer
question
Reduction to make Alcohol
answer
question
Phenol Synthesis
answer
question
Alcohol dehydration (elimination)
answer
question
How do you make OH- a good leaving group for Sn1 and Sn2 reactions?
answer
For Sn1 you can protonate it and make water the leaving group. For Sn2 you can convert it to tosylate which is also a good leaving group.
question
How do you convert an alcohol into an alkyl halide with an ester as an intermediate?
answer
question
What does PCC(pyridinium chlorochromate) do?
answer
question
What is jones reagent and what does it do?
answer
it is CrO₃, H₂SO₄ in acetone and it oxidizes primary alcohols to carboxylic acids (STRONG!)
question
Do ethers boil at high or low temperatures?
answer
Low...no H-bonding.
question
William Ether Synthesis
answer
question
How to Cleave an Ether!

answer
question
How can we go from Epoxide to Alcohol?
answer
question
How can you get ketones or aldehydes?
answer
Oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols. Or ozonolysis of alkenes.
question
What happens between Ketones and Enols?
answer
question
Basic attack of Nu on Carbonyl Carbon.

answer
question
How do you get an acetal or ketal?
answer
When an aldehyde or ketone reacts with two equivalents of alcohol. A hemiketal or hemiacetal you get from one equivalent of alcohol.
question
What is a cyanohydrin?
answer
When al and ke react with HCN.
question
Ammonia leading to condensation...

answer
question
Aldol Condensation
answer
question
What is a wittig reaction and what is its goal?
answer
The goal is to make CARBON-CARBON double bonds by converting aldehydes and ketones into alkenes.
question
What oxidizes an aldehyde and what do you get?
answer
KMnO₄, CrO₃, Ag₂O, H₂O₂ and you get a carboxylic acid.
question
What reduces aldehydes and ketones?
answer
LAH or NaBH₄
question
What are the reagents for Wolff-Kishner Reduction of al and ke?
answer
H₂NNH₂, then a base and heat.
question
What are the reagents for Clemmensen Reduction?
answer
Hg(Zn) and HCl
question
Why are carboxylic acids that much more acidic?
answer
Resonance stabilization of between the alcoholic oxygen and the carbonyl oxygen.
question
Electron withdrawing vs donating...what do each do to a negative charge and acidity?
answer
Withdrawing delocalize/stabillize the negative charge (spread it over the molecule) which increase acidity. Donating do the opposite.
question
What is significant about the α hydrogens on a β-dicarboxylic acid?
answer
They are very acidic due to stabalization!
question
Only primary alcohols can be oxidized to carboxylic acids. T/F?
answer
True!
question
How is carbonation of an orgmet reagent achieved?
answer
question
Is there a way to convert primary and secondary alkyl halides into carboxylic acids? Sure!!
answer
nitrile formation followed by acid or base catalyzed hydrolysis.
question
How do you form an ester with a carboxylic acid?
answer
Addition of a primary alcohol under ACIDIC conditions.
question
Acyl Halide from CarbAcid
answer
question
When might decarboxylation occur?
answer
When carboxylic acids are heated, they may spontaneously loose a CO₂
question
What is the order of reactivity for carboxylic acid derivatives?
answer
Acyl halide > anhydrides > esters > amides
question
How do you get an acyl halide from a carboxylic acid?
answer
SOCl₂
question
Friedel Crafts Acylation

answer
Aromatic ring acylated through electrophillic aromatic substitution.
question
Reduction of acyl halide?
answer
H₂ Pd/BaSO₄ Quinoline
question
What does acetic anydride look like?
answer
question
How can one make an anhydride?
answer
React a carboxylic acid with a carboxylate salt or heat! to stabilize the carboxylic acid.
question
The conversion of a carboxylic acid into ANYTHING depends on what?
answer
The nucleophile!!
question
When carbonyl's are attacked by hydrolysis, what does the nucleophile look like in acidic vs basic conditions?
answer
Acidic: H₂O is attacking Basic: OH- is attacking In acidic conditions the carbonyl oxygen is protonated.
question
How can you think of Lithium Aluminum Hydride?
answer
It is like an H- nucleophile.
question
Can nitrogen containing compounds form hydrogen bonds?
answer
Yes, but the are not as strong as the hydrogen bond between H and oxygen! (Therefore lower boiling point).
question
Can nitrogen-containing compounds be optically active?
answer
Usually not because of nitrogen inversion but sometimes they can be isolated if the structure hinders inversion.
question
How what is Gabriel Synthesis for?

