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Literary Specialists – Flashcards 130 terms
130 terms
Preview
Literary Specialists – Flashcards
question
What movement did Buckley lead throughout his life, particularly during the 60s and 70s?
answer
The conservative movement
question
Why was Buckley considered the leader of his movement?
answer
He was the one conservative voice that could be heard through the liberal media at this time of change in the US
question
What types of books did Buckley read?
answer
Conservative, nonfiction, political books and fictional mystery novels about CIA spies and international affairs
question
What background did Buckley come from?
answer
Irish Catholic family, very wealthy
question
What religion and type of government did Buckley think should the US government be based upon?
answer
Catholicism and democracy, specifically free market capitalism
question
Where did David Foster Wallace get his idea for The Broom of The System?
answer
A girlfriend told him she would rather be a fictional character than a real person, he wondered why
question
What is post-modernism? (David Foster Wallace)
answer
The focus on individual reality and reality is different for everyone
question
What did David Foster Wallace major in?
answer
Philosophy and English
question
What mental disorder is David Foster Wallace suffer from?
answer
Severe depression
question
What novel was Wallace working on at the time of his death?
answer
The Pale King (never finished, but it was published posthumously)
question
Where was Laurie Halse Anderson born?
answer
Potsdam, NY
question
What challenge did Laurie Halse Anderson overcome as a young child?
answer
Needed extra reading support and speech therapy
question
What did Laurie Halse Anderson do when she was 16?
answer
Lived in Denmark as an exchange student
question
What is Laurie Halse Anderson's most famous book?
answer
...
question
What are 3 themes prominent in her works?
answer
Rape, family dysfunctions, body issues
question
How did Jean Weber's life at Vassar influence her writing?
answer
Many works were set at all-women's prep schools and her stories reflected her experiences with her friends at Vassar College
question
How did Jean Webster show her feminist side in her writings?
answer
Most of her protagonists were strong female characters. She always encouraged women to get an education through her stories
question
Which book of Jean Webster was nothing like the others?
answer
Four-Pools Mystery
question
What social issues did Jean Webster address in her writing?
answer
Feminism/women's role in the workforce, economic status, slavery, care for children, divorce
question
What was the literary device Jean Webster used in all her writing?
answer
Humor
question
Which book did John Irving originally write while he attended the Iowa Writer's Workshop?
answer
Setting Free the Bears
question
What literary technique does John Irving often use?
answer
Telling a story, within a story
question
Which animal often makes symbolic, often physical, appearances in John Irvin's novels?
answer
A bear
question
How did being sexually abused in John Irving's childhood influence his writing?
answer
Many characters he wrote about suffered from sexual abuse as well
question
Which novel did John Irving receive the most praise for and what were the major themes of this novel?
answer
"The World According to Garp," with themes such as death, gender role, and sexuality were prominent
question
What kind of people did Eudora Welty write about?
answer
Normal people who were not usually protagonists such as hitch-hikers, deaf people, and beauticians. She gave voice to the voiceless.
question
What makes Eudora Welty stand out from other writers?
answer
Crisp imagery, wry preciseness
question
What are some of the main themes of Eudora Welty's works?
answer
The South, time, and the journey
question
How did Welty incorporate gardening into her works?
answer
She loved to garden and wrote about nature in her works, especially names of flowers
question
Why does John Green write Young Adult literature?
answer
Teenagers are doing many important things for the first time in their lives. He believes they should be treated like intelligent people since they are so open to philosophical ideas.
question
What is John Green's philosophy on reading?
answer
"Books belong to their readers," meaning that readers should be allowed to read books without having to worry about any other deeper meaning that isn't personally meaningful to them
question
Which of John Green's novels is the most heavily based on his high school career?
answer
"Looking for Alaska"
question
How did John Green's time as a chaplain and his friendship with Ester Earl influence his writing?
answer
He began to write about his experiences. Meeting Esther gave him a new perspective on what it was like to be a dying teenager
question
Why is it important to imagine people complexly? (John Green)
answer
This allows you to feel greater empathy towards them. Knowing that they have hopes, dreams, and fears just like you do can help you to work better with them.
question
How did the space race influence Isaac Asimov's writing?
answer
It aided his obsession with space, space travel, and other planets
question
How did the atomic bombs dropped in Japan influence Isaac Asimov's writing?
answer
It gave him a way to show the fall of the Earth. A common theme was that the Earth and been destroyed in a nuclear war.
question
What is psychohistory? What role does it play in Isaac Asimov's stories?
answer
The belief that the future of a certain group of people can be predicted by looking at their past. It plays a role in "Foundation Trilogy" where they use it to prevent the collapse of a civilization
question
What are the three laws of robotics? (Isaac Asimov)
answer
1) A robot may not injure a human or allow a human to be harmed through inaction 2) A robot must obey orders given to it unless they conflict with the fire law 3) A robot must protect its own existence unless it conflicts with the first two laws
question
What role did religion play in Isaac Asimov's writing?
answer
Religion because it reflected Asimov's personal beliefs that the ideas of the human were more important than the ideals of a God
question
How did Robert Ludlum's job in the Marine Corps affect his writing?
answer
His job exposed him to war and life outside his sheltered life in the US. All he ever wrote about had to do with war and espionage/international affairs
question
How did Robert Ludlum's jobs in theater, acting, and producing affect his writing?
answer
He always knew the exact image he wanted to portray, so this really came out in the excess description of his novels
question
What is Robert Ludlum's most popular series, and what did it get made into?
answer
The Bourne Series, movies
question
What are some common themes shown throughout Ludlum's novels?
answer
Excessive description, relatable characters, Cold War, corrupt government
question
What are two reasons that Robert Ludlum might have written unders pseudonyms?
answer
Keep suspense going even outside the novel Incorporate his children somewhere in his writing
question
What was Ernest Hemingway's style based off of?
answer
The style he learned at his first job for the newspaper, Kansas City Star
question
What event caused Ernest Hemingway to be mentally unstable throughout his life and probably lead to his own death?
answer
His father committing suicide
question
What were some major themes in Ernest Hemingway's novels?
answer
Love, war, wilderness, and loss
question
What time period was Ernest Hemingway a part of?
answer
The lost generation
question
How was Ernest Hemingway influenced by Gertrude Stein and F. Scott Fitzgerald?
answer
They shaped his writing especially Gertrude who became somewhat of an editor and she completely changed his writing style
question
What tragic event did Stephen King witness as a child and does not seem to remember?
answer
His friend getting hit by a train while they were outside playing
question
What book did Stephen King throw away?
answer
Carrie
question
What are three common themes seen throughout Stephen King's works?
answer
Childhood innocence, strong women, the supernatural
question
Why did Stephen King write under a pseudonym for a short period of time?
answer
So he could prove that his fame was real and it wasn't by chance that he got published
question
What 3 kind of books is Stephen King known for?
answer
Fantasy, horror, and science fiction
question
Which two schools did Fitzgerald attend before went to Princeton?
answer
St. Paul Academy and Newman School
question
Which one of Fitzgerald's novels' was an instant success and lead him to his celebrity status?
answer
"This Side of Paradise"
question
Where did F. Scott Fitzgerald move for a change of scenery and ended up being where he wrote the Great Gatsby?
answer
France
question
Who did F. Scott Fitzgerald befriend in France that he had very different opinions than him?
answer
Ernest Hemingway
question
What was Zelda, Fitzgerald's wife, diagnosed with?
answer
Schizophrenia
question
What was Jack London's most famous novel and why?
answer
"The Call of the Wild," because it was an adventure story about a dog which was unique for that time period
question
What are some jobs Jack London did other than being a writer?
answer
Gold prospector, seaman, hobo, rancher
question
What was the Wolf House? (Jack London)
answer
His dream house that burned down and he never was able to live in it or rebuild it
question
How many works did Jack London write in his lifetime?
answer
Hundreds of short stories, over 50 novels, and some essays/plays
question
How many words did Jack London write in a day, how many a week?
answer
1000 words/day, 6 days/week
question
How does Toni Morrison's background affect her writing?
answer
She knew a lot about African American roots and expressed this in her writing by creating plots, settings, and characters
question
Name something about Toni Morrison's writing that is seen repeatedly throughout most of her books
answer
Themes, characterization, african american heritage
question
How do Toni Morrison's stories usually end?
answer
Usually there is no clear ending, it open to interpretation
question
What is one major theme in the novel "The Bluest Eye" by Toni Morrison?
answer
Standard of beauty, innocence, abuse
question
Toni Morrison was very versatile in the types of literature that she wrote. Which was her most popular?
answer
Novels
question
Did did Truman Capote suffer with his whole life?
answer
Abandonment issues
question
Who was a childhood friend of Truman Capote that is also a famous author?
answer
Harper Lee
question
What novel by Truman Capote was semi-autobiographical and why?
answer
"Other Voices, Other Rooms" because it displayed homosexuality (he was homosexual) and childhood experiences
question
What is Truman Capote's most popular novel?
answer
"In Cold Blood"
question
What are two literary devices Capote used in his writing?
answer
Imagery, poetic prose, symbolism, similies
question
What generation of literature does J.D. Salinger fit into?
answer
He's a link between other writers of WWII, the lost generation, and the Beat Generation
question
What are 3 examples of J.D. Salinger's themes?
answer
Loss of innocence, insincerity of adults, need for balance
question
How did WWII affect J.D. Salinger's life?
answer
After WWII, he went into a much darker place and his writing was more sarcastic
question
What makes J.D. Salinger's characters so realistic?
answer
Dialoge and indirect characterization
question
How is religion relevant to J.D. Salinger's work and life?
answer
He experienced new religions and wrote about the the Glass family doing the same
question
What does J.D. Salinger's taste in women say about his view on childhood innocence?
answer
He was obsessed with innocence
question
What occupation did both of Thomas Perry's parents have?
answer
Public school teachers
question
What were Thomas Perry's majors in college?
answer
English and American literature
question
What were a few jobs that Thomas Perry had?
answer
Commercial fisherman, factory laborer, weapons mechanic
question
Which one of his books did he receive the Edgar Allan Poe Award for?
answer
"The Butcher's Boy"
question
What does Thomas Perry incorporate in all of his works?
answer
Precise detail
question
Why are the settings in Barbara Kingsolver's novels extremely accurate?
answer
She only writes about places she has lived in or been to such as the setting in "The Bean Tree"
question
What did Barbara Kingsolver's father do to influence her writing?
answer
He moved their family to different places to offer his services in less-fortunate countries. This really opened up her eyes to different cultures in the world
question
What is a common theme seen in Barbara Kingsolver's writing?
answer
Different social and political issues in society today
question
What did Barbara Kingsolver study in college and recieve her master's degree in?
answer
Biology
question
What award did Barbara Kingsolver establish in the late 1900's?
answer
The Bellwether Prize
question
What was the title of the first poem Dorothy Parker sold to Vanity Fair?
answer
"Any Porch"
question
Dorothy Parker's writing was most noted for her what?
answer
Wit
question
What group of writers was Dorothy Parker a member of?
answer
The Algonquin Round Table
question
Why was Dorothy Parker fired from Vanity Fair?
answer
In one of her criticisms she gave an actress a bad review and her husband was an advertiser for the magazine
question
What subject matter does Dorothy Parker's poem "Resume" deal with?
answer
Suicide
question
What is Jack Kerouac main theme?
answer
Traveling
question
Why did Jack Kerouac drop out of Columbia?
answer
He fought with his coach, got kicked off the football team, and lost his scholarship
question
Who influenced Jack Kerouac when writing "On the Road"?
answer
Neal Cassiy
question
What is Jack Kerouac's writing style?
answer
Spontaneous prose
question
What was a major outcome of being famous for Jack Kerouac?
answer
He became an alcoholic
question
At what magazine did Sylvia Plath do an internship?
answer
Mademoiselle
question
Which of Sylvia Plath's works is autobiographical?
answer
"The Bell Jar"
question
What are 3 major themes in Sylvia Plath's works?
answer
Death, darkness, isolation
question
Which poet did Sylvia Plath end up marrying?
answer
Ted Hughes
question
Almost all of Sylvia Plath's works were published _______.
answer
Posthumously
question
Like his father, Raymond Chandler struggled with______
answer
Alcoholism
question
What Raymond Chandler lacked in plot, he made up for in ______
answer
Imagery
question
How is Phillip Marlowe different than other detectives in fiction novels?
answer
He was sexually, racially, politically, and environmentally aware
question
Raymond Chandler made his money by writing _______
answer
Screenplays
question
Raymond Chandler is considered the father of ____ fiction
answer
Hard-boiled detective
question
Why did Robert Frost move to England for 3 years?
answer
To get published
question
What poem from Robert Frost was read at JFK's inauguration?
answer
"The Gift Outright"
question
What is the sound of sense? (Robert Frost)
answer
Making words go beyond their meaning to something deeper and more personal to the individual
question
What 2 collections of poems by Robert Frost were published in England?
answer
"A Boy's Will" and "North of Boston"
question
Who gave Robert Frost his first farm in New Hampshire?
answer
His grandfather
question
What was the most important educational factor of Ambrose Bierce's childhood?
answer
His fathers library
question
What was Ambrose Bierce's first short story?
answer
"The Haunted Valley"
question
Why did Ambrose Bierce accept the job at the Examier?
answer
Minimal editorial intrusion
question
What was Bierce considered the master of and why?
answer
Macabre because his stories either centered on death or instilled a sense of terror in the reader
question
What are some techniques/themes used in "One of the Missing" by Ambrose Bierce?
answer
Strving to prove confidence, psychological mind play, death, terror, time
question
What is Hinton's greatest strength in her writing?
answer
Characterization
question
Does Hinton write using experiences from her own life or does she fictionalize everything in her novels?
answer
She uses her own life experiences
question
What are some common themes found throughout Hinton's novels?
answer
Absent parents, gang violence, loyalty, friendship, coming of age
question
How did Hinton change the young adult genre?
answer
She wrote about what was actually happening in the lives of teenagers
question
What awards has Hinton received for her writing?
answer
New York Times "best novel" for the outsiders, and Oklahoma writing hall of fame
question
What is the full name of the disease that killed Flannery O'Connor?
answer
Systematic Lupus Erythematosus
question
What did Flannery do at age six to get recorded?
answer
Trained a chicken to walk backwards
question
What did Flannery major in in college?
answer
Sociology and English
question
What does the peacock symbolize in Flannery's works?
answer
Immortality and spiritual ranking
question
What pope blessed Flannery when she was in Rome?
answer
Pope Pius XII
1965 Voting Rights Act
AP United States History
World History
World History Final – Flashcards 154 terms
154 terms
Preview
World History Final – Flashcards
question
What was social Darwinism?
answer
a theory that applied Darwin's theory of "survival of the fittest" to human society; white English and Germans were biologically superior to blacks
question
What was the "white man's burden"?
answer
the duty of superior, more civilized white countries to educate and bring culture to backward, inferior races
question
What did many people think was an appropriate education for black students?
answer
vocational training, in a skill or trade
question
What skills were stressed for blacks and Native Americans at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute?
answer
learning hard work in a trade, Christian morality, and middle-class values
question
What black college did Booker T. Washington found in 1872?
answer
Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
question
What was not a belief of Booker T. Washington about opportunities for blacks?
answer
Washington believed that blacks should work for the right to vote while they worked for economic success.
question
How was Booker T. Washington's message received by whites?
answer
Whites embraced his non-threatening acceptance of white superiority, and many supported him financially.
question
What was not a reason why some people were critical of Washington's approach with the Tuskegee Institute?
answer
Critics often felt that Washington was pushing too hard for change.
question
What was the "talented tenth"?
answer
the top ten percent of black society; leaders like Du Bois felt that this group should lead blacks to greater social and political equality
question
Where did most black men in the army after the Civil War spend their time?
answer
in the West, fighting Native Americans
question
How did the free black family in the North change in the time period between 1820 and 1860?
answer
More became single-parent households, with women heading them
question
Why was it difficult for blacks to find jobs in the North after 1820?
answer
White immigration increased, and employers preferred to hire whites.
question
What were some of the differences between life for a black soldier and life for a white soldier?
answer
Blacks received far worse food rations, equipment, and horses.
question
Where did the term "buffalo soldiers" come from?
answer
Native Americans admired blacks' fighting abilities, and thought their hair similar to the buffalo
question
How did blacks feel about fighting Native Americans?
answer
Most felt no worries or concerns at all. They felt a genuine pride in being professional soldiers.
question
What was the Spanish-American War about?
