Telecom Sector in Bangladesh Essay Example

addresses various important problems. By utilizing smaller timeslots than TDMA, GSM enables data rates of at least 300 bits per second.

Thus, a call can utilize any number of timeslots up to a maximum of 13 kilobits per second. If a call is inactive or can be further compressed, it will use fewer timeslots. In GSM, calls employ "frequency hopping" to fill in unused timeslots. This involves calls jumping between channels and timeslots to optimize the system's capacity. A control channel is used for communication between the cell tower and phone, transmitting information about frequency hopping and other details. It is worth noting that GSM necessitates 1 Watt of output power from the phone, in comparison to other systems.

CDMA

CDMA, which stands for "Code Division Multiple Access," is a multiplexing method that is both fascinating and challenging to implement. It can be compared to a party where everyone talks simultaneously, making it impossible to understand anyone. However, if each person speaks a different language, communication becomes possible. CDMA systems do not have channels but instead encode each call as a coded sequence across the entire frequency spectrum. Each conversation is modulated digitally with a unique code (referred to as a pseudo-noise code) to differentiate it from other calls in the frequency spectrum. By using a correlation calculation and the code with which the call was encoded, the digital audio signal can be extracted from other signals transmitted by other phones on the network. To one call, everything else appears as low-level noise once the signal has been extracted.

The digital signal can be recovered if there is enough separation between mutually orthogonal codes, resulting in low noise levels.

The signal is not distributed across the entire spectrum, but rather across 1.25 MHz pass-bands. CDMA systems are currently surpassing TDMA in terms of cost and call quality. CDMA offers greater capacity, variable data rates based on audio activity, and the ability to accommodate more users in a given frequency spectrum while providing higher audio quality.

CDMA systems have a capacity that is at least three times greater than TDMA and GSM systems. This is because CDMA can share frequencies with nearby cell towers, making it easier to add extra capacity by installing more cell sites and reducing the power levels of nearby sites. Additionally, CDMA technology allows for lower power levels in cell phones (200 milliwatts), as it is designed to handle noise and weaker signals. However, CDMA has the drawback of complex deciphering and extracting received signals, especially when there are multiple signal paths or reflections between the phone and the cell tower (known as multipath interference). Consequently, CDMA phones are twice as expensive as TDMA phones, while CDMA cell site equipment costs 3-4 times more than TDMA equivalents.

A Technical Comparison: GSM vs CDMA

Advantages of GSM:

• GSM boasts a global user base of over 450 million subscribers.
• Subscribers can conveniently use one phone across Western Europe through international roaming.
• GSM, which originated in the mid-80s, is a mature technology offering a stable network with strong features.CDMA is currently in the process of building its network. On the other hand, GSM's long-standing presence has led engineers to develop a subconscious preference for it. One advantage of GSM is its utilization of Subscriber Identity Modules (smart cards) for secure data encryption, giving
  

it an edge in m-commerce. However, GSM also faces the disadvantage of lacking access to the growing American market.

In contrast, CDMA offers several advantages such as enhanced cellular communications security, simultaneous conversations with fewer call drops on a robust network. Furthermore, CDMA requires low power and minimal cell-to-cell coordination from operators. It also benefits rural users located far from cells by providing extended reach. Nonetheless, there are downsides to CDMA as well - due to its proprietary nature, not all flaws are known to engineers for resolution. Additionally, being relatively new compared to GSM means that CDMA's network maturity is still developing; furthermore, it cannot provide international roaming like GSM does.

The telecommunication cycle involves transmitting ideas from sender to receiver and receiving feedback or reactions from the receiver. This cycle can be facilitated using and their contents such as "

present their products ; services. Telecommunication plays a crucial role in modern economy and society. Without telecommunication, we cannot imagine the prosperity of society. The foundation of a modern progressive society is telecommunication.

Telecommunication has transformed the world into a global village by enabling people to communicate across any distance. The telecom industry is crucial in many countries as it contributes significantly to their national income.

Marketing is essential for Telecom industries to effectively communicate with customers and advertise their offerings, making Telecom Marketing a vital component in modern society.