answer
Gabriel drank ammonia! OH NO!
question
Amine from Nitro compound
answer
question
Amine from a Nitrile/Cyanide
answer
question
Amine from an Amide
answer
question
Amine from an Imine
answer
question
Hofmann elimination (not to be confused with hofmann rearrangement)/Exhaustive Methylation
answer
question
What is hofmann rearrangement?
answer
An amide to a primary amine (Pg 389)
question
What is a wash?
answer
When you are using the extraction to remove impurities rather than separate out the desired product.
question
Gravity filtration vs vacuum filtration
answer
Gravity filtration is used for when the desired product is in solution (usually hot) where as vacuum filtration has the desired product being a solid.
question
Why is temperature important in recrystallization?
answer
The product needs to be soluble in high temps and insoluble in lower temperatures. IMPURITIES need to be soluble at all temperatures so that they stay in solution.
question
When would distillation be favored over a separatory funnel?
answer
When two liquids are miscible, the separatory funnel cannot be used therefore distillation is more ideal.
question
When is vacuum filtration used?
answer
ABOVE 150 C BOILING POINTS! Vacuum will lower the pressure of the apparatus to ensure that the liquids do not decompensate under the extreme temperatures.
question
Fractional distillation
answer
Repeated distillations on inert objects like glass beads that help separate two liquids with boiling points less than 25 C apart.
question
Thin-Layer Chromatography

answer
Silica gel is polar!!
question
Column Chromatography
answer
Ion Exchange Chromatography Size-Exclusion Chromatography Affinity Chromatography
question
In gas chromatography what is the eluant and what is the stationary phase?
answer
The eluant or mobile phase is a gas (He or N) and the stationary phase is the temperature-regulated column. Retention time: How long it took for each compound to travel through the column.
question
How does isoelectric focusing work?
answer
All proteins have an isoelectric point (no charge). When the molecule reaches the field that is equal to its isoelectric point, it will stop moving!
question
How do Agrose gel and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis separate molecules?
answer
Based on SIZE
question
What is the purpose of Infrared (IR) spectroscopy?
answer
Certain bonds absorb infrared light at different frequencies and this can then be measured through what is absorbed vs what is transmitted. Used for FUNCTIONAL GROUP identification.
question
IR Absorption Peaks
answer
question
NMR
answer
question
The difference between oligo and polysaccharide?
answer
Oligo is short poly is long.
question
Where do you start numbering a carbohydrate?
answer
On the carbonyl end.
question
What are epimers?
answer
Diastereomers that differ in the configuration of ONE carbon.
question
Fischer to Haworth projection.
answer
question
What are anomers?
answer
They differ only in the newly formed chiral carbon (after ring formation). Can be α vs β. Glucose the α anomer is trans and the β anomer is cis (both pointing up!)
question
Monosaccharide ester formation

answer
All hydroxyl groups will be esterified!
question
What happens in a Tollens' Test?
answer
Testing for the presence of a reducing sugar. Aldoses and ketose can be oxidized to carboxylic acids and therefore reduce Ag+ in the Tollens' test to metallic silver (Ag+ to Ag)
question
What happens in a Benedict's test?
answer
Testing for the presence of a reducing sugar. Aldoses and ketose can be oxidized to carboxylic acids and therefore producing Cu₂O (red) from benedict's reagent (started with Cu(OH)₂
question
How do you get glycosides from your hemiacetal monosaccharide?
answer
Alcohol in the presence of ACID!!
question
How do you get a disaccharide?
answer
From the same reaction that gave us the glycoside! Its just that now the alcohol is.....ANOTHER MONOSACCHARIDE! YAY!
question
What kind of bond does Cellulose have vs Starch and glycogen?
answer
BETA 1, 4 vs the ALPHA of starch and glycogen (some α 1,6 in there too!)
question
Basic structure of an Amino Acid
answer
question
What is the only amino acid that is NOT CHIRAL?

answer
Glycine
question
Naturally-occuring amino acids are L-enantiomers. T/F? Fischer projection?
answer
True!! Fischer projections of amino acids have amino group to the left!
question
What is a zwitterion and how does an amino acid look as such?
answer
They are dipolar ions where each half neutralizes the other.
question
Amino acids are amphoteric. Why?
answer
They can act as an acid or a base. They have at least two dissociation constants (from H's on the n and c terminus)
question
When does an amino acid take on the zwitterion form?
answer
At the isoelectric point or isoelectric pH between pKa₁ and pKa₂
question
Titration of Amino Acids (Glycine)
answer
question
What looses an H first in basic titration, the amino or carboxyl group?
answer
The carboxyl group duh!
question
Things to know about titration of amino acids...
answer
1.Buffering capacity is greatest at the Ka's 2. Two moles of base need to be added in order to deprotonate one mole of most a.a. 3. When adding base, the carboxyl group looses the H first. 4. Titrations can be done in reverse starting with a basic solution and adding acid.
question
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
answer
question
Alanine