answer
America wanted to liberate Cuba from Spanish control
question
Why did blacks serve in the Spanish-American War?
answer
They hoped to demonstrate their bravery and worth to whites, and thereby eliminate racism and hostility
question
Which of the following is true about blacks in business in the late nineteenth century?
answer
In order to succeed in business, blacks generally had to cater to other blacks
question
What did the American Federation of Labor think about black involvement in unions?
answer
It refused entry to blacks or women.
question
What were the limitations of the early antislavery movement?
answer
White abolitionists did not think that blacks should have equal rights
question
Why did most strikes fail during the late nineteenth century?
answer
Government and the police helped the businessmen over the workers.
question
What tactic did whites in Atlanta not use to break the widespread washerwomen's strike in 1881?
answer
They brought in convict labor to perform washing duties for white Atlantans
question
Why did five of the seven existing black medical schools close down around 1910?
answer
Because whites recommended the strengthening of the medical profession, partially by eliminating weaker medical schools.
question
Why did many black lawyers have a hard time making a living?
answer
Blacks often preferred to hire white lawyers, which they believed could improve their chances of winning their cases.
question
What legal organization did blacks form, since the American Bar Association would not include them?
answer
the National Bar Association
question
What were "minstrel shows"?
answer
traveling groups of actors and musicians, some portraying blacks as stereotypical caricatures
question
How did white authorities harass heavyweight champion Jack Johnson?
answer
They had him arrested for violating the Mann Act when he married a white woman.
question
How did the typical early 20th century Progressive reformer feel about racism?
answer
Most were racist themselves. They showed little interest in altering white supremacy
question
Which of the following was not an element of Booker T. Washington's famous speech at the Atlanta Cotton States Exposition in 1895?
answer
He thought that blacks should work for voting rights at the same time they were trying to impress whites with their hard work, cleanliness, and good morals.
question
How did white people react to Washington's Atlanta Compromise speech?
answer
Since it was so non-threatening, they thought it was sensible and praiseworthy. Many whites supported Washington's leadership
question
What type of political influence did Booker T. Washington have?
answer
Washington actually had tremendous influence for a black man at the time. President Teddy Roosevelt respected him, and consulted with him regularly on political appointments
question
What types of political activities was Washington supporting behind the scenes?
answer
He tried to both improve conditions for blacks on segregated railroad cars and get the grandfather clause overturned in the courts.
question
How did men like W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter feel about Booker T. Washington's efforts and views?
answer
They became vocal, intense critics of Washington's. They felt he was yielding too much to whites
question
How did Du Bois's background shape his views, just as Washington's shaped his?
answer
Du Bois was born free in the North, encountered little racism during his early years, and was incredibly intelligent and allowed to obtain a superior education.
question
What is not true about Du Bois's and Washington's approaches to improving the condition of black men?
answer
Du Bois did not think blacks should be submissive to whites and merely wait for change.
question
What was the role of the "Talented Tenth," according to Du Bois?
answer
The top ten percent of blacks were to be responsible for working to achieve the civil and political rights of African Americans.
question
What did the Niagara Movement demand in 1905?
answer
That blacks should protest vigorously for their rights, better schools, housing, and an end to racial prejudice.
question
The Niagara Movement leaders stated, "We repudiate the monstrous doctrine that the oppressor should be the sole authority as to the rights of the oppressed." What does this mean?
answer
Blacks wanted to have an active role in determining what they wanted, rather than leaving it all up to whites.
question
How did Booker T. Washington react to the new Niagara Movement?
answer
He paid newspaper reporters to criticize Du Bois.
question
What is true about the early NAACP?
answer
White leaders dominated it and financed it.
question
What methods did the NAACP use to try to gain black civil and political rights?
answer
They worked within the court and legislative system, chipping away at discrimination, racism, and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision.
question
What was the significance of the Guinn v. United States case in 1915?
answer
It overturned the grandfather clause in Oklahoma
question
What was true about the NAACP publication, "The Crisis"?
answer
Edited by Du Bois, it generally contained strident language denouncing racism and demanding that blacks stand up for their rights.
question
How did Booker T. Washington feel about the NAACP?
answer
He sent in aides and supporters to disrupt meetings, and attack Du Bois publicly
question
What was the result of Washington's scheming to destroy the NAACP?
answer
The NAACP eventually triumphed, in goals and tactics
question
What was the goal of the Urban League?
answer
to help blacks as they moved into cities, with housing, discrimination issues, and medical care
question
What is true about black women's support for women's suffrage?
answer
They had long supported the issue, and understood that political power was needed to change discrimination in America.
question
What political party did blacks generally support in the early twentieth century?
answer
Republican
question
How did Woodrow Wilson act toward black people when he became president?
answer
Wilson held southern views about race; he segregated federal offices to avoid friction between the races.
question
How did most African Americans feel about entering World War I?
answer
Most supported it, and many served in the armed forces as a way to demonstrate their patriotism and loyalty.
question
How were most black troops used during World War I used?
answer
Most were used in manual labor, in building roads and as cooks.
question
How did the French troops and people feel about black soldiers?
answer
They praised their ability and courage, and asked for more black troops.
question
World War I was supposed to be a war "to make the world safe for democracy." With all this language, how did Americans apply these ideals to the treatment of blacks?
answer
They didn't. Americans continued to hold onto racism, and reacted violently against blacks.
question
What is true about violence against blacks in America around the time of World War I?
answer
The violence expanded from the South to include the North as well.
question
What provoked the 1906 race riot in Atlanta, Georgia?
answer
A white sheriff accused a black man of raping a white woman.
question
How did Booker T. Washington react to the Atlanta Riot of 1906?
answer
He said that black resistance would only lead to more black deaths, and urged racial harmony
question
What did the Springfield Riot of 1908 lead to?
answer
the creation of the NAACP
question
What did many of the race riots of the early twentieth century not have in common?
answer
They generally led to some sort of improvement in race relations.
question
What reaction did the NAACP have to the violence of the East St. Louis riot?
answer
It sent members in to investigate, publicized the issues, and organized a silent march in New York City as a protest.
question
What prompted the Houston Riot in 1917?
answer
Black soldiers were disgusted over the racist treatment they received at the hands of the police in the segregated city
question
What is true about black migration between 1910 and 1940?
answer
About 1.75 million blacks left the South, doubling the population of blacks outside that region.
question
Which of the following is true about black migration destinations?
answer
Many black families moved several times before settling down. c. Black migrants universally found "heaven" in their destinations.
question
What is true about segregation in the North?
answer
Although the North had laws against discrimination of blacks, enforcement was often overlooked.
question
What does the case of Sacco and Vanzetti tell us about America in the early 1920s?
answer
Many felt their conviction and execution had more to do with xenophobia than legal evidence that they had been involved in a crime.
question
What is true about academic studies and academic views of race in the 1920s?
answer
Prominent scholars published numerous books warning about the threat to America from immigrants, and the dangers of "diluting" the white race
question
What did the film, Birth of a Nation, depict?
answer
an incredibly racist view of black men as either ignorant or rapists, along with a glorification of the Ku Klux Klan
question
What was not a popular reaction to the film, Birth of a Nation?
answer
The film encouraged students to study the American Revolution.
question
What organization reemerged with millions of members shortly after the release of the movie, The Birth of a Nation?
answer
Ku Klux Klan
question
How was the Klan of the 1920s different from the Reconstruction Klan?
answer
The Klan of the 1920s expanded their hate targets to include Catholics, Jews, and immigrants as well as blacks.
question
What was the ultimate result of the Dyer anti-lynching bill?
answer
Although the NAACP gained publicity for the anti-lynching crusade, the bill ultimately failed
question
What do the activities of the NAACP regarding "white primaries" and in the Sweet case tell us about their tactics during the 1920s?
answer
The NAACP continued to use the court system to gain changes and civil rights in America.
question
What benefits did Marcus Garvey and his ideas bring to many black people?
answer
His ideas brought an opportunity to celebrate their culture, history, and heritage in a world that generally saw them as inferior or meaningless.
question
What African American author influenced Jamaican born Marcus Garvey's early ideas about changing the situation of blacks?
answer
Booker T. Washington
question
What organization did Marcus Garvey form in Jamaica in 1914?
answer
Universal Negro Improvement Association
question
What was not true about Marcus Garvey and his ideas?
answer
Garvey was very poorly educated, since he grew up in Jamaica, and left school at 14
question
For what proposal is Garvey best remembered?
answer
establishing the Black Star Line, a group of steamships that were supposed to help blacks get back to Africa
question
Garvey wanted to establish a settlement in Liberia. What stopped him?
answer
The American, British, and French governments blocked his requests to the League of Nations, since they wanted to maintain power for themselves
question
How did other black leaders, like W. E. B. Du Bois and A. Philip Randolph, view Garvey?
answer
They continually denigrated him and his ideas, calling him dangerous and a fool.
question
How did Garvey react to the KKK?
answer
He praised the organization as being the only honest white men in America
question
What 1960s civil rights leader was very influenced by Garvey, and continued promoting some of his ideas?
answer
Malcolm X
question
What did Du Bois and Garvey, as well as other black leaders, have in common?
answer
a great interest in Africa, and trying to improve or eliminate colonial rule there
question
What did Du Bois ask for at the first Pan-African Congress?
answer
the creation of a central black nation, but he did not demand the immediate withdrawal of the Europeans
question
What is true about the occupations of black people after World War I and the great migration?
answer
Most black people were still employed in agricultural work or domestic service
question
Why was the railroad train Pullman Company an early area for black labor organizing?
answer
By the 1920s, it was the largest employer of black people in America.
question
How did Pullman porters react to discrimination and unjust treatment on their railroad coach jobs?
answer
The porters tried to work behind the scenes, very quietly, to try to get helpful legislation passed by Congress.
question
What was true about the formal education of many of the black writers and artists of the Harlem Renaissance?
answer
Many of them went to very elite schools, at a time when any college education was rare.
question
What did authors like Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston think the purpose of black literature should be?
answer
that art should portray ordinary, even poor black people, with their good and bad sides
question
Why were black women often affected more than black men during the Depression?
answer
White families could not afford domestic help during the Depression, or could get it at almost no cost at all, since some black women were so desperate.
question
What was the "Bronx Slave Market"?
answer
an area in New York where white women could very cheaply obtain day help from black women
question
What does the story of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company tell us about blacks during the Great Depression?
answer
Some black businesses were able to succeed even with the difficulties of the Great Depression.
question
How were social services and relief programs handled beforethe Great Depression?
answer
through private charities and individuals
question
How did President Herbert Hoover deal with African Americans during the Great Depression?
answer
Hoover wanted an all-white Republican Party in the South, and tried to appoint a racist to the Supreme Court.
question
Why did President Hoover do very little during the Great Depression to alleviate poverty?
answer
He strongly believed that individuals or charities, not the government, should help alleviate poverty.
question
During the Great Depression why W. E. B. Du Bois begin to criticize the NAACP?
answer
not putting enough emphasis on economic development for blacks
question
Who was central to the NAACP's legal effectiveness during the 1930s in chipping away at segregation through the court system?
answer
Charles Hamilton Houston
question
What was Charles Hamilton Houston's legal focus?
answer
He tried to force the South to equalize facilities, especially in education
question
Why did Charles H. Houston and Thurgood Marshall focus on gaining blacks access to professional and graduate schools?
answer
The inequalities were very obvious; almost no graduate facilities existed for blacks in the South.
question
Why did the all-white primary law disfranchise black voters in Texas, when they could still vote in the general election?
answer
Texas was so heavily Democratic that the only really contested election was the primary race.
question
What case ended the all-white primary strategy altogether?
answer
Smith v. Allwright
question
Which of the following is true about the role of black women in the NAACP?
answer
Black women often made huge contributions through organizing and fundraising.
question
How did black voting patterns begin to change after the first election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt?
answer
Blacks began to shift from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party
question
How was Roosevelt unlike Hoover in his attempts to end the Great Depression?
answer
He proved very flexible, and willing to experiment with new changes and ideas.
question
What is true about the National Industrial Recovery Act's effect on black Americans?
answer
When the NIRA increased wages, employers fired blacks in order to be able to hire whites.
question
How was the Agricultural Adjustment Actunevenly implemented?
answer
White landlords sometimes evicted black tenants from their land during the Great Depression.
question
What was the role of FDR's "Black Cabinet"?
answer
They lobbied and pressured the president and other governmental agencies to create color-blind policies
question
What happened to much First New Deal legislation during the Great Depression?
answer
The Supreme Court declared much of it unconstitutional.
question
Which of the following was a major enduring program initiated during the Second New Deal?
answer
Social Security Act
question
What was significant about the 1936 presidential election?
answer
Republican Black voters outside the South shifted in significant numbers to the Democratic Party.
question
Which of the following was a reason for blacks to move over to the Democratic Party during the 1936 election?
answer
Blacks felt that Roosevelt had been doing more for them than any other president.
question
How did many whites react to the increased presence of blacks in the Democratic Party?
answer
Some southern white Democrats were infuriated, and actually walked out of the presidential convention when blacks spoke.
question
What was true about the administration of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?
answer
The WPA was actuallyadministered far more equally than previous programs. It helped many black families.
question
Which of the following was not a program of the Depression era WPA?
answer
giving food to hungry blacks and whites
question
How did the relationship between African Americans and labor unions change during the 1930s?
answer
In the 1930s, more labor unions allowed blacks membership, and some even began integrated unions
question
What did the case of the Scottsboro Boysinvolve?
answer
two young white women who falsely accused nine young black men of rape on a train
question
What did the case of Powell v. Alabama, decided by the Supreme Court in 1932, state?
answer
The Scottsboro Boys had not been given adequate council, and the trial was not fair because it had occurred in a hostile environment
question
What did the case ofNorris v. Alabama, decided by the Supreme Court in 1935, state?
answer
All Americans have the right to a jury of their peers. Excluding blacks from jury pools was deemed unconstitutional.
question
What was the Tuskegee Experiment?
answer
when the federal government sponsored a health study that monitored, but did not treat, black men with syphilis
question
What lessons did Amos 'n' Andy teach white America?
answer
That it was acceptable to make fun and laugh at black people's efforts to make it in America
question
What 1930s movie most solidified blacks in the roles of servants in the American mind?
answer
Gone With the Wind
question
How did Billie Holiday's song "Strange Fruit" protest racism?
answer
The song was about the horror and violence surrounding lynching
question
What was the primary force behind much of Adolf Hitler's policies?
answer
racism, focusing on blaming Jews for all of Germany's problems
question
Why did the United States take so long to get involved in World War II?
answer
Congress, with most of the American population, was isolationist, and thought that we should not have been involved in World War I.
question
How did events in Ethiopia in 1935 and in Spain in 1936-1937 affect how some African Americans thought about world events leading up to World War II?
answer
African Americans supported anti-fascist movements in both countries, and the events demonstrated the threats of that type of government.
question
What finally lifted the United States out of the Great Depression?
answer
military spending by the United States to prepare for World War II
question
What was the "Double V" campaign?
answer
a slogan adopted by African Americans to work for victory in World War II and victory over racism at home
question
Who organized the proposed 1942 March on Washington Movement?
answer
A. Philip Randolph
question
What was the March on Washington Movement designed to do?
answer
Stop discrimination against blacks in wartime industries and the military
question
What did FDR's Executive Order 8022 do?
answer
technically ended discrimination by race in defense industry employment
question
What was not a difference between German POWs' treatment in prison camps and the treatment of African Americans in the military?
answer
Germans, like other non-black ethnic groups, faced no discrimination within American society during the war
question
What was different about the black soldiers who served in World War II versus those who served in World War I?
answer
Those who served in World War II were more likely to be high school or college graduates.
question
What successes did the NAACP see during World War II?
answer
The NAACP grew tremendously in membership and influence, even in the South
question
What principles did the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), created in 1942, stand by?
answer
They were very democratic in their organization, and wanted America to stand up to its principles.
question
What was the Cold War?
answer
an ideological conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union over different interests for Europe and the rest of the world
question
What was the reaction of many white southerners to Truman's interest in African-American rights?
answer
They left the Democratic Party to form the Dixiecrat Party, which favored white supremacy.
question
What did President Harry Truman's Executive Order 9981 do?
answer
It officially desegregated the armed forces.
question
Which was the first war to see integrated American troop units in conflict?
answer
the Korean War
question
What did the case of State of Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada involve?
answer
It forced states to provide equal facilities to blacks for legal education within their borders.
question
What amendment did the NAACP claim southern states were violating when they lacked black graduate education facilities or refused admittance to blacks?
