question

Families began having fewer children in the nineteenth century. Which of the following was NOT a contributor to this change?

answer

widely available information about birth control

question

Over the course of the twentieth century, there was a trend in households from primarily married-couple households toward:

answer

no new dominant standard.

question

The pervasive element of European and American society in which men controlled all property and had control over women and children is called:

answer

patriarchy.

question

A type of family in which people are considered descendants of their mothers is called:

answer

matrilineal

question

In what way was the ideology of patriarchy reinforced by Protestant doctrine?

answer

The idea of free choice in marriage reflected the idea of a person's relationship with God

question

Colonial children did not lead innocent lives and were controlled through strict discipline and hard work, due primarily to which social force?

answer

religious belief

question

Most colonial households were made up of:

answer

nuclear families

question

As mate selection became less a matter of economics and status and more an emotional endeavor, young people began the practice of:

answer

courtship.

question

Government involvement in family life increased in the nineteenth century in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

answer

outlawing divorce

question

African American families in the late nineteenth century had which of the following qualities?

answer

greater gender equality

question

In the late 1800's, long periods of family separation for Latinos and Chinese immigrants contributed to a culture of:

answer

familism

question

An extended family, guided by the authority of the father and functioning based on economic needs, would be considered a:

answer

patriarchal family.

question

A family consisting of two parents and their children, whose priorities are personal fulfillment and common affection, would be considered a:

answer

companionship family.

question

The 1950's brought increased motivation for young people to marry, as the result of all of the following social forces EXCEPT:

answer

moral and religious pressure.

question

In the late twentieth century, cultural changes in the meaning of and motivation for marriage evolved in what way?

answer

Emotional expectations became a fundamental weakness.

question

Increasing physical separation of families:

answer

heightened the personal value of independence.

question

The cultural value of independence can be observed in the context of all of the following social roles EXCEPT:

answer

religious observer.

question

The increasing diversity of naming practices is indicative of:

answer

personal freedom.

question

Which of the following has NOT been a change to our understanding of childhood in the late twentieth century?

answer

Children are more likely to experience trauma.

question

Which of the following is NOT a major trend in the historical changes in American family life?

answer

Divorce rates have skyrocketed.

question

Which surface difference is perhaps most important biologically?

answer

skin color

question

The U.S. Census Bureau collects race-based data despite the lack of biological difference across race. What does this say about race in the United States?

answer

Deeply felt divisions between groups of people remain socially important.

question

Jamilla, who had a white mother, was brought up to see herself as white. When asked, she would say she was white. However, as she grew older, she began to embrace her Arab heritage and to instead identify as mixed race. Jamilla's example illustrates the strong role of what in racial identification?

answer

self-identification

question

An ethnicity is a group of people with a common cultural identification, based on a combination of language, religion, ancestral origin, or _____________.

answer

traditional practices

question

One important difference between ethnicity and race is

answer

the sometimes voluntary nature of ethnicity.

question

An ethnic group perceived to share physical characteristics is called

answer

racial ethnicity

question

Marriage and reproduction within a distinct group is called _____________; marriage and reproduction outside one's distinct group is called _____________.

answer

endogamy; exogamy

question

Pravit, an Indian man, married Sharon, a white woman. Their marriage is an example of

answer

exogamy

question

According to statistics, what is the largest racial group in the United States?

answer

White

question

Which of the following is a main factor behind U.S. population change?

answer

immigration from Latin America and Asia

question

The rapid growth of the American Indian population over the last century—and the last 50 years in particular—is mostly due to

answer

greater desire, or willingness, of those with mixed ancestry to express that identity.

question

Which two lines of thought have framed much of the research on black family life and family structure?

answer

the impact of slavery and family resilience

question

Which of the following historically limited black family structure?

answer

poverty

question

Why do sociologists claim that joblessness led African Americans to retreat from the institution of marriage?

answer

Men without jobs usually do not make attractive marriage partners.

question

Unmarried, young black women outnumber married, employed black men in their age group by what factor in the four biggest metropolitan areas?

answer

2 to 1

question

How many black children born in 1990 at some point experienced incarceration of a parent?

answer

1 in 4

question

More than three-quarters of Latinos speak Spanish at home because

answer

there is a continuing flow of immigrants into the United States.

question

Which of the following racial-ethnic groups are you least likely to find in an American nursing home?

answer

Latino

question

The 1942-1964 Bracero Program, which extended "temporary" work permits to millions of Mexican workers, had what effect on Mexican families?

answer

It opened the door for many families to settle in the United States.

question

When Julio and his family moved to New York City from the Dominican Republic, he went to an English-speaking school. However, he continued to speak Spanish at home. This is an example of

answer

acculturation

question

All are accurate statements about identity EXCEPT

answer

sexual and gender identities always match in adulthood.

question

Sex and gender are different in that

answer

gender refers to the social role based on one's categorical sex.

question

Restroom symbols and the British stamp illustrate the ways in which males and females are depicted

answer

in ways that show the man as superior.

question

When it comes to biological sex differences

answer

the physical sex differences in humans are small when compared with other species.