answer
question
Valine

answer
question
Leucine
answer
question
Isoleucine
answer
question
Methionine
answer
question
Proline

answer
question
Phenylalanine
answer
question
Glycine
answer
question
Tryptophan
answer
question
Serine

answer
question
Threonine
answer
question
Cysteine
answer
question
Tyrosine

answer
question
Asparagine
answer
question
Glutamine
answer
question
Aspartic Acid
answer
question
Aspartate Salt

answer
question
Glutamic Acid
answer
question
Glutamate Salt
answer
question
Arginine
answer
question
Lysine
answer
question
Histidine
answer
question
How many moles of acid are needed to neutralize 1 mole of a basic amino acid?
answer
3 moles because of the extra R amino group.
question
What is an amino acid called after it becomes a part of a peptide?
answer
A residue.
question
Why is rotation of the peptide bond limited?
answer
There is resonance about the C-N bond giving it some double bond character.
question
What level of structure is guided by hydrogen bonds for proteins?
answer
Secondary structure resulting in α-helix and β-pleated sheets.
question
What level of structure determines whether you have collagen or myoglobin?
answer
Tertiary structure in that at this level you have the determination of fibrous vs globular proteins.
question
What is a conjugated protein?
answer
One that gets part of their function from a prosthetic group.
question
What is zaitsev's rule?
answer
When producing alkenes (usually from elimination reactions) there will be a major and minor product, the major one being the more subsituted and stable form.
question
What is a Diels-Alder Reaction?
answer
...
Anthropology
Biological Anthropology
Evolution
Many Years Ago
Modern Homo Sapiens
Size And Shape
Anthrop 2200 online final osu 128 terms