answer
Fourteenth Amendment
question
Which of the following cases involved a young woman who had been denied admission to a the law school because she was black?
answer
Sipuel v. Oklahoma State Board of Regents
question
What did the Supreme Court decide in Sweatt v. Painter?
answer
Equality in educational facilities included a lot of intangibles. The justices were basically saying that Sweatt had to be admitted to the main law school, not simply give space for him in the basement of the university.
question
How was the case of Briggs v. Elliot different from prior NAACP cases in education?
answer
It was the first case to involve elementary school education, rather than graduate school education.
question
What was the result of the Brown case?
answer
The court declared that separate educations for blacks and whites were not equal, therefore overturning the Plessy rule
question
What did the Brown II decision say?
answer
Schools should desegregate "with all deliberate speed."
question
How had President Eisenhower reacted to the Brown decision?
answer
He did not seem to accept the ruling completely, refusing to provide it with the backing of his office.
question
What was not a reaction by southern whites to implementing Brown?
answer
They began a policy of massive, organized violent resistance.
question
What is true about school desegregation under Brown by 1960?
answer
Only 17 school systems had been desegregated.
question
What did the Supreme Court decide in the case of Browder v. Gayle?
answer
Segregation in public transportation was unconstitutional
question
Which of the following is true about the Civil Rights Act of 1957?
answer
The act created a commission to study infringements on black voting
question
How did Arkansas Orville Faubus react to the Brown decision?
answer
He tried to keep blacks from attending the local high school by posting the National Guard there, and closing the schools down
question
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 not do?
answer
Restored all voting rights to African American men and women.
question
What did the 1965 Voting Rights Act not do?
answer
It created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
question
What did the case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakkeinvolve?
answer
a white man who said that the University of California's admission requirements discriminated against him
question
How did the Rodney King verdict show differences between whites and blacks regarding American justice?
answer
Blacks saw the acquittal of the police officers as an example of continued injustice while whites saw it as preserving law and order
question
What is true of Obama's winning percentage for the election of 2008?
answer
Obama received one of the largest winning percentages in American history
1965 Voting Rights Act
Military History
Modern World History
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
World History
HIST 122 Study Quiz’s Ch 23-28 2015 – Flashcards 150 terms
150 terms
Preview
HIST 122 Study Quiz’s Ch 23-28 2015 – Flashcards
question
(Ch 23) Week 5 "The United States and the Cold War", The first confrontation of the Cold War took place in: a) Vietnam, when the French attempted to reestablish colonial rule. b) Japan, when Soviet troops tried to establish Tokyo as a joint occupational zone. c) North Korea, where Chinese communists imposed a strict authoritarian regime. d) the Middle East, when Soviet troops occupied northern Iran seeking access to oil fields. e) Latin America, where agrarian revolutionaries gained the upper hand thanks to Soviet aid.
answer
d) the Middle East, when Soviet troops occupied northern Iran seeking access to oil fields.
question
The "Iron Curtain": a) separated the free West from the communist East. b) divided East and West Germany. c) separated the United States from the Soviet Union. d) separated Japan from the rest of Asia. e) divided North and South Korea.
answer
a) separated the free West from the communist East.
question
In 1948, Eleanor Roosevelt chaired a committee to draft the: a) GI Bill of Rights. b) Economic Bill of Rights. c) Declaration of the Rights of Man. d) Universal Declaration of Human Rights. e) Civil Rights Act.
answer
d) Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
question
NSC-68: a) was directed at communist China. b) called for a massive reduction in U.S. military forces. c) called for a massive increase in U.S. military forces. d) was only suggested and never implemented. e) addressed the threat of communism at home.
answer
c) called for a massive increase in U.S. military forces.
question
All of the following statements about the Cold War's impact on American life are true EXCEPT: a) the Cold War reshaped immigration policy. b) the Cold War promoted the rapid expansion of higher education. c) Cold War policy supported scientific research in medicine and computers. d) the Cold War contributed to the dismantling of segregation. e) Cold War military spending weakened the economy.
answer
e) Cold War military spending weakened the economy.
question
Joseph McCarthy's downfall came as a result of: a) his speech in Wheeling, West Virginia. b) his claim of 205 communists working in the State Department. c) his hearings on the Defense Department. d) televised hearings involving the Army. e) the release of his fabricated war record.
answer
c) his hearings on the Defense Department.
question
The impact of the Cold War on the civil rights movement: a) was quite limited at the time. b) was beneficial because the Urban League accepted communists into its ranks. c) included government action against black leaders. d) caused the NAACP to enlist the aid of the Soviets. e) brought wider support for civil rights from southern Democrats who wanted to fight communism.
answer
c) included government action against black leaders.
question
Organized labor emerged as: a) a vocal critic of McCarthyism. b) a major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War. c) a radical wing of the Communist Party. d) a militant group willing to fight the Red Scare. e) the best informants for the FBI and HUAC.
answer
b) a major supporter of the foreign policy of the Cold War.
question
What reason did the Hollywood Ten give for not cooperating with the HUAC hearings? a) They were all communists and did want to indict themselves. b) Ronald Reagan had threatened that they would lose their jobs if they cooperated. c) They were all busy making movies and did not have time to attend the hearings. d) They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment. e) As Republicans, they were insulted that their loyalty was being questioned.
answer
d) They felt the hearings were a violation of the First Amendment.
question
After World War II ended, Japan: a) did not receive aid from the United States. b) received economic assistance from the Soviets. c) returned to its prewar political structure. d) received economic assistance from the United States. e) never recovered economically.
answer
d) received economic assistance from the United States.
question
In 1948, the Soviets began the Berlin Blockade: a) in response to the outbreak of disease. b) in response to the return of fascism. c) because the United States threatened to invade the Soviet Union. d) in response to the creation of East Germany. e) in response to the creation of West Germany.
answer
e) in response to the creation of West Germany.
question
The impact of the Cold War on American culture was: a) especially evident in the movies. b) limited in scope. c) discouraged in the public schools. d) widely criticized by the news media. e) felt mostly in the cities.
answer
a) especially evident in the movies.
question
The Marshall Plan: a) provided economic assistance to the Soviets. b) was a U.S.-Soviet program to rebuild Europe. c) offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments. d) was limited in scope and focused on West Germany. e) was largely unsuccessful for lack of support from Congress.
answer
c) offered economic assistance to noncommunist governments.
question
The Taft-Hartley Act: a) outlawed the closed shop. b) legalized sympathy strikes. c) strengthened the rights of organized labor. d) banned right-to-work laws. e) was supported by President Truman.
answer
a) outlawed the closed shop.
question
Which statement is true about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)? a) It was established in 1945, immediately after the war. b) The members refused to let West Germany join. c) The Soviet Union had tried in vain to be a member of NATO. d) This was one of many long-term military alliances between the United States and Europe. e) All the members pledged mutual defense against any future Soviet attack.
answer
e) All the members pledged mutual defense against any future Soviet attack.
question
The Truman Doctrine: a) advocated a return to isolationism. b) was an alliance between the United States and Great Britain. c) called for more cordial relations with the Soviet Union. d) committed the United States to fighting communism only in Asia. e) committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere.
answer
e) committed the United States to fighting communism anywhere.
question
After World War II, the only nation that could rival the United States was: a) the Soviet Union. b) Germany. c) Japan. d) Great Britain. e) France.
answer
a) the Soviet Union.
question
The McCarran-Walter Act: a) removed immigration quotas based on nationality. b) made immigration law much more flexible for Asians and Latinos. c) recognized the need for political asylum for refugees from South Africa. d) authorized the deportation of communists, including naturalized citizens. e) was supported by President Truman.
answer
d) authorized the deportation of communists, including naturalized citizens.
question
All of the following statements are true of the Fair Deal EXCEPT: a) the Fair Deal included a provision to expand public housing. b) Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans. c) the Fair Deal included a provision to increase the minimum wage. d) the Fair Deal included a provision to create a national health insurance program. e) the Fair Deal included a provision to expand Social Security coverage.
answer
b) Congress passed Truman's Fair Deal to raise the standard of living for Americans.
question
President Truman's civil rights plan called for all of the following EXCEPT: a) a permanent federal civil rights commission. b) national laws against lynching and the poll tax. c) equal access to jobs. d) reparations. e) equal access to education.
answer
d) reparations.
question
All of the following are enactments of the policy of containment EXCEPT: a) The Truman Doctrine. b) The Marshall Plan. c) The Berlin Airlift. d) The Korean War. e) The Warsaw Pact.
answer
e) The Warsaw Pact.
question
The Korean War: a) was a decisive victory for the United States. b) was a decisive victory for the North Koreans. c) demonstrated the strength of the United Nations. d) ended in a stalemate. e) highlighted the limited nature of the Cold War.
answer
d) ended in a stalemate.
question
The Dixiecrats: a) opposed segregation in the South. b) opposed desegregation in the South. c) dominated the Democratic Party in 1948. d) were led by Hubert Humphrey. e) supported Harry Truman in 1948.
answer
b) opposed desegregation in the South.
question
According to the policy of containment, as laid out by George Kennan, the: a) Soviets could have a free hand in international affairs. b) United States should invade the Soviet Union. c) United States was committed to preventing the spread of communism. d) United States was committed to preventing the spread of democracy. e) United States accepted the right of communism to exist anywhere.
answer
c) United States was committed to preventing the spread of communism.
question
The McCarran Internal Security Act: a) removed immigration quotas based on nationality. b) made immigration law much more flexible. c) recognized the need for political asylum. d) barred "totalitarians" from entering the United States. e) barred Mexican immigration.
answer
d) barred "totalitarians" from entering the United States.
question
(Ch 24) "An Affluent Society" During the Eisenhower administration, U.S.-Soviet relations: a) were made worse with the introduction of the policy of massive retaliation. b) improved somewhat after the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin. c) stayed about the same as those experienced during the Truman years. d) worsened considerably after the death of Stalin. e) improved immensely after the end of the Korean War.
answer
b) improved somewhat after the end of the Korean War and the death of Stalin.
question
During the 1950s, television: a) effectively spread images of working-class life to a growing number of Americans. b) tried to replace newspapers as the most common source of information but failed. c) became the nation's least favorite form of leisure activity. d) became an effective advertising medium. e) presented shows that were controversial.
answer
d) became an effective advertising medium.
question
Dwight D. Eisenhower was elected president in 1952 in part because he: a) pledged to use nuclear weapons in the Korean War. b) promised to dismantle the New Deal. c) supported civil rights. d) manifested a public image of fatherly warmth. e) promised to cut highway construction spending.
answer
d) manifested a public image of fatherly warmth.
question
William Levitt, with the help of the GI Bill, gave many Americans the opportunity to a) get an education. b) buy a home. c) buy a gray flannel suit. d) buy a car. e) advance within the military.
answer
b) buy a home.
question
President Eisenhower used the CIA to overthrow which Middle Eastern government in the early 1950s, in large part because this government attempted to nationalize British-owned oil fields? a) Iraq. b) Egypt. c) Israel. d) Iran. e) Saudi Arabia.
answer
d) Iran.
question
All of the following contributed to the emergence of the civil rights movement of the 1950s EXCEPT: a) the mass migration out of the South to the North beginning in World War I. b) the destabilization of the racial system during World War II. c) the Cold War, which demanded that the rhetoric of democracy be practiced in America. d) the rise of independent states in the Third World. e) President Truman's refusal to desegregate the military.
answer
e) President Truman's refusal to desegregate the military.
question
Which Supreme Court decision did Brown overturn? a) Plessy v. Ferguson. b) Muller v. Oregon. c) Yick Wo v. Hopkins. d) Roe v. Wade. e) Lochner v. New York.
answer
a) Plessy v. Ferguson.
question
The Montgomery Bus Boycott: a) was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat up to a white man. b) did not succeed in desegregating the public buses. c) propelled Thurgood Marshall into the national spotlight as a leader in the civil rights movement. d) marked the end of the civil rights movement. e) lasted less than two weeks.
answer
a) was sparked when Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give her seat up to a white man.
question
After World War II, the automobile: a) declined in use, and the Midwest suffered economically. b) became a status symbol only for the wealthy. c) remained a luxury, not a necessity of life. d) altered the American landscape. e) was replaced by the train as the preferred method of transportation.
answer
d) altered the American landscape.
question
In response to the court-ordered desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas: a) violence broke out, but President Eisenhower refused to send federal troops. b) violence broke out, and President Eisenhower sent in federal troops. c) high schools across the South became desegregated immediately. d) Governor Orval Faubus used the National Guard to protect the black students from angry whites. e) Governor Orval Faubus requested that federal troops be sent into Little Rock to end the violence.
answer
b) violence broke out, and President Eisenhower sent in federal troops.
question
To libertarian conservatives, freedom meant: a) first and foremost a moral condition. b) individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism. c) using government as a vehicle for social reform, ensuring an equal distribution of wealth. d) what it did in the late eighteenth century—the right to own property and to vote. e) racial equality and the end of a segregated society.
answer
b) individual autonomy, limited government, and unregulated capitalism.
question
The Southern Manifesto: a) rejected massive resistance. b) argued that southern states should not fly the Confederate flag over state capitol buildings. c) repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education. d) argued that the Brown v. Board of Education decision reinforced southern customs and traditions. e) argued that the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was unconstitutional.
answer
c) repudiated the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
question
Which statement best describes how the white South reacted to the Brown v. Board of Education decision? a) In opposition to integration, white southerners often burned down schools. b) While the general public was outraged, southern congressional politicians supported the Supreme Court's decisions. c) Southerners worked closely with the NAACP, cooperating when they could to integrate schools. d) Some states closed the public schools rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools. e) Southerners took it in stride, recognizing that the time had come for change.
answer
d) Some states closed the public schools rather than integrate, and offered white children the choice to opt out of integrated schools.
question
As a result of the Montgomery boycott in 1955-1956: a) blacks won the right to attend the school of their choice. b) the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was legal. c) the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was illegal. d) African-American women became less involved in the civil rights movement. e) Rosa Parks was sent to jail for over a year.
answer
c) the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public transportation was illegal.
question
After World War II, suburban growth: a) declined. b) increased dramatically, especially in California. c) occurred primarily in the South. d) was dominated by expensive housing. e) was discouraged by state and federal government policies.
answer
b) increased dramatically, especially in California.
question
In Brown v. Board of Education, what was Thurgood Marshall's main argument before the Supreme Court? a) That segregation did lifelong damage to black children, undermining their self-esteem. b) That Plessy v. Ferguson was an outdated ruling that needed to be updated. c) That the time had come to implement the promises of Reconstruction. d) That the white, southern politicians did not adequately provide for black schools, thereby violating the "but equal" part of the Plessy ruling. e) That children ought to attend the school that is closest to them, and Linda Brown lived within a mile of the "white" school and should be able to attend that school.
answer
a) That segregation did lifelong damage to black children, undermining their self-esteem.
question
The Housing Act of 1949: a) set a high income ceiling for eligibility. b) reinforced the concentration of poverty in nonwhite urban neighborhoods. c) ended the concentration of poverty in nonwhite urban neighborhoods. d) allowed growing numbers of blacks to move to the suburbs. e) paired with urban renewal programs, made American cities more diverse and prosperous.
answer
b) reinforced the concentration of poverty in nonwhite urban neighborhoods.
question
During the postwar suburban boom, African-Americans: a) experienced little, if any, discrimination, especially in the North. b) were encouraged to move into communities like Levittown, New York. c) were discriminated against only in the South. d) received special treatment if they were veterans. e) were often unable to receive financing for housing.
answer
e) were often unable to receive financing for housing.
question
Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's policy of massive retaliation: a) was part of the effort to rely more on conventional forces. b) eased tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. c) calmed the American public's fear of nuclear war. d) applied only to communist China. e) declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack.
answer
e) declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack.
question
In his 1961 farewell address, President Eisenhower warned Americans about: a) the military-industrial complex. b) the rise of organized crime. c) the increase in juvenile delinquency. d) environmental hazards. e) the slow pace of the civil rights movement.
answer
a) the military-industrial complex.
question
Between 1946 and 1960, the American gross national product: a) more than doubled, and wages increased. b) declined as wages stagnated. c) stayed about the same. d) returned to prewar levels. e) increased so dramatically that poverty was completely eliminated.
answer
a) more than doubled, and wages increased.
question
The 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon: a) was broadcast only on the radio. b) allowed Nixon to demonstrate his best qualities, thus winning the debate. c) showed Kennedy to be an ineffective speaker, and thus he lost. d) highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns. e) was little noticed at the time.
answer
d) highlighted the impact of television on political campaigns.
question
Why did Eisenhower intervene in Vietnam? a) To prevent the Japanese from colonizing Vietnam. b) To support Ho Chi Minh's nationalist movement. c) To prevent the French from restoring colonial rule. d) To support the Vietnamese people in their opposition to colonial rule. e) To prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist nation.
answer
e) To prevent Vietnam from becoming a communist nation.
question
The ability to influence the world with American goods and popular culture is called: a) hard power. b) coercive power. c) persuasive power. d) cultural power. e) soft power.
answer
e) soft power.
question
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference: a) was a coalition of white southerners who resisted desegregation. b) was a coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists who fought for desegregation. c) worked primarily on the local level. d) did not seek federal assistance. e) had the support of all southern congressmen.
answer
b) was a coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists who fought for desegregation.
question
(Ch 25) Week 6 "The Sixties" The Cuban Missile Crisis: a) brought the United States and the Soviets to the brink of nuclear war. b) brought the United States into Vietnam. c) revolved around the placement of missiles in the Soviet Union. d) revolved around the placement of missiles in the United States. e) occurred when Cuba threatened to attack the United States.
answer
a) brought the United States and the Soviets to the brink of nuclear war.
question
Chicano farm workers found a powerful advocate in: a) the bracero program. b) Cesar Chavez. c) Mario Savio. d) Carlos Bulosan. e) the Border Patrol.
answer
b) Cesar Chavez.
question
During the Bay of Pigs invasion: a) the CIA failed in its mission. b) Eisenhower suspended trade with Cuba. c) the CIA restored Fulgencio Batista to power. d) a popular uprising of anti-Castro Cubans toppled Castro's regime. e) Fidel Castro took over American landholdings.
answer
a) the CIA failed in its mission.
question
The legacies of the 1960s include: a) fewer personal freedoms. b) a transformation in the status of women. c) the return of school prayer. d) an end to the welfare state. e) mass conformity.
answer
b) a transformation in the status of women.
question
The Gulf of Tonkin resolution: a) authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam. b) authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Cuba. c) was a formal declaration of war. d) called for an immediate end to the hostilities in Southeast Asia. e) had little Senate support at the time.
answer
a) authorized the president to take "all necessary measures to repel armed attack" in Vietnam.
question
On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated: a) while in Memphis, supporting a garbage workers' strike. b) as he launched the Poor People's Campaign in Dallas. c) and while the nation mourned his death, there was no violence. d) and congressional support for the Open Housing Act declined. e) and no one was ever charged for the crime.
answer
a) while in Memphis, supporting a garbage workers' strike.
question
During Freedom Summer: a) very few white college students participated. b) only black activists participated in the voter registration campaign. c) signers of the Southern Manifesto launched a campaign against integration. d) a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi. e) there was little violence.
answer
d) a coalition of civil rights groups launched a voter registration drive in Mississippi.
question
The Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision: a) created a woman's constitutional right to an abortion. b) was the least controversial piece of the rights revolution. c) provoked little opposition. d) declared school prayer was unconstitutional. e) legalized birth control.
answer
a) created a woman's constitutional right to an abortion.
question
In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which: a) prohibited both racial and sexual discrimination in employment and public institutions. b) prohibited racial discrimination in private organizations. c) prohibited only sexual discrimination in the armed forces. d) was passed over President Johnson's veto. e) had the full support of Congress.
answer
a) prohibited both racial and sexual discrimination in employment and public institutions.
question
The free speech movement: a) failed in its efforts to establish free speech on college campuses. b) began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political groups convening and distributing literature at a central meeting place. c) began in Los Angeles to protest a campus ban on political literature. d) began in Port Huron to protest a campus ban on political literature. e) had little support among college-age students at the time.
answer
b) began in Berkeley to protest a campus ban on political groups convening and distributing literature at a central meeting place.
question
By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam: a) was less than in 1965. b) was decreasing as the peace process accelerated. c) exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal. d) was reduced, as President Johnson considered running for another term. e) was of little concern to most Americans.
answer
c) exceeded half a million as the war became more brutal.
question
The Great Society: a) included Lyndon Johnson's crusade to end poverty in America. b) was John F. Kennedy's initiative to end poverty in America. c) promised a guaranteed income for all Americans. d) was seen as impossible to achieve. e) included a national health insurance plan for all Americans.
answer
a) included Lyndon Johnson's crusade to end poverty in America.
question
In his 1968 election campaign, Richard Nixon appealed to the: a) moral majority. b) New Left. c) Progressive Republicans. d) new feminists. e) silent majority.
answer
e) silent majority.
question
Malcolm X: a) supported integration efforts. b) worked with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. c) insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy. d) felt that the Black Power movement went too far. e) was inspired by the efforts of Booker T. Washington.
answer
c) insisted that blacks have economic and political autonomy.
question
In 1966, the Supreme Court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona that: a) suspects could not refuse to cooperate with police. b) local elections could be monitored by federal officials. c) states must permit interracial marriage. d) those in police custody had certain rights. e) school prayer was unconstitutional.
answer
d) those in police custody had certain rights.
question
Which event marked the turning point in the Vietnam conflict, forcing Lyndon Johnson to change course and pull out of the upcoming presidential race? a) The Tet offensive. b) Operation Rolling Thunder. c) The invasion of Cambodia. d) The Gulf of Tonkin. e) Revelations about the My Lai massacre.
answer
a) The Tet offensive.
question
When Birmingham police chief Bull Connor used nightsticks, high-pressure hoses, and attack dogs on young civil rights protesters: a) there was little public response. b) there was a public outcry only in the North. c) there was a wave of revulsion globally. d) President Kennedy abandoned his support for the civil rights movement. e) U.S. attorney general Robert Kennedy asked Martin Luther King Jr. to stop the protests.
answer
c) there was a wave of revulsion globally.
question
The Freedom Rides: a) were launched by CORE to desegregate interstate bus travel. b) were ignored by law enforcement and the public in the South c) had little effect on segregation in the South. d) were successful only in the North. e) were the journeys made by blacks as part of their mass migration to the North.
answer
a) were launched by CORE to desegregate interstate bus travel.
question
The 1965 Voting Rights Act: a) banned discrimination at national party conventions. b) empowered local officials to supervise voter registration. c) empowered federal officials to oversee voter registration. d) was vetoed by President Johnson. e) was proposed but never passed by Congress.
answer
c) empowered federal officials to oversee voter registration.
question
The National Organization for Women (NOW) campaigned for all of the following EXCEPT: a) an end to the mass media's false image of women. b) equal job opportunities for women. c) equal educational opportunities. d) equal opportunities in politics. e) an end to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
answer
e) an end to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
question
In 1967, the Supreme Court ruled in Loving v. Virginia that: a) suspects could refuse to cooperate with police. b) local elections could be monitored by federal officials. c) state laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional. d) those in police custody had certain rights. e) school prayer was unconstitutional.
answer
c) state laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional.
question
Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" declared that: a) the civil rights movement had become too violent and had to stop. b) the white moderate had to put aside his fear of disorder and commit to racial justice. c) the federal government was solely responsible for the violence in the South. d) the white clergy in the South had done a tremendous job at fighting Jim Crow. e) he was abandoning his policy of civil disobedience and peaceful demonstration.
answer
b) the white moderate had to put aside his fear of disorder and commit to racial justice.
question
Johnson's War on Poverty included all of the following programs EXCEPT: a) Head Start. b) A jobs program for unemployed Americans. c) VISTA, a domestic Peace Corps. d) The Office of Economic Opportunity. e) Food stamps.
answer
b) A jobs program for unemployed Americans.
question
After the Stonewall riot: a) gay men and lesbians divided into two separate political movements. b) the gay liberation movement came to an end. c) prejudice against lesbians ended. d) a militant gay liberation movement was born. e) prejudice against gay men increased.
answer
d) a militant gay liberation movement was born.
question
The counterculture of the 1960s can best be described as: a) a rejection of mainstream values. b) a quest for group identity. c) a movement in search of purity. d) a movement that emphasized the ideal of homogeneity. e) a movement that rejected consumer culture.
answer
a) a rejection of mainstream values.
question
(Ch 26) "The Triumph of Conservatism" The Iran-Contra affair: a) had the approval of Congress and the American public. b) was the greatest achievement of the Reagan administration. c) was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration. d) resulted in impeachment charges against Ronald Reagan. e) refers to the U.S. efforts to overthrow the shah of Iran.
answer
c) was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration.
question
When he assumed the presidency, Richard Nixon announced a new policy regarding the Vietnam War known as: a) Détente. b) Americanization. c) Vietnamization. d) Massive retaliation. e) The New Look.
answer
c) Vietnamization.
question
The election of 1980 reflected: a) the end of conservatism. b) the validation of big government. c) a return to progressivism. d) growing frustration over America's condition. e) a referendum for the ERA.
answer
d) growing frustration over America's condition.
question
In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter pursued all of the following policies EXCEPT: a) boycotting the Moscow Olympics. b) breaking off diplomatic relations with Pakistan. c) placing an embargo on grain exports to the Soviet Union. d) funneling aid to fundamentalist Muslims in Afghanistan who fought a guerilla war against the Soviets. e) dramatically increased American military spending.
answer
b) breaking off diplomatic relations with Pakistan.
question
By the end of Reagan's second term in office, he viewed the Soviet Union: a) as an evil empire. b) with great disdain. c) as an expansionist power. d) as a strong ally. e) with much less suspicion.
answer
e) with much less suspicion.
question
President Carter's foreign policy emphasized: a) the need to fight communism around the world. b) the policy of containment. c) the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America. d) an increased military presence in Southeast Asia. e) human rights as a diplomatic priority.
answer
e) human rights as a diplomatic priority.
question
The 1971 ruling Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education led to the: a) use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration. b) implementation of affirmative action in higher education. c) first female students admitted into Yale and Harvard. d) reversal of the Brown v. Board of Education decision. e) firing of suspected communist professors in universities.
answer
a) use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration.
question
Which nation held fifty-three Americans hostage from November 1979 until January 1981? a) Saudi Arabia. b) Nicaragua. c) El Salvador. d) Iran. e) Libya.
answer
d) Iran.
question
Reagan's economic program, known as "supply-side economics" relied on: a) tax cuts and high interest rates. b) tax increases and low interest rates. c) tax cuts specifically for low-income Americans. d) increased environmental regulations. e) increased regulation of workplace safety.
answer
a) tax cuts and high interest rates.
question
Richard Nixon's New Federalism: a) proposed a decrease in funding for Social Security. b) called for a reduction in all government spending and a balanced budget. c) proposed that a system of block grants be assigned to states to spend as they saw fit. d) demanded that the federal government administer all aid, even on the local level. e) proposed that no new federal agencies be created.
answer
c) proposed that a system of block grants be assigned to states to spend as they saw fit.
question
In a historic move, in 1972 President Nixon opened diplomatic relations with: a) Taiwan. b) China. c) The Soviet Union. d) Cuba. e) North Vietnam.
answer
b) China.
question
The Equal Rights Amendment: a) passed Congress but failed ratification. b) passed Congress and was ratified by the required 38 states. c) had the support of all American women. d) had little support from American men. e) was supported by Phyllis Schlafly.
answer
a) passed Congress but failed ratification.
question
The opponents of the ERA defined freedom for women as: a) being within the public sphere. b) the right to control their own bodies. c) residing in the roles of wife and mother. d) economic opportunity. e) the right to an easy divorce.
answer
c) residing in the roles of wife and mother.
question
Under the Nixon administration, the United States: a) supported the government of Salvador Allende in Chile. b) boycotted South Africa to protest apartheid. c) supported democratic reforms in Iran. d) continued to undermine Third World governments. e) focused its foreign policy on Southeast Asia.
answer
d) continued to undermine Third World governments.
question
Domestically, President Gerald Ford: a) was successful at reviving the American economy. b) introduced programs that encouraged growth in the manufacturing sector. c) reversed the economic policies of his predecessor. d) restored Americans' confidence in their nation, as business boomed. e) failed to revive the economy.
answer
e) failed to revive the economy.
question
The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis: a) was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter. b) restored Americans' confidence in their nation. c) made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept. d) made Ronald Reagan appear weak and inept. e) ended with the signing of the Camp David Accords.
answer
c) made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept.
question
When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into: a) the psychiatrist Daniel Ellsberg's office. b) the Washington Post's headquarters. c) the Democratic Party headquarters. d) George McGovern's apartment. e) the Committee to Reelect the President's (CREEP's) headquarters.
answer
c) the Democratic Party headquarters.
question
Reagan's economic policies: a) expanded food stamps and school lunch programs. b) enlarged government revenue. c) decreased the national debt. d) strengthened labor unions. e) resulted in a rise in economic inequality.
answer
e) resulted in a rise in economic inequality.
question
In 1972, Congress passed Title IX, which: a) was passed over President Nixon's veto. b) banned racial discrimination in higher education. c) banned gender discrimination in higher education. d) banned gender discrimination in the workplace. e) guaranteed women equal access to pay.
answer
c) banned gender discrimination in higher education.
question
In foreign policy, Reagan: a) opposed "authoritarian" noncommunist regimes. b) embraced Carter's emphasis on human rights. c) decreased military spending. d) called for a halt to the development of nuclear weapons. e) initiated the largest military buildup in American history.
answer
e) initiated the largest military buildup in American history.
question
During the 1970s, conservatives: a) continued their overt opposition to the black struggle for racial justice. b) insisted on more local control and resisted the power of the federal government. c) employed the fiery rhetoric and direct confrontation tactics of Bull Connor and George Wallace. d) made little progress. e) appealed primarily to urban Americans.
answer
b) insisted on more local control and resisted the power of the federal government.
question
Voters approved Proposition 13 in California, a law that banned: a) Mexican immigration. b) bilingual education in public schools. c) abortions. d) further increases in property taxes. e) issuing drivers licenses to illegal aliens.
answer
d) further increases in property taxes.
question
Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court were intended to: a) continue the liberal trend set by the Warren Court. b) be balanced with conservatives and liberals. c) lead the court in a conservative direction. d) break gender barriers by his appointment of the first female justice. e) appease the Democrats, since he had to work with them in Congress on other issues.
answer
c) lead the court in a conservative direction.
question
The Reagan Revolution: a) included an emphasis on global human rights. b) introduced an expanded welfare state. c) strengthened the labor movement. d) included cuts to government programs. e) had little appeal for most Americans.
answer
d) included cuts to government programs.
question
Nixon's Family Assistance Plan: a) proposed to guarantee a minimum income for all Americans. b) won approval by Congress. c) was seen as too radical by liberals. d) replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children. e) was seen as inadequate by conservatives.
answer
a) proposed to guarantee a minimum income for all Americans.
question
(Ch 27) Week 8 "Globalization and Its Discontents" The third-party candidate Ross Perot: a) received few votes in the 1992 presidential election. b) criticized only President Bush's foreign policy. c) ran as a Progressive Party candidate. d) received the least votes for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt. e) received the most votes for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt.
answer
e) received the most votes for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt.
question
What is a visible sign of Native American quasi-sovereignty? a) Casinos. b) Reservations. c) Citizenship. d) Increase in professional jobs. e) Political participation.
answer
a) Casinos.
question
By the start of the twenty-first century, the largest minority group in the United States was: a) Cambodian. b) Filipino. c) Chinese. d) African-American. e) Latino.
answer
e) Latino.
question
By the start of the twenty-first century, dot coms symbolized the: a) continued economic vitality of the computer revolution. b) lasting positive social impact of the computer revolution. c) negative impact of stock speculation among technology companies. d) stabilization of the stock market. e) potential increase in manufacturing jobs in the United States.
answer
c) negative impact of stock speculation among technology companies.
question
By the year 2000, the AIDS epidemic: a) affected only homosexuals and transgender Americans. b) affected only drug users and hemophiliacs. c) was spreading less rapidly among gay Americans. d) brought an end to the gay rights movement. e) had been brought under control around the world.
answer
c) was spreading less rapidly among gay Americans.
question
Casey v. Planned Parenthood of Pennsylvania: a) upheld the view that those who used violence against abortion clinics had to be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. b) ruled that a woman had to inform her husband before getting an abortion. c) overturned Roe v. Wade. d) repudiated the centuries-old claim that a husband had a legal claim to control the body of his wife. e) was a triumph for supporters of the pro-life position.
answer
d) repudiated the centuries-old claim that a husband had a legal claim to control the body of his wife.