Sonia Kelly
128 terms
Preview
Anthrop 2200 online final osu
question
Each of the following traits is found in a bipedal hominin EXCEPT: a) a wide and short pelvis b) a big toe in line with the other toes c) a foramen magnum far back (posterior) on the skull d) an S-shaped vertebral column
answer
C
question
Fossil evidence of bipedalism first appeared in the hominin lineage about ___ million years ago. a) 2 b) 4 c) 7 d) 20
answer
C
question
How does the shape of the vertebral column differ between human adults and fetuses? a) human fetal vertebral column is C-shaped, while the human adult vertebral column is S-shaped b) both are C-shaped, but the human adult vertebral column is larger c) both are S-shaped, but the human adult vertebral column is larger d) human fetal vertebral column is S-shaped, while the human adult vertebral column is C-shaped
answer
A
question
What angle does the femur form in relation to the knee in hominins? a) 90 degrees b) less than 90 degrees c) more than 90 degrees d) the femur is not part of the knee structure
answer
B
question
What limb proportions would you expect to see on a hominin? a) long arms relative to legs b) long legs relative to arms c) long arms and legs relative to trunk d) short arms and legs relative to trunk
answer
B
question
The human foot is best described as a) big toe is adducted, and there is no longitudinal arch b) big toe is divergent, and there is no longitudinal arch c) big toe is adducted, and there is a longitudinal arch d) big toe is divergent, and there is a longitudinal arch
answer
C
question
Modern humans are considered a) quadrupedal b) occasional bipeds c) habitual bipeds d) obligate bipeds
answer
D
question
______________ is when different anatomical traits evolve at different times in a lineage a) mosaic evolution b) puzzle evolution c) morphological evolution d) random evolution
answer
A
question
Hominins have a _________ knee a) varus b) valgus c) longitudinal d) divergent
answer
B
question
Modern humans have an opposable hallux. True False
answer
False
question
Study of morphological changes due to growth and development of body parts is called _______________. a) intra-specific variation b) sexual dimorphism c) the fossil record d) allometry
answer
D
question
The fossil record is incomplete because: a) most organisms do not fossilize b) it is difficult to find fossilized individuals c) complete species variation is not always represented d) a and b only e) all of the above
answer
E
question
Which of the following features is used to distinguish hominins from other apes? a) bipedalism b) lack of CP3 honing complex c) increased encephalization d) b and c only are used e) all of the above are used
answer
E
question
Which of the following is NOT a hominin trait? a) increased prognathism b) parabolic dental arcade c) thick enamel d) decreased prognathism
answer
A
question
Gracile australopithecines evolved several traits that may assist in hard-object feeding. True False
answer
False
question
Which of the following is a derived trait among robust australopithecines? a) bipedalism b) increased prognathism c) flared zygomatics d) sexual dimorphism
answer
C
question
The earliest hominin to appear in the fossil record is __________. a) Australopithecus robustus b) Australopithecus africanus c) Sahelanthropus tchadensis d) Australopithecus afarensis
answer
C
question
Which of the following features allow us to infer diet? a) bipedalism b) enamel thickness c) encephalization d) parabolic dental arch
answer
B
question
Which of the following is not a proto-hominin genus? a) Sahelanthropus b) Orrorin c) Ardipithecus d) Australopithecus
answer
D
question
Which of the following fossils is the oldest and therefore would be expected to share some anatomical similarities with the Miocene apes? a) Australopithecus afarensis b) Australopithecus anamensis c) Ardipithecus ramidus d) Australopithecus aethiopicus
answer
C
question
What general trends characterized the evolution of Homo cranial morphology? a) increasing cranial capacity and more oval-shaped crania through time b) decreasing cranial capacity and more oval-shaped crania through time c) increasing cranial capacity and more rounded crania though time d) decreasing cranial capacity and more rounded crania through time
answer
C
question
What trait remained constant throughout the evolution of Homo cranial morphology? a) cranial size b) supraorbital torus size c) prognathism d) location of the foramen magnum
answer
D
question
Which hominin is most commonly associated with Oldowan stone tool technology? a) Homo sapiens sapiens b) Homo sapiens neanderthalensis c) Homo habilis d) Homo erectus
answer
C
question
Who was the first member of the genus Homo? a) Homo sapiens sapiens b) Homo sapiens neanderthalensis c) Homo habilis d) Homo erectus
answer
C
question
Which of the following tool types were the first bifacial tools? a) Oldowan b) Levallois c) Mousterian d) Acheulian
answer
D
question
Which of the following are hypothesized to have been the first stone tools of hominins? a) Oldowan b) Levallois c) Mousterian d) Acheulian
answer
A
question
Which hominin developed Acheulian stone tool technology? a) Australopithecus africanus b) Australopithecus afarensis c) Homo habilis d) Homo erectus
answer
D
question
Which hominin is associated with the Levallois, or "prepared-core" technique? a) Homo sapiens sapiens b) Homo sapiens neanderthalensis c) Homo habilis d) Homo erectus
answer
B
question
Some splitters believe certain fossil skulls within Homo habilis are different enough to necessitate an additional species, Homo rudolfensis. True False
answer
True
question
Which hominin was the first to leave Africa? a) Homo sapiens b) Homo habilis c) Homo erectus d) Australopithecus africanus
answer
C
question
Bioarchaeology can provide information about the __________ of past populations. a) health b) activity c) nutrition d) all of the above
answer
D
question
Forensic anthropology is the scientific application of physical anthropology in: a) an archaeological context b) an historical context c) a medico-legal context d) an academic context
answer
C
question
Although they share many of the same methods, forensic anthropologists often analyze the skeletal remains of only a single individual at a time, while bioarchaeologists usually analyze skeletal samples of many individuals. True False
answer
True
question
Sex, age, ancestry, and stature estimation comprise the __________ profile. a) biological b) individual c) identifying d) legal
answer
A
question
Based on anthroposcopic examination of an individual's skeletal remains, sex can be determined if that individual is a) a subadult b) an adult c) neither a nor b d) both a and b
answer
B
question
Methods used to estimate an age range for subadult skeletal remains are based on patterns of a) degeneration b) tooth development and eruption c) sexual dimorphism d) cranial fusion
answer
B
question
A forensic anthropologist is called to a crime scene where skeletal remains of an adult have been discovered. Most of the remains are highly fragmentary and poorly preserved; however, the pelvis is largely intact. Which of the following might be determined from these remains? a) age and stature b) stature and sex c) occupation d) sex and age e) all of the above
answer