question
By the end of the 1990s, the American economy: a) was characterized by rising employment rates and declining income for poor and middle-class Americans. b) went into a deep depression as the federal deficit forced up interest rates. c) boomed as workers' wages rose and the savings rate of Americans increased. d) thrived as union membership increased and the labor market grew more "sticky." e) was strongest in rural areas as computer technologies allowed companies to move into more remote locations.
answer
a) was characterized by rising employment rates and declining income for poor and middle-class Americans.
question
Countless corporate scandals and stock frauds stemmed directly from the 1999 repeal of which New Deal measure? a) The Glass-Steagall Act. b) The Federal Communications Act. c) The Securities and Exchange Act. d) The Reconstruction Finance Corporation. e) The Bank Holiday Act.
answer
a) The Glass-Steagall Act.
question
What were the student protesters who occupied Tiananmen Square in Beijing in June 1989 demanding? a) Fair wages and better working conditions. b) Suspension of martial law imposed earlier that year. c) An end to communism in China. d) Freedom for Taiwan. e) Greater democracy.
answer
e) Greater democracy.
question
Militia groups arose in America during the 1990s: a) to protest the increasing influence of the Christian Coalition. b) and engaged in acts of domestic terrorism. c) but were quickly eliminated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). d) but posed no immediate threat to the nation. e) and were based primarily in the Northeast.
answer
b) and engaged in acts of domestic terrorism.
question
What spurred the new economy? a) The automobile. b) Housing. c) NAFTA. d) Television. e) The computer.
answer
e) The computer.
question
By the end of 1991, Soviet attempts at economic reform had created chaos, and the: a) Soviet military staged a successful coup. b) Soviet Union dissolved, ending the Cold War. c) United States had to intervene with financial aid. d) Soviets sought U.S. assistance. e) Soviets turned to the United Nations for help.
answer
b) Soviet Union dissolved, ending the Cold War.
question
____________ has been called "the concept of the 1990s." a) Liberty b) Money c) Technology d) Globalization e) Liberalism
answer
d) Globalization
question
Bill Clinton's foreign policy centered on: a) elevating human rights to a central place in international relations. b) defeating the few pockets of communism left in the world. c) taking a hard line against economic competitors like Mexico and Canada. d) building what he called a New World Order. e) preemptive strikes to weed out dictatorial leaders that posed a threat to American security.
answer
a) elevating human rights to a central place in international relations.
question
Operation Desert Storm: a) quickly drove the Iraqi army out of Kuwait. b) ousted Saddam Hussein from power. c) lacked a clear strategic political goal. d) was criticized by the United Nations. e) quickly drove the Iraqi army out of Iran.
answer
a) quickly drove the Iraqi army out of Kuwait.
question
Whose election campaign director was fond of the saying "It's the economy, stupid"? a) Bob Dole's. b) George H. W. Bush's. c) Pat Buchanan's. d) John Anderson's. e) Bill Clinton's.
answer
e) Bill Clinton's.
question
President Bill Clinton: a) abolished child poverty. b) terminated the food stamp program. c) ended public housing programs. d) replaced welfare with state grants. e) initiated diplomatic ties with China.
answer
d) replaced welfare with state grants.
question
The 1995 truck bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City was organized by: a) militant African-American separatists. b) a left-wing paramilitary group. c) a far-right private militia group. d) Islamic fundamentalists. e) Osama bin Laden.
answer
c) a far-right private militia group.
question
The term "pay gap" refers to the difference in: a) pay differences between workers and CEOs. b) pay rates for skilled and unskilled workers. c) pay rates between men and women. d) pay gaps between new hires and senior employees. e) the difference between gross income and take-home pay.
answer
c) pay rates between men and women.
question
The 2000 presidential race between George W. Bush and Al Gore was: a) finally decided by the Supreme Court. b) decided by the Florida Attorney General. c) in question because of voter fraud in Florida. d) a landslide victory for Bush. e) finally decided by the U.S. Senate.
answer
a) finally decided by the Supreme Court.
question
In the 1990s, school segregation: a) declined as the nation became more diverse. b) was on the rise. c) was less widespread than it had been in 1970. d) declined because the Supreme Court ruled that school funding could no longer rest on property taxes. e) was not a problem in the North.
answer
b) was on the rise.
question
In 1992, Bill Clinton secured the Democratic nomination for president because he: a) promised to expand welfare. b) pledged to continue the policies of President Bush in the Middle East. c) combined social liberalism with elements of conservatism. d) promised to restrict access to abortion. e) did not support gay rights.
answer
c) combined social liberalism with elements of conservatism.
question
During the 1990s, twenty-three states passed laws: a) legalizing gay marriage. b) limiting the rights of gay, lesbian, and bisexual Americans. c) banning all abortions except for medical emergencies. d) making English the official language. e) raising the drinking age to twenty-one.
answer
d) making English the official language.
question
At the end of the twentieth century, the Christian Coalition: a) was a major force in Republican Party politics. b) reversed its long-standing opposition to abortion. c) declined in numbers but grew more vocal at the same time. d) campaigned for the introduction of a national tax funding community churches. e) dominated the Democratic Party.
answer
a) was a major force in Republican Party politics.
question
The abortion rate declined throughout the 1990s, largely because: a) of the successful efforts of the pro-life campaign. b) there are few doctors who will perform abortions. c) of the success of abstinence campaigns. d) teenagers had increasing access to contraception. e) there was a large conversion to Catholicism.
answer
d) teenagers had increasing access to contraception.
question
(Ch 28) Who among the cabinet members strongly urged President Bush to ban torture in the war on terror—with certain exceptions provided? a) Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. b) Secretary of State Colin Powell. c) National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice. d) Vice President Dick Cheney. e) Central Intelligence Director George Tenet.
answer
b) Secretary of State Colin Powell.
question
President George W. Bush insisted that the war on terror was: a) not a war on crime. b) not a war on Islam. c) not a war on women. d) not a war against Afghanistan. e) not related to the war in Iraq.
answer
b) not a war on Islam.
question
All of the following statements about President Obama's first year in office are true EXCEPT: a) The Obama administration abolished the military tribunals Bush had established. b) The Obama administration barred the use of torture. c) The Obama administration passed a "stimulus" package amounting to nearly $800 billion in new government spending. d) The Obama administration poured taxpayer money into failing banks and assumed responsibility for the banks' debts. e) The Obama administration dispatched more American troops to Afghanistan.
answer
a) The Obama administration abolished the military tribunals Bush had established.
question
Early in 2003, President Bush announced that the United States would go to war against Iraq: a) with the full support of the United Nations. b) because its dictator Saddam Hussein had ordered the terrorist attacks on September 11. c) because it was believed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction. d) with the full support of the international community. e) and unlike during the Vietnam War, an antiwar movement did not develop.
answer
c) because it was believed that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.
question
Operation Enduring Freedom was launched in October 2001: a) against Afghanistan, because the nation was harboring Osama bin Laden. b) against Saudi Arabia, because they were harboring Osama bin Laden. c) against Afghanistan, because the United States did not approve of the Taliban's treatment of women. d) against Afghanistan, because the Afghan government had ordered the terrorist attacks of September 11. e) as a way to combat rising unemployment.
answer
a) against Afghanistan, because the nation was harboring Osama bin Laden.
question
In 2001-2002, all of the following policymakers were determined to oust Hussein from power EXCEPT: a) Dick Cheney. b) Donald Rumsfeld. c) Colin Powell. d) Paul Wolfowitz. e) George W. Bush.
answer
c) Colin Powell.
question
In the midst of the stock market crash of 2008 and the housing crisis, most Americans: a) cut back on spending, leading to business failures and a rapid rise in unemployment. b) bought up stock in Lehman Brothers. c) invested in property as housing prices increased. d) attempted to invest in mortgage-based securities. e) were confident that the economic crisis would be short-lived.
answer
a) cut back on spending, leading to business failures and a rapid rise in unemployment.
question
After the September 11 attacks, who authorized the National Security Agency (NSA) to listen to domestic telephone conversations without a court warrant? a) Defense Secretary Rumsfeld. b) State Secretary Powell. c) National Security Advisor Rice. d) President Bush. e) Central Intelligence Director Tenet.
answer
d) President Bush.
question
By mid-2003, the American economy: a) had fully recovered from the impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11. b) was slowly recovering, as the number of new jobs increased. c) was mixed, as the recession ended but the unemployment rate rose. d) was especially strong in the technology sector. e) rebounded, as fewer jobs went overseas.
answer
c) was mixed, as the recession ended but the unemployment rate rose.
question
What happened at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq? a) American soldiers were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for their conduct under tough circumstances. b) Over 100 Al Qaeda prisoners escaped in an elaborate scheme, embarrassing the United States. c) Saddam Hussein was tried and hanged by an American military tribunal. d) Under the supervision of U.S. military personnel, many prisoners were mistreated, humiliated, and tortured; some even died. e) It was blown up in an insurgency attack, killing the United Nations' chief ambassador to Iraq.
answer
d) Under the supervision of U.S. military personnel, many prisoners were mistreated, humiliated, and tortured; some even died.
question
The USA Patriot Act: a) overhauled airport security measures. b) expanded the rights of law enforcement agencies to conduct secret searches and detain suspected aliens. c) required every American to swear a loyalty oath. d) ceased all Islamic immigration into the United States. e) was vetoed by George W. Bush for violating civil liberties, but his veto was overridden by Congress.
answer
b) expanded the rights of law enforcement agencies to conduct secret searches and detain suspected aliens.
question
In a September 20, 2001 speech, President Bush announced that "freedom and ____________ are at war." a) tyranny b) communism c) Islam d) fear e) evil
answer
d) fear
question
Senator John McCain, the Republican nominee, selected Sarah Palin as his running mate: a) because she was a Washington insider with extensive political experience. b) because he sought to draw Democratic women into the Republican Party. c) because her attacks on Americans as being unpatriotic, lacking traditional values, and not representing the "real America" proved extremely popular with the Democratic Party's base. d) because she lacked familiarity with many domestic and foreign policy issues. e) because she was a third-term senator from Alaska.
answer
b) because he sought to draw Democratic women into the Republican Party.
question
The Hurricane Katrina disaster highlighted which of the following to Americans in 2005? a) The housing crisis was a minor problem compared to natural disaster. b) Global warming required immediate action and generous government funds. c) The nation and its economic recovery remained dependent on the price of oil. d) Racial segregation in the lower wards of New Orleans had not changed since the 1950s. e) A Democratically dominated Congress was as unsympathetic to the poor as a Republican one.
answer
c) The nation and its economic recovery remained dependent on the price of oil.
question
In the 2008 election, when Barack Obama "redrew the nation's political map": a) he only won in Democratic strongholds. b) he did extremely well in cities. c) he only won in the North and West. d) he won in states that had been reliably Republican for years as well as in Democratic strongholds. e) he won 53 percent of the popular vote and a large majority in the Electoral College.
answer
d) he won in states that had been reliably Republican for years as well as in Democratic strongholds.
question
During his first year in office, George W. Bush: a) raised tax rates for wealthy Americans. b) sponsored legislation to protect the environment. c) supported the accelerated reduction of nuclear weapons. d) had the full support of Congress, which had a commanding Republican majority. e) persuaded Congress to enact the largest tax cut in American history.
answer
e) persuaded Congress to enact the largest tax cut in American history.
question
All of the following contributed to the banking crisis of 2008 EXCEPT: a) The Federal Reserve Bank had kept interest rates at unprecedentedly low levels. b) Banks and other lending institutions issued "subprime" mortgages. c) Wall Street bankers developed complex ways of repackaging and selling "subprime" mortgages to investors. d) The Federal Reserve Bank and other regulatory agencies slowed the speculative frenzy. e) Public and private policies favored economic speculation and get-rich-quick schemes.
answer
d) The Federal Reserve Bank and other regulatory agencies slowed the speculative frenzy.
question
In response to the nation's economic woes, the Bush administration: a) did nothing. b) raised taxes and interest rates. c) raised taxes but cut interest rates. d) cut taxes but raised interest rates. e) cut taxes and interest rates.
answer
e) cut taxes and interest rates.
question
In response to the terrorist attacks on Washington, D.C., and New York City on September 11, 2001, President Bush: a) appealed to the United Nations to start peace talks. b) declared a war on terrorism. c) declared war on Saudi Arabia. d) declared war on all Muslim countries. e) disbanded the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
answer
b) declared a war on terrorism.
question
How did immigrants respond to the House of Representatives bill that made it a felony to be in the country illegally and a crime to offer aid to illegal immigrants? a) They put on a series of massive popular demonstrations demanding their right to remain in the United States. b) They largely ignored it. c) They began a mass exodus out of the United States. d) They threatened major border crossings with bomb threats. e) They petitioned Bush for sympathy since he had been governor of Texas.
answer
a) They put on a series of massive popular demonstrations demanding their right to remain in the United States.
question
What did the Justice Department label the captured members of Al Qaeda in order to get around the Geneva Conventions? a) Prisoners of an insurgency. b) Detainees. c) Army regulars. d) Rebel forces. e) Unlawful combatants.
answer
e) Unlawful combatants.
question
What made Barack Obama's presidential campaign "the first political campaign of the twenty-first century"? a) Its widespread use of the Internet to raise money and communicate directly with voters. b) Its use of televised debates. c) Its use of television advertisements. d) Its use of direct calling. e) Its use of direct mailings.
answer
a) Its widespread use of the Internet to raise money and communicate directly with voters.
question
Early in Bush's first term, his administration did which of the following? a) Signed a new Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union. b) Rejected the Kyoto Protocol. c) Established a new international criminal court. d) Raised taxes to balance the budget. e) Banned drilling for oil in Alaska's Artic National Wildlife Refuge.
answer
b) Rejected the Kyoto Protocol.
question
Which of the following statements about Saddam Hussein turned out to be true? a) He possessed a mobile chemical weapons laboratory. b) He had hidden weapons of mass destruction in his many palaces. c) He was a horrible tyrant who ruled Iraq ruthlessly. d) He was hiding in his palace as a safe haven from the war. e) He was seeking to acquire uranium in Africa to build nuclear weapons.
answer
c) He was a horrible tyrant who ruled Iraq ruthlessly.
question
Which state's supreme court ruled that homosexual marriages must receive legal recognition, spurring a moral values debate during the 2004 presidential election? a) Vermont. b) California. c) Florida. d) Oregon. e) Massachusetts.
answer
e) Massachusetts.
1965 Voting Rights Act
Business Management
Equal Protection Under The Law
Human Resources Management
Separate But Equal Doctrine
Chapter 5 Practice Quiz Answers – Flashcards 62 terms
62 terms
Preview
Chapter 5 Practice Quiz Answers – Flashcards
question
Civil rights prevent discrimination on the basis of
answer
race, gender, and religion.
question
Which amendment defines citizens as "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" and guarantees the same privileges and immunities for all citizens?
answer
the Fourteenth Amendment
question
Which of the following prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote?
answer
the grandfather clause
question
What was the first successful challenge to the separate but equal doctrine established by the Supreme Court?
answer
Brown v. Board of Education
question
Which organization(s) played an active role in the civil rights movements in the second half of the twentieth century?
answer
NOW, NAACP, and AIM
question
Native Americans were granted the rights of United States citizens in
answer
1924
question
Unlike European immigrants, Asian immigrants were for many years denied the right to
answer
become citizens
question
Which of the following groups lacks legal protection to equal access to employment, housing, and public accommodation?
answer
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered citizens
question
The 1965 Voting Rights Act (VRA) was devised to address the fact that in some southern counties less than ________ of all eligible African Americans were registered to vote.
answer
one-third
question
Which of the following established women's right to equal pay?
answer
the Equal Pay Act
question
In the employment arena, an intentional effort to recruit, hire, train, and promote underutilized categories of workers is referred to as
answer
affirmative action
question
Which of the following is a civil right?
answer
the right to equal protection under the law
question
Which of the following tests would be used to evaluate state laws regarding minimum ages for the right to marry, obtain a drivers license, or purchase alcohol?
answer
ordinary scrutiny
question
The Supreme Court concept of suspect classifications suggests that
answer
laws that classify people differently on the basis of their race or ethnicity are presumed to have discrimination as their purpose.
question
Which of the following statements is true regarding civil rights granted to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender citizens?
answer
Less than half of the states have passed antidiscrimination laws that guarantee LGBT citizens equal access to employment, housing, and public accommodations.
question
The federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) passed by Congress and signed by President Clinton in 1996
answer
declared that the federal government did not recognize same-sex marriages or require states to recognize them either.
question
Which of the following is true of hate crime laws?
answer
Not all the state laws related to hate crime cover gender identity.
question
What was the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sanford decision?
answer
It denied African-American slaves the rights of citizens.
question
In Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court claimed that separate but equal facilities did not disregard
answer
the equal protection clause
question
Which of the following exempted white voters from the literacy test and the poll tax?
answer
the grandfather clause
question
The Black Codes were laws that
answer
prevented freemen from voting.
question
What tactic did Martin Luther King, Jr. use to advocate for civil rights?
answer
civil disobedience
question
Which of the following established a standard of equality in employment opportunity on the basis of race, national origin, religion, and gender?
answer
the Civil Rights Act of 1964
question
Which of the following would an activist who was a part of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) during the early years of the twentieth century support or argue?
answer
The states have violated the equal protection clause by failing to make law and medical schools available to African Americans.
question
Why did the U.S. Supreme Court conclude that the separate but equal doctrine violated the equal protection clause?
answer
It created an inherently unequal segregated school system and a society.
question
What does the Montgomery bus boycott during the civil rights movement in America highlight?
answer
How the separate but equal doctrine segregated public facilities
question
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA)
answer
banned discriminatory voter registration practices, such as literacy tests.
question
Which of the following is an impact of the civil rights movement?
answer
An increase in the number of African Americans elected to serve in offices at the state and other levels
question
What is the role of a syllabus in a judicial opinion?
answer
It is not part of the opinion, but states its key points.
question
How long after the initial Brown decision was this additional opinion issued?
answer
About a year
question
On what grounds did the majority rule that school segregation violated the Constitution?
answer
violation of the Fourteenth Amendment
question
Which of the following factors did the Court not list as something that might require additional time for compliance?
answer
racial animus
question
Who appoints federal examiners under this statute?
answer
a federal court
question
The Voting Rights Act was passed roughly how long after the Fifteenth Amendment?
answer
a century
question
Section 4(a) applies only to those states that
answer
had less than 50% voter registration or participation in the 1964 election.
question
The purpose of Section 4(e) is to ensure that people are not prevented from voting on the basis of
answer
language.
question
What are the criminal penalties for violations of this act?
answer
fines and/or imprisonment
question
In order for a voting test or device to survive under this act, it must be shown that neither its purpose nor its effect is to discriminate on the basis of
answer
race
question
As of December 7, 1868, which of the following bodies had ratified the Fifteenth Amendment?
answer
both the House and the Senate
question
What is the main focus of the Fifteenth Amendment?
answer
voting rights
question
What level of supermajority is required for a proposed constitutional amendment to pass Congress?
answer
two thirds
question
In the 19th century, which segments of the U.S. population endured a "previous condition of servitude"?
answer
african Americans
question
In the case of ________, the Supreme Court first used the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to find a law discriminating against women unconstitutional.
answer
Reed v. Reed
question
Which of the following amendments was added to the U.S. Constitution to prohibit the national and state governments from abridging or denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex?
answer
The Nineteenth Amendment
question
Brenda believes that she is facing discrimination at her workplace, not just because she is a woman but also because she is a nonwhite American. What does the scenario best illustrate?
answer
Intersectionality
question
Which of the following individuals is protected by the American with Disabilities Act?
answer
a shopper in a wheelchair
question
Which of the following statements is true regarding the status of Native Americans' civil rights?
answer
They enjoy the protection of the Bill of Rights both on and off reservations.
question
Which of the following statements is true regarding the status of Asian Americans' civil rights?
answer
They are not well-represented in top positions despite high education levels
question
The initial focus of the Chicano Movement was to
answer
improve the lives of farm workers.
question
The policy of affirmative action requires organizations to
answer
diversify their workforces.
question
The personnel policies of Gate Run Corp. are designed to ensure that its workers and job candidates represent diverse characteristics like race, color, religion, national origin, and others. This eliminates discrimination in the hiring, training, and promoting processes. This effort made by Gate Run Corp. is referred to as
answer
affirmative action.
question
Why has affirmative action been criticized?
answer
It is believed to violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
question
The primary goal of the first wave of the women's rights movement was to secure
answer
the right to vote for women.
question
Discrimination against citizens of Latin American descent was similar to the discrimination faced by
answer
African Americans following Reconstruction.
question
Which of the following tests would be used to determine whether a law discriminates against Americans of Italian origin?
answer
strict scrutiny
question
Which of the following cases resulted in a ruling that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional?
answer
the Dred Scott case
question
Which of the following tactics were used to press the government to pass civil rights legislation in the second half of the twentieth century?
answer
the formation of interest groups, appealing to the federal court system, and civil disobedience
question
The passage of the 2008 Americans with Disabilities Amendment exemplifies an attempt by Congress to
answer
overrule the Supreme Court's conservative interpretation of the original law.
question
Ryan, a young African American man, was beaten up, tortured, and murdered by white supremacists. This fictitious scenario is an example of a(n)
answer
hate crime
question
Which of the following occurred during the Reconstruction era (1866-77)?
answer
The institutions and the infrastructure of the southern states were rebuilt.
question
Interest groups like Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), along with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), focused on
answer
building leadership skills of local AfricanAmerican citizens in southern communities.
question
The University of Baron has taken measures to ensure that its student body is diverse in terms of race, color, economic status, and other characteristics. This will make the students more tolerant toward each other and prepare them to function successfully in a work environment that is increasingly diverse. This effort to reduce discrimination is referred to as
answer
affirmative action.
1964 Civil Rights Act
1965 Voting Rights Act
1968 Presidential Election
Racial Discrimination In Housing
Taft Hartley Act Of 1947
Chapter 25 – study give me liberty all study questions/chronological – Flashcards 92 terms
92 terms
Preview
Chapter 25 – study give me liberty all study questions/chronological – Flashcards
question
In August 1961, the Berlin Wall was erected
answer
by the Soviet Union so that peoples from Eastern Bloc countries could not flee to West Berlin.
question
The 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibited all of the following, except
answer
racial discrimination in housing rental or sale.
question
The gelatinous form of gasoline that burns the skin of anyone exposed to it, which was dropped by American airplanes on enemy positions during the Vietnam War, was called
answer
napalm.
question
In The Conscience of a Conservative, Barry Goldwater argued for all of the following, except
answer
support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
question
What was the principal concern of John F. Kennedy's presidency?
answer
the vigorous conduct of the Cold War
question
What was the name for the 1965 immigration law that abandoned the national origins quota system, and established racially neutral criteria for immigration?
answer
Hart-Cellar Act
question
What was the April 1961 CIA-led invasion of Cuba to topple Fidel Castro that proved to be a total failure when, of the invading force of 1,400, 1,100 were captured and more than 100 killed?
answer
Bay of Pigs
question
Who was the marine biologist whose book, Silent Spring, spelled out how the insecticide DDT kills birds and other animals and causes sickness among humans, and who launched the modern environmental movement?
answer
Rachel Carson
question
Which was not part of President Johnson's 1965-1967 "Great Society"?
answer
the overturned Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
question
Which was not a goal of the August 28, 1963 March on Washington?
answer
an end to the use of the Grandfather Clause restricting suffrage
question
Which was not an event in the civil rights movement of 1963?
answer
James Meredith, a black student, entered the University of Mississippi.
question
The organization that launched the Freedom Rides, by which integrated groups traveled by bus into the deep South to test compliance with court orders banning segregation on interstate buses and trains was called the
answer
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).
question
What made the New Left new?
answer
It called for a democracy of citizen participation.
question
What was the first gay rights organization in the United States, founded in 1951 by Harry Hay?
answer
the Mattachine Society
question
What was the organization created by the Kennedy administration to aid the economic and educational progress of developing countries?
answer
the Peace Corps
question
Which of the following was not a central purpose of President Johnson's Great Society program?
answer
establishing a federally guaranteed annual income for every family
question
A leading motto of the Women's Liberation movement was
answer
"the personal is political."
question
Who was the leader of the United Farm Workers (UFW)—as much a movement for civil rights as a campaign for economic betterment—who, beginning in 1965, led nonviolent protests, including fasts, marches, and a national boycott of California grapes?
answer
Cesar Chavez
question
Which of the following was not one of the climactic moments of 1968?
answer
the Berkeley Free Speech Movement
question
Which was the organization that crafted The Port Huron Statement, criticized corporations, unions, and the military-industrial complex, and proclaimed "a democracy of individual participation"?
answer
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
question
The 1964 voter registration drive in Mississippi in which hundreds of white college students from the North participated was known as
answer
Freedom Summer.
question
The Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee's goals included
answer
replacing the culture of segregation with a "beloved community" of racial justice.
question
The 1967 United States Supreme Court decision that declared unconstitutional the laws in sixteen states that prohibited interracial marriage was
answer
Loving v. Virginia.
question
The 1968 Kerner Report blamed the widespread inner-city riots—occurring across the country from Harlem to Watts—on
answer
segregation, poverty, and "white racism."
question
The organization demanding greater Indian tribal self-government and the restoration of economic resources guaranteed in treaties, founded in 1968, was called
answer
the American Indian Movement.
question
Which of the following was not a target of the conservative "backlash" of the late Sixties?
answer
the growing power and militancy of organized labor
question
What was the title of the 1963 book by Betty Friedan that took as its theme the emptiness of consumer culture, and painted the suburban home as a "comfortable concentration camp" for women?
answer
The Feminine Mystique
question
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
answer
Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique; founding of National Organization for Women; Sisterhood is Powerful; Roe v. Wade
question
The United States Supreme Court ruling that an individual in police custody must be informed of the right to remain silent was
answer
Miranda v. Arizona.
question
The organizer of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in April 1960 was
answer
Ella Baker.
question
Which of the following was not a common theme of the antiwar movement
answer
Communism is preferable to democracy, so why fight it?
question
Which was not embraced by the "Black Power" movement of the mid-1960s?
answer
expansion of interracial coalition-building in SNCC and CORE
question
At the peak of the Vietnam war, the number of American troops in Vietnam was approximately
answer
500,000.
question
Who was the leading African American known for his fiery oratory, insistence that blacks control the political and economic resources of their communities, and who was assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam after he formed his own Organization of Afro-American Unity?
answer
Malcolm X
question
The Twenty-Fourth Amendment to the Constitution is the 1965 law that allowed federal officials to register voters.
answer
F
question
Following a 1969 police raid on the Stonewall Bar, a gathering place for homosexuals in New York City's Greenwich Village, five days of rioting occurred and a militant gay rights movement was born.
answer
T
question
The Vietnam War was the longest war in American history and the only war that the United States has lost.
answer
T
question
While serving a nine-day jail term in 1963 for violating a ban on demonstrations, Martin Luther King, Jr., wrote his eloquent plea for racial justice, Letter from a Birmingham Jail.
answer
T
question
The Free Speech movement was initiated at the University of Minnesota in 1964.
answer
F
question
In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court struck down all laws discriminating against homosexuals as a violation of the right to privacy
answer
F
question
With the sit-ins, college students stepped onto the stage of American history as a leading force for social change.
answer
T
question
President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society's War on Poverty required poor people to play a leading part in designing and implementing local policies.
answer
T
question
President Kennedy entered office determined to rid American foreign policy of its Cold War assumptions.
answer
F
question
In a single week in June 1963, more than 15,000 people were arrested in 186 cities across the United States in civil rights demonstrations
answer
T
question
President Lyndon Johnson grew up in one of the wealthiest sections of United States—the central Texas Hill country.
answer
F
question
By the end of 1960, some 70,000 demonstrators had taken part in sit-ins across the nation; the tactic had its 1960s origins in the initiative of four students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University who, on February 1, 1960, sat down at a lunch counter in the local Woolworth's department store and asked to be served.
answer
T
question
The War on Poverty guaranteed an annual income to all Americans, created jobs for the unemployed, promoted unionization, and made it more difficult for businesses to shift production overseas.
answer
F
question
President Kennedy's policy toward Latin America, the Alliance for Progress, failed because the money, as distributed, enriched military regimes and local elites.
answer
T
question
In June 1964, three young voting rights activists were murdered in Mississippi—James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner
answer
T
question
According to defenders of the Vietnam War, American military withdrawal would encourage the spread of communism elsewhere around the world.
answer
T
question
Johnson's Great Society failed to reduce poverty in America to any significant degree.
answer
F
question
By 1968, the United States had more than a half million troops stationed in Vietnam.
answer
T
question
The centerpiece of President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society was the endeavor to eradicate poverty.
answer
T
question
In the weeks following passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, a joyful calm, mixed with a great celebratory jubilee that included parades, barbecues, and church prayer meetings characterized the principal response of inner city African Americans to the new law.
answer
F
question
In the "counterculture" of the 1960s there was, for the first time in American history, a rejection of respectable norms of clothing, language, and sexual behavior.
answer
T
question
The Greensboro lunch counter sit-in marked the first appearance of college students at the forefront of social protest in America
answer
T
question
As president of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson never forgot the poor Mexican and white children he had taught in a Texas school in the early 1930s.
answer
T
question
"Black Power" was a highly precise idea that asserted that only through revolutionary struggle for self-determination could black Americans achieve their rightful ends.
answer
F
question
Richard Nixon won the 1968 presidential election by the largest landslide in American history.
answer
F
question
The Civil Rights Bill and program of domestic liberalism launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson were far less ambitious than President Kennedy's initiatives on these matters.
answer
F
question
Although the media came to derisively label radical feminists "bra burners," no bras were ever actually burned.
answer
T
question
A key slogan of the Students for a Democratic Society was "participatory democracy."
answer
T
question
President Johnson entered office determined to see a substantial civil rights bill passed by Congress.
answer
T
question
In his August 1963 speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial delivered to 250,000 black and white Americans, Martin Luther King, Jr., declared: "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. '"
answer
T
question
Greensboro, N.C., sit in
answer
1960
question
Young Americans for Freedom founded
answer
1960
question
Bay of Pigs
answer
1961
question
Freedom Rides
answer
1961
question
Berlin Wall constructed
answer
1961
question
Port Huron Statement
answer
1962
question
University of Mississippi desegregated
answer
1962
question
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring
answer
1962
question
Cuban Missile Crisis
answer
1962
question
Betty Friedan's The Feminine Mystique
answer
1963
question
King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
answer
1963
question
March on Washington
answer
1963
question
Kennedy assassinated
answer
1963
question
Freedom Summer
answer
1964
question
Civil Rights Act passed
answer
1964
question
Gulf of Tonkin resolution
answer
1964
question
Great Society
answer
1965-1967
question
Voting Rights Act
answer
1965
question
Watts uprising
answer
1965
question
Hart-Celler Act
answer
1965
question
National Organization for Women organized
answer
1966
question
Tet offensive
answer
1968
question
Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated
answer
1968
question
American Indian movement founded
answer
1968
question
Richard Nixon elected
answer
1968
question
Police raid on Stonewall Inn
answer
1969
question
Woodstock festival
answer
1969
question
Roe v. Wade
answer
1970
1965 Voting Rights Act
Anti Ballistic Missile
AP United States History
Letter From Birmingham Jail
World History
APUSH CH. 26 – Flashcards 27 terms
27 terms
Preview
APUSH CH. 26 – Flashcards
question
The legacies of the 1960s include: a) fewer personal freedoms. b) a transformation in the status of women. c) the return of school prayer. d) an end to the welfare state. e) mass conformity.
answer
b) a transformation in the status of women.
question
Richard Nixon's New Federalism: a) proposed a decrease in funding for Social Security. b) called for a reduction in all government spending and a balanced budget. c) proposed that a system of block grants be assigned to states to spend as they saw fit. d) demanded that the federal government administer all aid, even on the local level. e) proposed that no new federal agencies be created.
answer
c) proposed that a system of block grants be assigned to states to spend as they saw fit.
question
Nixon's Family Assistance Plan: a) proposed to guarantee a minimum income for all Americans. b) won approval by Congress. c) was seen as too radical by liberals. d) replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children. e) was seen as inadequate by conservatives.
answer
a) proposed to guarantee a minimum income for all Americans.
question
Richard Nixon's appointments to the Supreme Court were intended to: a) continue the liberal trend set by the Warren Court. b) be balanced with conservatives and liberals. c) lead the court in a conservative direction. d) break gender barriers by his appointment of the first female justice. e) appease the Democrats, since he had to work with them in Congress on other issues.
answer
c) lead the court in a conservative direction.
question
The 1971 ruling Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education led to the: a) use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration. b) implementation of affirmative action in higher education. c) first female students admitted into Yale and Harvard. d) reversal of the Brown v. Board of Education decision. e) firing of suspected communist professors in universities.