D
question
Bioarchaeologists often use stature as a measure of health in past populations because stature is influenced by environmental stressors encountered during growth and development. True False
answer
True
question
A lesion with rounded edges and additional bone growth occurred a) antemortem b) perimortem c) postmortem d) no way to tell
answer
A
question
In ballistic trauma, the entry hole and exit hole are the same size, so the direction of the gunshot cannot be determined. True False
answer
False
question
LAB 9
answer
The Evolution of bipedalism
question
S-shaped Vertebral Column
answer
Modern human
question
C-shaped Vertebral Column
answer
Modern chimp
question
What is the position of the foramen magnum in the modern chimp skull, compared to the modern human skull?
answer
More posterior
question
What is the position of the foramen magnum in the modern human skull, compared to the modern chimp skull?
answer
More anterior
question
Who is more similar to Australopithecus afarensis in foramen magnum placement?
answer
Modern human
question
What is the width of the modern chimp pelvis, compared to the modern human pelvis?
answer
Narrow
question
What is the width of the modern human pelvis, compared to the modern chimp pelvis?
answer
Broad
question
Who is more similar to Australopithecus afarensis in pelvis width?
answer
Modern Human
question
What is the height of the modern chimp pelvis, compared to the modern human pelvis?
answer
Tall
question
What is the height of the modern human pelvis, compared to the modern chimp pelvis?
answer
Short
question
Who is more similar to Australopithecus afarensis in pelvis height?
answer
Modern human
question
What is the length of the femoral neck in the chimp, compared to the human?
answer
Short
question
What is the length of the femoral neck in the human, compared to the chimp?
answer
Long
question
Who is more similar to Australopithecus afarensis in length of the femoral neck?
answer
Modern human
question
Does the femur angle inward or form a right angle in the chimp?
answer
Femur does not angle inward (i.e. varus knee; articulating with the knee at approximately 90 degrees)
question
Does the femur angle inward or form a right angle in the human?
answer
Femur angles inward (i.e., valgus knee)
question
Who is more similar to Australopithecus afarensis in angle of the femur at the knee joint?
answer
Modern human
question
What is the length of the hallux (or big toe) relative to the other toes in the modern chimp?
answer
Short relative to other toes
question
What is the length of the hallux (or big toe) relative to the other toes in the modern human?
answer
Long relative to other toes
question
Who is more similar to Australopithecus afarensis in length of the hallux relative to the other toes?
answer
Modern human
question
What is position of the hallux in relation to the other toes in the modern chimp?
answer
Divergent
question
What is the position of the hallux in relation to the other toes in the modern human?
answer
Adducted (i.e., in line with the other toes)
question
Who is more similar to Australopithecus afarensis in position of the hallux relative to the other toes?
answer
Modern human
question
Are the phalanges curved in the modern chimp?
answer
Yes
question
Are phalanges curved in the modern human?
answer
No
question
Who is more similar to Australopithecus afarensis in curvature of the phalanges?
answer
Curvature is intermediate between modern human and modern chimp
question
Based on the characteristics of these Australopithecus afarensis footprints, what is the length of the hallux (or big toe) relative to the other toes?
answer
Long relative to the other toes
question
Based on the characteristics of these Australopithecus afarensis footprints, what is the position of the hallux?
answer
Adducted (in line with the other toes)
question
Do these footprints appear to belong to a quadruped or a biped?
answer
Biped
question
Found in Ethiopia and dated to 4.4 million years ago, Ardipithecus ramidus is one of the earliest known hominins. Contrary to earlier hypotheses on bipedalism, Ardipithecus ramidus likely lived in a woodland environment. Ardipithecus ramidus provides a glimpse of early bipedal evolution and environmental influences on these anatomical changes. You will observe traits of Ardipithecus ramidus and indicate if they appear associated with bipedalism, and more human-like, or with quadrupedalism, and more ape-like.
answer
graphic of ar. ramidus
question
Using the information presented in the table above, indicate which anatomical features in Ardipithecus ramidus are more ape-like (select all that apply).
answer
Short hallux (relative to other toes) Divergent hallux Curved phalanges
question
Using the information presented in the table above, indicate which anatomical features in Ardipithecus ramidus are more human-like (select all that apply).
answer
Anteriorly-positioned foramen magnum S-shaped vertebral column Broad pelvis Short pelvis Long femoral neck Femur angles inward Valgus knee
question
True or False: These features suggest that bipedalism is an example of mosaic evolution.
answer
True
question
Which skeletal element evolved to be human-like later in the hominin lineage, after Ardipithecus ramidus?
answer
Foot
question
Lab 10: The earliest hominins
answer
Lots of diagrams
question
Chimp and Ardipithecus ramidus
answer
diagram then.. More Less Sloping Sloping More posterior More anterior
question
Based on the position of the foramen magnum, do you think Ardipithecus ramidus was a biped? Why or why not?
answer
The foramen magnum is more centrally located than it is in chimpanzees. Therefore Ardipithecus ramidus should be a biped and ultimately a hominin.
question
Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus afarensis
answer
diagram then... Similar Similar Sloping Sloping More anterior More anterior
question
Compare your observations for Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus afarensis. Which cranial traits do you think are more derived in Australopithecus afarensis compared to the earlier Ardipithecus ramidus species?
answer
The increase in brain size is the most prominent cranial change.
question
Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus
answer
diagram then... Similar Similar Sloping Sloping More anterior More anterior Smaller Larger
question
Australopithecus afarensis is a gracile australopithecine. Would you also classify Australopithecus africanus as gracile, or is it a robust australopithecine? What features support your argument?
answer
Answers will vary. Some paleoanthropologists consider Australopithecus africanus to be robust despite its gracile cranium, due to its large molars. Others place this hominin among the gracile australopithecines.
question
Australopithecus (Paranthropus) aethiopicus and Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei
answer
diagram then... more less similar similar less flared more flared similar similar
question
Do you think Australopithecus aethiopicus is ancestral to Australopithecus boisei? What might you determine behaviorally based on the changes from Australopithecus aethiopicus to Australopithecus boisei?
answer