answer
a) use of busing as a tool to achieve school integration.
question
In 1972, Congress passed Title IX, which: a) was passed over President Nixon's veto. b) banned racial discrimination in higher education. c) banned gender discrimination in higher education. d) banned gender discrimination in the workplace. e) guaranteed women equal access to pay.
answer
c) banned gender discrimination in higher education.
question
In a historic move, in 1972 President Nixon opened diplomatic relations with: a) Taiwan. b) China. c) the Soviet Union. d) Cuba. e) North Vietnam.
answer
b) China.
question
In 1972, President Nixon took part in a historic reconfiguration of Cold War policy when he: a) became the first president to visit North Vietnam. b) signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks agreement. c) refused to sign the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. d) and Josef Stalin advocated détente. e) refused to visit China.
answer
b) signed the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks agreement.
question
Under the policy of Vietnamization, the U.S. military: a) ceased bombings in Vietnam. b) successfully cut North Vietnamese supply routes. c) attempted to shift the burden of fighting to South Vietnamese soldiers. d) brought an immediate end to the war. e) brought an end to antiwar protest.
answer
c) attempted to shift the burden of fighting to South Vietnamese soldiers.
question
When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into: a) the psychiatrist Daniel Ellsburg's office. b) the Washington Post's headquarters. c) the Democratic Party headquarters. d) George McGovern's apartment. e) the Committee to Reelect the President's (CREEP's) headquarters.
answer
c) the Democratic Party headquarters
question
Domestically, President Gerald Ford: a) was successful at reviving the American economy. b) introduced programs that encouraged growth in the manufacturing sector. c) reversed the economic policies of his predecessor. d) restored Americans' confidence in their nation, as business boomed. e) failed to revive the economy.
answer
e) failed to revive the economy.
question
President Carter's foreign policy emphasized: a) the need to fight communism around the world. b) the policy of containment. c) the right of the United States to intervene in Latin America. d) an increased military presence in Southeast Asia. e) human rights as a diplomatic priority
answer
e) human rights as a diplomatic priority
question
Which nation held fifty-three Americans hostage from November 1979 until January 1981? a) Saudi Arabia b) Nicaragua c) El Salvador d) Iran e) Libya
answer
d) Iran
question
The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis: a) was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter. b) restored Americans' confidence in their nation. c) made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept. d) made Ronald Reagan appear weak and inept. e) ended with the signing of the Camp David Accords.
answer
c) made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept.
question
In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter pursued all of the following policies EXCEPT: a) boycotted the Moscow Olympics. b) decreased military spending. c) placed an embargo on grain exports to the Soviet Union. d) funneled aid to fundamentalist Muslims in Afghanistan who fought a guerilla war against the Soviets. e) placed an embargo on grain exports to the Soviet Union
answer
b) decreased military spending.
question
During the 1970s, conservatives: a) continued their overt opposition to the black struggle for racial justice. Correct Answer b) shifted their political rhetoric, insisting on more local control and resistance to the power of the federal government. c) employed the fiery rhetoric and direct confrontation tactics of Bull Connor and George Wallace. d) made little progress. e) appealed primarily to urban Americans
answer
b) shifted their political rhetoric, insisting on more local control and resistance to the power of the federal government
question
The Equal Rights Amendment: a) passed Congress but failed to achieve ratification by the required 38 states. b) passed Congress and was ratified by the required 38 states. c) had the support of all American women. d) had little support from American men. e) was supported by Phyllis Schlafly
answer
a) passed Congress but failed to achieve ratification by the required 38 states.
question
Opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment, like Phyllis Schlafly, argued that the passage of the ERA would: a) relieve men of their responsibilities in terms of child support and alimony payments. b) finally make women truly equal citizens, a goal set forth at Seneca Falls over a century before. c) be amended so as to exclude women from being drafted into the armed forces. d) not change anything, and so its ratification would mean nothing. e) elevate women to a superior class, allowing women to outnumber men in politics, professional jobs, and higher education programs within a decade
answer
a) relieve men of their responsibilities in terms of child support and alimony payments.
question
In 1978, California's Proposition 13: a) banned discrimination in housing. b) ended affirmative action within higher education. Correct Answer c) was part of a nationwide tax revolt. d) raised taxes to cover budget deficits. e) banned Mexican immigration
answer
c) was part of a nationwide tax revolt.
question
The election of 1980 reflected: a) the end of conservatism. b) the validation of big government. c) a return to progressivism. d) growing frustration over America's condition. e) a referendum for the ERA
answer
d) growing frustration over America's condition.
question
The Reagan Revolution: a) included an emphasis on global human rights. b) introduced an expanded welfare state. c) strengthened the labor movement. d) included cuts to government programs and regulation e) had little appeal for most Americans.
answer
d) included cuts to government programs and regulation
question
Reagan's economic program, known as "supply-side economics" relied on: a) tax cuts and high interest rates. b) tax increases. c) tax cuts specifically for low-income Americans. d) increased environmental regulations. e) increased regulation of workplace safety
answer
a) tax cuts and high interest rates.
question
Reagan's economic policies: a) expanded food stamps and school lunch programs. b) enlarged government revenue. c) decreased the national debt. d) strengthened labor unions. e) resulted in a rise in economic inequality.
answer
e) resulted in a rise in economic inequality.
question
In foreign policy, Reagan: a) opposed "authoritarian" noncommunist regimes. b) embraced Carter's emphasis on civil rights. c) decreased military spending. d) called for a halt to the development of nuclear weapons. e) vigorously denounced the Soviet Union during his first term and initiated the largest military buildup in American history.
answer
e) vigorously denounced the Soviet Union during his first term and initiated the largest military buildup in American history.
question
The Iran-Contra affair: a) had the approval of Congress and the American public. b) was the greatest achievement of the Reagan administration. c) was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration. d) resulted in impeachment charges against Ronald Reagan. e) refers to the U.S. efforts to overthrow the shah of Iran.
answer
c) was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration.
question
By the end of Reagan's second term in office, he viewed the Soviet Union: a) as an evil empire. b) with great disdain. c) as an expansionist power. d) as a strong ally. e) with much less suspicion
answer
e) with much less suspicion
question
____________ has been called "the concept of the 1990s." a) Liberty b) Money c) Technology Correct Answer d) Globalization e) Liberalism
answer
d) Globalization
1965 Voting Rights Act
AP European History
AP United States History
AP World History
World History
Apush ch 38-41 vocab – Flashcards 155 terms
155 terms
Preview
Apush ch 38-41 vocab – Flashcards
question
Plan to assassinate Cuban leader Fidel Castro and liberate Cuba with a US-trained military force of political exiles; the limited invasion was a military failure and actually strengthened Castro's position in Cuba
answer
Bay of Pigs (1961)
question
A rallying cry for more militant blacks advocated by younger leaders like Stokely Carmichael and H. Rap Brown, beginning in the mid-1960s; it called for African Americans to form their own economic, political, and cultural institutions and challenge M.L. King‟s non-violent, civil disobedience philosophy
answer
Black power
question
An historic peace agreement negotiated between Egypt and Israel at the U.S. Presidential retreat at Camp David, Maryland; under the pact Israel agreed to return captured territory to Egypt and to negotiate Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip
answer
Camp David Accords (1979)
question
Landmark legislation that prohibited discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin in employment and public facilities such as hotels, restaurants and playgrounds; it established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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Soviet installation of nuclear-tipped missiles in Cuba led President Kennedy to institute a naval quarantine around Cuba, banning additional delivery of weapons; after days of genuine fear on both sides, the two sides agreed that the Soviet Union remove the missiles and the US ended the quarantine and removed missiles aimed at the Soviets from Turkey
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Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
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A relaxation of tensions between the US and the USSR and China that was begun by President Nixon, as evidenced by his visits to both China and the USSR
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Detente
question
President of South Vietnam who was initially supported by the US in his attempts to keep communists from taking over; however, his refusal to carry out political and social reforms and his lack of support from the Buddhist majority escalated hostilities; he was assassinated by his own people in 1963
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Ngo Dinh Diem
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This post-Watergate law allows the public and press to request declassification of government documents
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Freedom of Information Act
question
Racially-mixed civil rights activists from CORE and SNCC who challenged racially segregated buses and bus terminals to demonstrate that despite a federal ban on segregated travel on interstate buses, segregation prevailed in parts of the South; violence against the riders led President Kennedy to send in federal marshals to protect them
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Freedom riders (1961)
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Author of The Feminine Mystique, the 1963 book that articulated the discontent among white middle class housewives in the "baby boom" era; founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966
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Betty Friedan
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Liberal reform program of President Lyndon Johnson which included civil rights legislation, increased public spending to help the poor, Medicare and Medicaid programs, educational legislation, and liberalized immigration policies
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Great Society (1965)
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Following two reported attacks on the U.S.S Maddox, President Johnson asked for and received this "blank check" authorization from Congress to "take all necessary measures" to repel attacks, prevent aggression and protect American security
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)
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Nixon foreign policy that redefined the US role in world affairs during the Cold war; it said that the US had overextended itself militarily and would reduce its obligations to other nations; the US would honor its existing commitments; but in the future, other nations would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of US troops; Nixon told Congress that "America cannot...undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world."
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Nixon Doctrine (1970)
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Iranian students, angry because the US would not return the former Shah to their country to stand trial, seized the U.S. embassy compound in Tehran and held 52 Americans inside hostage for 444 days
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Iranian hostage crisis (1979)
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Spokesman for the Nation of Islam, a black religious and political organization that advocated black nationalism, black separatism, and black-owned businesses and criticized the "white devils"; he left the Nation of Islam in 1964 to form the Organization of Afro-American Unity in 1964, which advocated integration with whites; opponents assassinated him in 1965
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Malcolm X
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President Reagan's pledge of American aid to insurgent movements attempting to overthrow Soviet-backed regimes in the Third World
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Reagan Doctrine (1985)
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Economic conditions of slow economic growth, rising inflation, and high unemployment that characterized the American economy during the 1970s
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Stagflation
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Conservative Republican candidate who lost to LBJ in the 1964 election
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Barry Goldwater
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Foreign policy introduced in the early 1970s that meant that US should set aside rigid ideological differences and pursue actions that were practical and in the best interests of the US; Nixon‟s diplomacy with the communist China, despite US opposition to communism, is an example, as is support for dictators who violated human rights in order to secure regional stability; critics characterized this was immoral
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Realpolitik
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North Vietnam launched this offensive in against twenty-seven South Vietnamese targets; although the US repelled the Tet Offensive, it prompted waves of criticism from those who felt the government had been misleading the American people about whether the US could win the war
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Tet Offensive (1968)
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Barred the use of poll taxes in elections
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24th Amendment (1964)
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This law prohibited literacy tests and sent federal examiners to the South to register voters
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Alabama governor who ran for President in 1968 as a third-party candidate on the American Independent ticket; he rejected forced racial integration and the activities of radical college students; his message appealed to voters upset by the civil disobedience of the civil rights and ant-war movement and he received about thirteen percent of that election's vote
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George Wallace
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Law that limited the presidential power to use military troops overseas by requiring them to get approval from Congress to engage U.S. forces in foreign combat for more than sixty days and to report to Congress within 48 hours after sending troops or enlarging combat units in a foreign country; passed in reaction to the discovery of the secret bombings and troops escalations during the Vietnam War
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War Powers Act (1973)
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During the Presidential campaign, burglars tied to the Nixon White House were caught installing eavesdropping devices in the Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate Office complex in Washington, D.C.; President ixon resigned in 1974 due to revelations of White House efforts to obstruct the investigation of the break-in, financial irregularities, and the use of government agencies for political purposes
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Watergate break-In (1972)
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Vice-President under President Nixon who was forced to resign in 1973 for taking bribes and other crimes committed before taking office
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Spiro Agnew
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Native American leader in the 1960s and 1970s who helped organize the American Indian Movement (AIM) and the 1973 Wounded Knee occupation
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Dennis Banks
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Press Secretary to President Reagan who was paralyzed by a gunshot during a 1981 assassination attempt on Reagan; 1994 law that required a five-day waiting period before purchase of a gun was named for Mr. Brady
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James Brady
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Elite, anti-guerilla military units used by JFK as part of the doctrine of "flexible response"
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Green Beret
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President from 1977 to 1981 who advocated concern for human rights in foreign policy and assisted in mediating the Camp David Accords, but faced a difficult economy and a hostage crisis in Iran; his reelection attempt was swamped by the 1980 Reagan landslide
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James Earl Carter, Jr.
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Biologist author of Silent Spring (1962), which exposed harmful effects of pesticides and inspired concern for the environment and new laws like the Clean Water Act and the banning of DDT
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Rachel Carson
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Revolutionary leader who took control of Cuba in 1959; ally of Soviet Union through the 1980s
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Fidel Castro
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Latino leader from 1962 to his death in 1993 who organized the United Farm Workers (UFW) to help migrant farm workers gain better pay and working conditions
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Cesar Chavez
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First African American admitted to the University of Mississippi in 1962; shot during a civil rights march in 1966
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James Meredith
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Defense Department official who leaked that "Pentagon Papers" to the "New York Times" in 1971, showing government lies to the public about Vietnam; charges of treason were dropped when it was discovered that Nixon aides had hired burglars ("plumbers") to steal files from Ellsberg's psychiatrist had tried to bribe the trial judge
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Daniel Ellsberg
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President from 1974 to 1977 who pardoned Nixon and signed the Helsinki Accords; first appointed president and vice-president
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Gerald R. Ford
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Soviet leader whose bold reforms of glasnost and perestroika eventually led to the end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991
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Mikhail Gorbachev
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Soviet leader in the 1950s and early 1960s who was forced out of power in 1964 after he failed to keep the missiles in Cuba
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Nikita Khrushchev
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Evangelist and presidential adviser known for leading large-scale religious rallies
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Billy Graham
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Secretary of Defense under JFK and LBJ who promoted flexible response and later came to doubt the wisdom of US involvement in the Vietnam War; resigned in 1968
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Robert McNamara
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Payment made by the government to encourage the development of certain industries
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Subsidy
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President from 1963 to 1969 who expanded social assistance with his Great Society program and increased US involvement in the Vietnam War
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Member of Congress from Texas who was the first African American woman to represent her state in Congress; gave keynote addresses at 1976 and 1992 Democratic National Conventions
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Barbara Jordan
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President from 1961 to 1963 who was seen as youthful and inspiring; known for his firm handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis; assassinated in 1963
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John F. Kennedy
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Attorney General under his brother, President Kennedy, in the early 1960s; supported civil rights; assassinated while running for President in 1968
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Robert F. Kennedy
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Islamic fundamentalist leader of Iran after the 1979 overthrow of the pro-US Shah, which led economic difficulties for the US and to the taking of US hostages from the embassy in Teheran
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Ayatollah Khomeini
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Secretary of State under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford; used diplomacy to open relations with China, to end the Vietnam War, and to moderate the Middle East conflict
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Henry Kissinger
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Native American leader of the 1960s and 1970s who helped organize the American Indian Movement (AIM) and the 1973 Wounded Knee occupation
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Russell Means
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President from 1969 to1974 who was best known for a détente foreign policy toward the Soviet Union and China and for illegal acts he committed in the Watergate affair that forced his resignation
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Richard M. Nixon
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First woman Supreme Court justice who was appointed by President Reagan in 1981
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Sandra Day O'Connor
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President from 1981 to 1989 who was a popular conservative leader who promoted supply-side economics and created huge budget deficits
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Ronald Reagan
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Conservative activist who led a campaign during the 1970s to block the Equal Rights Amendment
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Phyllis Schlafly
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Washington judge who presided over the Watergate investigation in the 1970s, gave tough sentences to convicted participants, and ordered Nixon to release secret tapes
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John J. Sirica
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US campaign of heavy bombing of North Vietnam
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Operation Rolling Thunder (1965)
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Guaranteed right to vote originally granted to blacks under the 15th Amendment by outlawing literacy tests and allowing federal officials to register voters in states with discrimination; led to the registration of more than 400,000 blacks in the year after the law passed and more than one million new black voters by 1968
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Voting Rights Act (1965)
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Three marches designed to draw attention to white resistance to black voter registration drives in the South that were led by Martin Luther King and other prominent civil rights leaders; first march was nicknamed "bloody Sunday" — when the 600 marchers who left Selma on their way to Montgomery were attacked by state and local police; the second march took place as a symbolic "march to the bridge" in Selma while awaiting court approval for the third march; the third march lasted five days, and the marchers made it all the way to Montgomery, protected by the US military
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March on Selma (1965)
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Supreme Court case which extended the 14th Amendment to protect citizens from state decisions and barred the use of illegally obtained evidence in trials
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Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
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The Supreme Court case which ruled against a required school prayer composed by the New York State Board of Regents
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Engel v. Vitale (1962)
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Supreme Court case which ruled that legal counsel must be given to anyone charged with a crime
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Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
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Supreme Court which ruled that the police must not use coercion to gain a confession from a suspected criminal and that police must honor a suspect's request to have a lawyer present during police interrogations
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Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)
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The Supreme Court which ruled that a suspected criminal has the right to be read his rights, including the right to remain silent (because anything said can be used against him), the right to an attorney, and the right to a telephone call
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Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
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The Supreme Court struck down all state laws that prohibited abortions during the first three months of pregnancy because they violated a woman‟s right to privacy in her own person
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Roe v. Wade (1973)
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This reverse discrimination case involved a white, Allan Bakke, who claimed that the University of California at Davis had refused his admission because of minority quotas. The Supreme Court allowed Bakke to attend UC Davis, but upheld the legality of race as one criteria for admission.