Yes, Australopithecus aethiopicus is ancestral to Australopithecus boisei and it appears that this lineage is getting larger and more specialized cranially. This could be due to them consuming harder and/or tougher foods. Note that decreasing prognathism is a characteristic of robust australopithechines.
question
Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus platyops
answer
diagram then.. similar similar least sloping sloping sloping U-shaped U-shaped U-shaped
question
Is Australopithecus afarensis or Australopithecus platyops a better candidate for the ancestor to Homo habilis? Why?
answer
Answers will vary. Australopithecus afarensis is more commonly considered ancestral to the Homo lineage. You might note the unusual flatness of Australopithecus platyop's face.
question
Lab 11: The Genus Homo
answer
some graphs and pdf on top
question
Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis
answer
diagram then... Similar Similar Bony ridge Bony ridge Sloping Sloping
question
Do you think these individuals are different enough to belong to different species? Which features were most important for making your conclusion?
answer
Answers will vary. You might observe that Homo habilis and Homo rudolfensis have similar feature proportions, although they are larger in absolute size in Homo rudolfensis.
question
Are there variations in Homo erectus?
answer
Compare Peking Man and Turkana Boy.
question
Turkana Boy and Peking Man
answer
diagram then... similar similar bony ridge bony ridge sloping sloping
question
Based on the features of Turkana Boy and Peking Man, do you think these should be separate species or does it represent geographic variation of Homo erectus? What features lead you to your conclusion?
answer
Answers will vary. Turkana Boy is a fairly gracile example of African Homo erectus, perhaps due to his youth or early appearance in evolutionary history, so you might observe more similarity between the two geographic variants. Later African Homo erectus are much more robust than Turkana Boy.
question
Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis.
answer
diagram then... Similar Similar Bony ridge bony ridge sloping sloping
question
Do you think it is likely that Homo erectus is ancestral to Homo heidelbergensis? What features lead you to this decision?
answer
IT GAVE NO ANSWER
question
archaic Homo heidelbergensis and Neanderthals to anatomically modern Homo sapiens
answer
diagram then... Medium Largest Smallest Bony ridge Bun Smooth Sloping Sloping Vertical Medium Largest Smallest No No Yes
question
Do you think Homo heidelbergensis is ancestral to either Homo sapiens or Neandertals? What features lead you to this decision?
answer
Answers will vary. Homo heidelbergensis is often considered ancestral to Neandertals in Europe and Asia. The particular Homo heidelbergensis used in this station is European, and thus would be ancestral to Neandertals. In Africa, Homo heidelbergensis gave rise to Homo sapiens, which migrated out to Europe and Asia to interbreed with Neandertals in those locations
question
Do you think that Neanderthals are a subspecies of Homo sapiens or are they a separate species? What features lead you to this decision?
answer
Answers will vary between students. Neandertals share genetic material with Homo sapiens with European or Asian ancestry, indicating interbreeding between these populations.
question
Homo floresiensis ("The Hobbit") and Homo sapiens
answer
diagram then... Largest Smallest Bony ridge Smooth Sloping Vertical No Yes
question
Is Homo floresiensis more similar to Homo erectus or Homo sapiens? What features lead you to this decision?
answer
Answers will vary. You might note the similarity of cranial features between Homo floresiensis and Homo erectus.
question
Compare the cranium of the La-Chapelle-Aux-Saints, a Neandertal, to Homo sapiens
answer
pdfs
question
Which skull has a larger nasal aperture compared to the size of its face?
answer
Neandertal
question
Which skull is more robust overall?
answer
Neandertal
question
How could a large nasal aperture aid survival in a cold climate?
answer
The large nasal aperture allows the cold air to become warm and moist before passing into the lungs.
question
Oldowan, Acheulian, and Mousterian tools
answer
question
Is the tool unifaced (flaked on one side) or bifaced (flaked on both sides)?
answer
Unifaced Bifaced Bifaced
question
Was the tool likely primarily used for hunting or scavenging? Oldowan Hunting Acheulian Scavenging Mousterian Scavenging
answer
Scavenging Scavenging Hunting
question
Which tools are most commonly associated with which hominins?
answer
Homo habilis = oldowan homo erectus = archeulian neadertals = mousterian
question
Lab 12: Forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology
answer
diagrams on skulls
question
Skulls with diagrams
answer
1 = Female 2 = Probable Female 3 = Indeterminate 4 = Probable Male 5 = Male
question
Skull #1: Mastoid process
answer
Male (4 or 5)
question
Skull #1: Nuchal crest
answer
Male (4 or 5)
question
Skull #2: Mastoid process
answer
Female (1 or 2)
question
Skull #2: Nuchal crest
answer
Female (1 or 2)
question
Estimate the sex of these skulls.
answer
Female = skull 2 Male = skull 1
question
pelvis diagrams
answer
1 = Female 2 = Probable Female 3 = Indeterminate 4 = Probable Male 5 = Male
question
Greater sciatic notch:
answer
Male (4 or 5)
question
Score the subpubic concavity of the pelvis in the right side image as concave or convex.
answer
Convex (Male)
question
Assume that the pelvis you scored for the greater sciatic notch is the same pelvis you scored for the subpubic concavity. Estimate the sex of this pelvis.
answer
Male
question
Diagram of dentition
answer
question
A mean age of 10 years is associated with the stage of dental development and eruption in the skull pictured above.
answer
12 years
question
femur diagrams
answer
diagrams of femurs... No No No No Yes Yes
question
The osteometric board measures in millimeters, so divide your measurement by 10 to convert to centimeters. Blank 1: Calculate the mean stature using the formula: 2.38 x (Femur length in cm) + 61.41 = 165 Blank 2: Calculate the minimum stature using the formula: Mean stature - 3.27 = 162 Blank 3: Calculate the maximum stature using the formula: Mean stature + 3.27 = 168 In all cases, round to the nearest whole centimeter. Enter the number in the blank WITHOUT unit notation (e.g. 160)
answer
question
Select the answer that best describes the cranial trauma pictured above. Trauma: Case #1
answer
Blunt force trauma (Antemortem)
question
Select the answer that best describes the cranial trauma pictured above. Trauma: Case #2
answer
Sharp force trauma (Antemortem)
question
Select the answer that best describes the cranial trauma pictured above. Trauma: Case #3
answer
Blunt force trauma (Perimortem)
question
Select the answer that best describes the cranial trauma pictured above. Trauma: Case #4
answer
Ballistic trauma (Perimortem)
question
Select the answer that best describes the cranial trauma pictured above. Trauma: Case #5
answer
Sharp force trauma (Perimortem)
question
Select the answer that best describes the cranial trauma pictured above. Trauma: Case #6
answer
Ballistic trauma (Perimortem)
Evolution
Production And Distribution
Social Studies
Washington Naval Conference
World History
World History And Geography
BJ American Republic Chapter 22 new – Flashcards 27 terms

Alexandra Robertson
27 terms
Preview
BJ American Republic Chapter 22 new – Flashcards
question
What did Warren G. Harding stress in his presidential campaign?
answer
return to normalcy
question
What did the Washington Naval Conference seek to limit?
answer
naval shipbuilding
question
Why did Americans want to set immigration quotas?
answer
fear of immigrants who might spread Communist ideas in America
question
What was the Red Scare?
answer
American's fear of communism
question
How did the automobile change life for farmers? for city workers?
answer
Farm families could make more frequent trips to town for shopping and social events.; City workers could live in suburbs.
question
What American pilot was a hero of the 1920's? What did he accomplish in 1927?
answer
Charles Lindbergh; solo flight across Atlantic Ocean
question
What basic mass production technique did Henry Ford introduce?
answer
assembly line
question
Why were the 1920's called the "Roaring Twenties"? What does the literature of the era reveal about the satisfaction people gained in such a society?
answer
immoral lifestyles increased; Literature reveals despair and lack of meaning in life.
question
What bill did the NAACP try to have Congress pass?
answer
anti-lynching law
question
What is "bootlegging"?
answer
selling illegal liquor
question
What famous trial took place as a result of the teaching of evolution? Where did it take place?
answer
Scopes trial; Dayton, TN
question
Name the three Republican presidents of the 1920s.
answer
Harding, Coolidge, Hoover
question
What act of corruption is associated with Albert B. Fall?
answer
Teapot Dome Scandal (leased government oil reserves to two oil men for kickback)
question
Al Capone
answer
a Chicago gangster
question
Calvin Coolidge
answer
"the business of America is business"
question
Albert B. Fall
answer
organizer of the Teapot Dome scheme
question
Warren G. Harding
answer
America should "return to normalcy"
question
Herbert Hoover
answer
inherited the fall from prosperity
question
Charles Lindbergh
answer
flew the Spirit of St. Louis to Paris
question
What two international agreements did the US sign in the 1920s
answer
1 Washington Naval Conference (limited production of naval warships) 2 Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact (outlawed war as a means of settling international disputes)
question
What was the "Red Scare"?
answer
fear of Communism
question
When was the first commercial radio broadcast, and what did it announce?
answer
November 2, 1920--Harding's election to the presidency
question
In what ways was racism ingrained in early twentieth century America?
answer
In the minds of many white Protestants, the immorality of the 20's was blamed on immigrants, Catholics, and minorities.
question
What were the shockingly fashionable young women of the 1920s called?
answer
flappers
question
When did Prohibition begin, and when did it end?
answer
1919-1933
question
What is bootlegging?
answer
selling illegal liquor
question
In what famous trial was a teacher convicted of teaching evolution but biblical Christianity ridiculed?
answer
Scopes trial
Commands
Evolution
Management
Operating Systems
Universe
Chapter 1 & 2 – Management – Test Bank – Flashcards 36 terms