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Bakke v. Board of Regents U.C. (1978)
question
Policy which gives special consideration to women and members of minorities to make up for past discrimination
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Affirmative action
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A virus that killed many people starting in the 1980s
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AIDS
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President Kennedy's unsuccessful program which provided financial aid to Latin American nations so that they could make democratic and economic reforms
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Alliance for Progress
question
Organization formed to obtain economic and political programs to help Native Americans; called attention to past treaty violation and worked to obtain restoration of lands illegally taken from tribes; worked for better conditions for Indians, including the large number living in cities; began schools to encourage cultural pride in youth and worked for control over local matters, especially natural resources on Indian lands; led the occupation of Wounded Knee and Alcatraz
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American Indian Movement (AIM) (1968)
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South African's systematic separation of the white and black race that led Congress in 1986 to pass an economic sanctions bill over Reagan's veto; they limited trade and investment to pressure South Africa to abolish apartheid, including a ban on new investments in South Africa and prohibition of imports of South African products; many private companies and universities also refused to do business with South Africa
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Apartheid
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Dramatic increase in birthrate during and after World War II
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Baby boom (1946 to 1963)
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Barrier built by the East German government to prevent East Germans from escaping to West Berlin
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Berlin Wall (1961)
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Law designed to limit pollution caused by industrial and auto emissions
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Clean Air Act (1970)
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Law designed to limit pollution caused by the discharge of industrial and municipal wastewater
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Clean Water Act (1972)
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Arab members of OPEC restricted energy exports to the US in retaliation for US support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War between Israel and its Arab neighbors; led to higher prices and gasoline shortages
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Oil embargo of 1973
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Group of young Americans in the 1960s who rejected conventional customs and traditions
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Counterculture
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Proposed constitutional amendment to prohibit discrimination on account of sex; only 35 states approved, which was three short of the 38 needed for approval
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Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (1972)
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Protests over the US invasion of Cambodia led to the death of four students by National Guard troops sent to control the protests
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Kent State shootings (1970)
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Multinational agreements on European boundaries and human rights
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Helsinki Accords (1975)
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Supply route through Laos and Cambodia that carried troops and supplies from North Vietnam to South Vietnam during the Vietnam War
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Ho Chi Minh Trail
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Law that ended quotas for individual countries and replaced them with more flexible limits
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Immigration Act of 1965
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Treaty between the U.S. and the Soviet Union calling for the reduction of 2,500 missiles in Europe
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Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty (1987)
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Treaty in which the US and the Soviet Union agreed not to test nuclear weapons above the ground; passed after the scare of nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis
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Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)
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Crusade against economic injustice organized by Martin Luther King, advocating an "economic bill of rights" for all poor people, that would offer massive government anti-poverty job programs and "livable wages"; he planned a march on Washington and traveled around the country to mobilize support; Ralph Abernathy took over SCLC after King‟s death and the "Poor People‟s March to Washington" was held over several weeks, with protesters campaigning at various federal agencies but the "Economic Bill of Rights" was never passed
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Poor People's Campaign (1968)
question
Member of the pro-communist group of Nicaraguans who took control of the government in 1979; the Reagan administration secretly and illegally aided the Contra rebels who tried to overthrow the Sandinista government
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Sandinistas
question
Repeated trips by a mediator between disputing nations in order to reach an agreement
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Shuttle diplomacy
question
Term used by President Nixon to describe Americans who disapproved of the counterculture
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Silent majority
question
Arms limitation agreement signed by Carter and Brezhnev that was not ratified by the US Senate because of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
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SALT II (1979)
question
President Reagan's proposed space-based defense system against Soviet missile attack, popularly known as "Star Wars"; Congress refused to fund the program
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Strategic Defense Initiative
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Peaceful civil rights demonstration for jobs and freedom for African Americans and to focus attention on JFK‟s civil rights bill; more than 200,000 black and white demonstrators listened as King proclaimed, "I have a dream" and then painted a picture of a nation where all people were equal and that he and his children would be "free at last!"
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March on Washington (1963)
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Federal-state program that that provided medical benefits to poor Americans
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Medicaid (1965)
question
Federal program that provided medical benefits for older Americans
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Medicare (1965)
question
North Carolina senator who conducted the Senate investigation of the Watergate scandal
answer
Sam Erwin
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Killing of several hundred Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers in 1968; Lt. William Calley was convicted of murder for ordering the shootings and initially sentenced to life in prison but he was released for good behavior after three and one-half years and left the service with a dishonorable discharge
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My Lai massacre
question
President Kennedy's proposals to improve the economy, help the poor, and advance the space program
answer
New Frontier
question
A coalition of conservative groups that emerged by 1980
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"New Right"
question
Supreme Court justice during the 1950s and 1960s whose decisions involving segregation and protections of the rights of those accused of crimes prompted conservative protests and Nixon's appointment of less "activist" justices in the 1970s
answer
Earl Warren
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Group of oil-exporting nations that worked together to regulate the price and supply of oil
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (1960)
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Federal program established to send volunteers to provide technical advice to people in developing nations around the world
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Peace Corps (1961)
question
Successful protest movement against Secretary of the Interior James Watt's plan to reduce environmental controls on industrial activities and to open drilling in scenic government-owned lands in the West
answer
Sagebrush rebellion (1981)
question
Agreement between the US and USSR limiting nuclear weapons
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Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) (1972)
question
Evangelical Christians who strongly supported the Republican Party in the 1980s
answer
Moral majority
question
Theory that tax reductions will increase investment and thereby encourage business growth
answer
Supply-side economics
question
Latitude line that divided North and South Korea
answer
38th Parallel
question
Union organized by Cesar Chavez to organize Mexican field hands in the West to obtain better wages and working conditions
answer
United Farm Workers (1962)
question
Nixon's policy of gradually withdrawing US troops from South Vietnam while continuing to provide aid for the South Vietnamese to fight the war
answer
Vietnamization
question
African American author and civil rights activist who wrote the bestseller The Fire Next Time (1963), which told how generations of oppression and suffering had blacks stronger, that they were tired of promises
answer
James Baldwin
question
Economic policies supported by Reagan to reduce the size of government; used supply-side theories which emphasized lower taxes and government spending to stimulate production, economic growth, and job creation
answer
Reaganomics
question
Soviet leader whose bold reforms of perestroika and glasnost led to significant reforms and the eventual the breakup of the Soviet Union by 1991
answer
Mikhail Gorbachev
question
Author who wrote The Other America (1962) which described areas of poverty in the otherwise prosperous US
answer
Michael Harrington
question
Candidate in the 1968 Democratic presidential race who opposed the Vietnam War; his strong showing in the primary elections helped convinced LBJ not to run again
answer
Eugene McCarthy
question
Consumer advocate who published Unsafe at any Speed" (1965) criticizing auto safety and inspiring new safety laws
answer
Ralph Nader
question
Egyptian leader in the 1970s who began the Middle East peace process by signing the 1978 Camp David Accords with Israel; later assassinated by Arab leaders opposed to this action
answer
Anwar Sadat
question
Journalist and women's rights leader in the 1960s and 1970s; founded "Ms." magazine in 1972
answer
Gloria Steinem
question
Belief in the separate identity and racial unity of the African American community
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Black nationalism
question
Vietnam War hero and staff member of the National Security Council who made most of the arrangements for the Iran Contra dealings; his 1989 conviction was overturned on appeal
answer
Oliver North
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Spanish for "counterrevolutionary"; rebels opposed to Nicaragua's communist government in the 1980s that were secretly and illegally aided by members of the Reagan administration
answer
Contras
question
Reduction or removal of government controls
answer
Deregulation
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An intercontinental ballistic missile
answer
ICBM
question
Scandal in the Reagan administration involving the use of money from secret Iranian arms sales to support the Nicaraguan contras again communist control
answer
Iran Contra Affair
question
Organization founded by Betty Friedan and others to promote full participation of women in American society
answer
National Organization for Women (NOW) (1966)
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Organization founded in 1933 by Elijah Muhammad that taught that Allah would bring about a "black nation", a union for all nonwhites, and viewed white society as oppressive; they preached black separation and self-help; were also called the Black Muslims in the 1960s and 1970s
answer
Nation of Islam
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Government agency that oversees the civilian uses of nuclear materials
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Nuclear Regulatory Commission (1974)
question
Negotiations between the US and North Vietnam that began in 1968; US leaders advocating continuing the war in pursuit of continued to advocated of an "honorable peace"
answer
Paris Peace Talks
question
Top-secret government history of US involvement in the Vietnam War that was made public in 1971 when Daniel Ellsberg leaker part of it to the New York Times; public was outraged by revelations of mistakes and deceptions that led to US involvement in the war
answer
Pentagon Papers (1969)
question
Anti-poverty program created as part of the Great Society programs as the domestic version of the Peace; volunteers served in communities throughout the U.S., focusing on enriching educational programs and vocational training for the nation's underprivileged classes
answer
Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA) (1965)
question
Commission headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren that investigated the assassination of President Kennedy; its report conclude that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone to assassinate President JFK
answer
Warren Commission
question
Unsuccessful vice-presidential candidate of Walter Mondale in the election of 1984; first woman nominated for vice-president from a major party
answer
Geraldine Ferraro
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Music festival in upstate New York state that reflected the counterculture of the youth movement
answer
Woodstock (1969)
question
JFK's program that called for a variety of military options that could be matched to the score and importance of a crisis, including anti-guerilla special forces units
answer
Flexible response
question
Nonviolent protest in which civil rights activists occupied seats in a segregated establishment, such as a lunch counter; coordinated by SNCC and NAACP during the civil rights movement of the early 1960s
answer
Sit-in
question
Civil rights leader of the 1950s and 1960s who advocated the peaceful integration of blacks and whites through nonviolent civil disobedience; assassinated by James Earl Ray in 1968
answer
Martin Luther King, Jr.
question
Vietcong guerrillas attacked an American air base, so Johnson order ordered retaliatory bombing raids against military locations in NV; two weeks later General Westmoreland, commander of US forces in SV, requested combat soldiers to protect the airfields so LBJ ordered 3500 marines to SV to protect US air bases, the first use of US troops for combat not just for advisory purposes
answer
Pleiku (1965)
question
Civil rights campaign to register as many black voters as possible in Mississippi, which had almost totally excluded black voters; the project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools and Freedom Houses in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local black population; during the ten-week project 4 civil rights workers were killed, 4 were critically wounded, 80 were beaten, and 1000 were arrested; 37 churches were bombed or burned and 30 black homes or businesses were bombed or burned; of the 17,000 Mississippi blacks who attempted to become registered voters, only 1,600 succeeded
answer
Freedom Summer (1964)
question
FBI counterintelligence program started by Hoover in the 1950s to infiltrate communist organizations, that was used against the peace movement by the Johnson administration; the FBI sabotaged peace groups and made false accusations against their leaders; Johnson also ordered the CIA in 1967 to spy on domestic anti-war activists, in clear violation of its charter as a foreign intelligence agency
answer
Cointelpro
question
Civil rights activist in the 1960s who was an integrationist leader of SNCC but later became a black nationalist leader of the Black Panthers; he also popularized the term "black power"
answer
Stokely Carmichael
question
Disagreement between "hawks" and "doves" over the future of US involvement in Vietnam led to a violent clash between police and anti-war demonstrators outside the convention hall
answer
Democratic Party convention of 1968
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Direct phone line between the president and Moscow‟s leader to be able to better communicate during a crisis; installed after the Cuban missile crisis of 1962
answer
White House "hotline"
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US refused to send its athletes to the summer Olympic games in Moscow in and sixty other nations joined the boycott; the Soviets retaliated by boycotting the 1984 Olympics held in Los Angeles.
answer
US boycott of Olympics (1980)
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Federal agency created to set and enforce national air and water pollution control standards
answer
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1970)
question
Issued and enforced regulations on workplace safety and disclosure of hazards, such as asbestos, to workers
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Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) (1970)
question
Government program that provides cash to low-income persons who are either aged (65 or older), blind, or disabled
answer
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) (1974)
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Law designed to protect species that are in danger of becoming extinct as a result of economic growth and development due to lack of adequate conservation
answer
Endangered Species Act (1973)
question
Nixon‟s plan to expand affirmative action by requiring construction unions working on federal contracts in Philadelphia to establish "timetables" for hiring minority apprentices; similar plans were extended to all federal contracts, which meant that thousands of employers had to meet hiring quotas
answer
Philadelphia Plan (1969)
question
Group founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton to promote civil rights and self-defense for blacks, black leadership of their own communities, and militant self-defense of these communities against brutality by local police; members openly carried guns and patrolled areas where the police were said to commit racially-motivated crimes against blacks; they established community day-care centers and free breakfast programs and called for a redistribution of wealth; one of their members, Eldridge Cleaver, ran for president on the Peace and Freedom Party ticket
answer
Black Panthers (1966)
question
Civil rights activist who was chairman of SNCC in 1967 and the Black Panthers in 1968; once state that "violence is as American as cherry pie" and "If America don't come around, we're „gonna burn it down"; he appeared on the FBI's "Ten Most Wanted List" after avoiding trial on charges of inciting riot and of carrying a gun across state lines
answer
H. Rap Brown
question
Anti-US terrorists attacked and killed more than 240 marines stationed in barracks at Beirut‟s airport as part of an international peacekeeping force
answer
Attack on marines in Lebanon (1983)
question
Nickname of President Reagan because he seemed able to avoid blame for failed policies, such as the Iran-Contra scandal
answer
"Teflon" president
question
US military forces, with the support of other Latin American nations, were sent to stop the takeover of Grenada by rebels who killed their prime minister and brought Cuban-backed radicals to power and had plans to build an airfield for Soviet and Cuban use; the invasion was also to protect over 1000 Americans, about half of them medical students, who lived on the island; the pro-US government was restored to power and US forces remained in Grenada to oversee free elections
answer
US invasion of Grenada (1983)
question
Senator who lost the nomination for Democratic candidate for president to Carter in 1980 due to lingering suspicions about his involvement in a car accident in 1969 in which a young woman was killed
answer
Edward Kennedy
question
Conservative Democrats who supported Reagan‟s policies of tax cutting and budget reduction in the 1980s
answer
"Boll weevils"
question
Law which prohibited sex discrimination in any federally-funded educational program or activity; led to increased spending on women‟s sports and activities
answer
Title IX (1972)
question
Nickname given to the USSR by Reagan in his first term in office
answer
"Evil empire"
question
US forces were sent into Cambodia to eliminate Vietcong bases there; the invasion resulted in massive anti-war protests against the expansion of the Vietnam War, the death of four students at Kent State, and deeper disagreements between hawks and doves; US forces were removed within a few months without completely eliminating the bases
answer
US invasion of Cambodia (1970)
question
Nixon refused Congressional orders and court subpoenas to turn over the taped conversations of his meetings and telephone conversations for the Watergate investigations because it might endanger national security
answer
Nixon‟s claim of executive privilege (1973)
question
The Supreme Court ruling which said that Nixon must turn over the tapes and documents requested by the Watergate investors; "executive privilege" did not give Nixon right to withhold any portion of the tapes needed to investigate criminal activity
answer
US v. Nixon (1974)
question
Treaty that returned ownership of the Panama Canal to Panama by the year 2000, but let the US maintain the right to take military action to keep it open; Carter believed it would improve the US image in Latin America
answer
Panama Canal Treaty (1977)