Maddison Bailey
36 terms
Preview
Chapter 1 & 2 – Management – Test Bank – Flashcards
question
Scientific Management is associateed with
answer
Fredrick Taylor
question
A flex style of management means
answer
adjusting decisions and actions to the needs of the situation
question
Human relations theory emphasizes
answer
a fair day's work
question
Human skills needed by a manager include
answer
ability to advise workers on personal matters
question
Participative management
answer
allows workers to take part in decisions affecting them
question
Management theory
answer
must be adapted to the situation and the people involved
question
A supervisor has an obligation to customers to
answer
see that their needs and desires are met, train workers in guest relations, represent the enterprise well
question
An organization chart shows
answer
lines of authority and responsibility
question
An approach to management that blends standardization, concern with people, and participative techniques is called
answer
humanistic management
question
A poor work climate can cause
answer
low productivity and fewer customers
question
Why is it not uncommon for some hourly workers such as bartenders and serving personnel to take home more pay than their supervisors?
answer
Supervisors are exempt employees and are not covered by wage and hour laws.
question
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a
answer
participative process that empowers all level of employees to work in groups to establish guest service expectations
question
Boomerang management occurs when a
answer
supervisor reverts from a management point of view to a worker's point of view
question
Authority in hospitality management can be defined as
answer
having the right to make the necessary decisions and take necessary actions to get the job done
question
Working supervisors
answer
in close contact with the people they supervise, focus on work
question
The supervisors' role is to
answer
be responsible for the quantity and quality of the products and services, meet employee needs, be responsible for the output of the people supervised
question
The supervisor's authority comes from
answer
power to hire and fire, reward and punish, consistent disciplinary action, acceptance of authority by workers
question
Management by example refers to
answer
setting a good example for your workers
question
When an employee has much commitment but little competence to do a job, the best leadership style according to situational leadership theories is
answer
directing
question
Leadership style refers to
answer
the manner of interaction the supervisor uses with employees in directing and controlling the work
question
A fear-and-punishment leadership style
answer
breeds resentment, low morale, and personnel problems
question
The Theory X view of workers holds that
answer
people dislike work and must be coerced and threatened with punishment to get the work done
question
The Theory Y view of workers holds that
answer
work is as natural as play, and people will work of their own accord toward objectives that fill personal needs
question
The leadership style that delegates all authority and power to the employees is called
answer
Laissez-faire
question
Situational leadership theory holds that
answer
the degree of worker participation should depend on the work, the people, the leader, and time pressures—the total situation
question
Which of the following statements is true concerning the development of leaders?
answer
Which of the following statements is true concerning the development of leaders?
question
A Formal Leader is one who is
answer
according to the organizational chart "in charge"
question
Over ________% of the hospitality industry is women
answer
50
question
A transformational leader
answer
none of the above
question
A transactional leader(s)
answer
motivates through appealing to the workers self- interest (rewards)
question
According to the theory of Situational Leadership the types of behaviors are
answer
a. directive and supportive
question
The hotel and restaurant industry depends on large numbers of people to fill_________, __________ jobs that have little interest and no perceived future
answer
entry level, low wage
question
In your typical full service restaurant you will lose _______ of your hourly employees in _________ year(s)
answer
all, 1
question
Being a leader means
answer
being someone that people follow voluntarily
question
According to McGregor, the autocratic style is typical of which theory?
answer
Theory X
question
Which of the following is not one of the four styles of leading?
answer
discipline