question

The ways in which parents dress their children are important because

answer

it helps to turn biological sexual identities into social gender identities.

question

Transgender identities

answer

present a problem for societies like the United States that have a strictly two-gender system.

question

A gender approach in which one is neither exclusively masculine nor exclusively feminine is

answer

referred to as an androgynous approach.

question

A key goal of the organization "Pink Stinks" is to

answer

decrease stereotyping of girls that focuses on being pretty, passive, and obsessed with shopping.

question

Because sex and gender are so closely linked, genetic predisposition affects the behaviors of men and women. This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

answer

biological

question

The study of maleness mirrors that of whiteness in that

answer

males and whites were neglected in early research on structured oppression.

question

Expectations for men's behavior compared to women's behavior

answer

support a narrow cultural view of masculinity.

question

People "do gender" when they enact the social roles that conform to the commonly expected image for their sex. This statement is most consistent with which perspective on gender?

answer

symbolic interactionist

question

When researchers say that masculinity is socially constructed, they mean that

answer

there are different perspectives for what it means to be a man, depending on the setting.

question

Gender socialization occur

answer

within the family through contact with family members

question

Clothing that children wear to school reinforces gendered behavior in which of the following ways?

answer

When girls wear dresses they are limited in the physical activities in which they can participate.

question

Which of the following is NOT supported by religious conservatives?

answer

women having greater authority than men in the home

question

Which of the following is true about the school performance of boys and girls?

answer

Girls are less likely than boys to pursue careers in math and science.

question

When it comes to occupational sex segregation

answer

job screeners might bring their preconceived ideas of gender to the applicant selection process.

question

One of the reasons the number of employed women increased rapidly after World War II was because

answer

women obtained more education and wanted to use their degrees.

question

Compared to jobs dominated by men, jobs dominated by women

answer

have lower status and lower pay.

question

Sexual identity is important in today's society because of the

answer

freedom of sexual choice.

question

Sexual orientation refers to a pattern of sexual ________ with regard to one's gender identity.

answer

attraction

question

Sam is not sexually attracted to either gender and shows little interest in sexual partners. This form of sexual orientation is best described as

answer

asexual.

question

Dante is sexually attracted to people of both genders, but is currently in a relationship with an opposite-sex partner. This form of sexual orientation is best described as

answer

bisexual.

question

Sexual identity can best be described as a

answer

fluid identity that can vary.

question

Which of the following is true regarding same-sex sexual behavior and the role of gender?

answer

Women are more likely to engage in same-sex sexual behavior.

question

disliking someone because they identify as lesbian, bisexual, or gay is referred to as

answer

homophobia

question

Currently, approximately ________ of Americans believe that homosexuality is morally wrong.

answer

one-third

question

In terms of social support, Americans are ________ accepting of homosexuality than ________.

answer

more; teen sex

question

Current research regarding the cause of sexual orientation indicates that which of the following is UNLIKELY to play a role?

answer

religious convictions

question

The first scientific study of sexual activity is known as the ________ report.

answer

Kinsey

question

On average, men report about twice as many sexual partners as women. This is evidence of a

answer

double standard

question

Evidence for the continuing role of the sexual double standard can be found in the fact that

answer

men prefer to marry women with less sexual experience.

question

A study comparing the sexual outcomes for Dutch and American teens found that the more permissive Dutch environment is associated with

answer

more monitoring of teen sexual behavior.

question

According to the text, the single biggest concern for society regarding teen sex is

answer

teen pregnancy.

question

Decreased teen pregnancy rates have resulted primarily from

answer

improved use of contraceptives.

question

Access to education and health care, the role of poverty, and the impact of social distance help explain the higher STD rate of which racial group?

answer

Blacks

question

Sexually transmitted diseases affect a higher percentage of the population of which social group?

answer

poor

question

Research shows that the most common cause of erectile dysfunction is

answer

age.

question

Sexual disorders, which prevent people from experiencing their sexuality as they would like, are caused by a variety of

answer

all of the above.- social factors, psychological factors, biological factors.

question

When college students report that "on a first date, men are supposed to drive to the activities," their agreement shows their knowledge of the expected behavior, or the

answer

social scripts.

question

Romantic love is distinct when compared to general love because romantic love is

answer

characterized by passion and attraction.

question

When comparing utilitarian love and romantic love

answer

utilitarian love is more rational and romantic love is more spontaneous.

question

After carefully considering the pros and cons of other partners, Juan and Maria believe they make a good match and are committed to each other. Their behavior demonstrates

answer

utilitarian love

question

As described in the text, the dating system of the early and mid-twentieth century

answer

permitted persons to date a variety of partners at one time.

question

When it comes to dating among college students

answer

men are expected to take the lead in formal date situations.

question

Which of the following is a key similarity between hooking up and dating multiple persons at once?

answer

neither involves exclusive commitment to one partner

question

A casual sexual or romantic encounter without explicit commitment or exclusivity is

answer

hooking up.

question

Hookup culture is

answer

highly interrelated with alcohol and other drug use.

question

The increase in the use of online dating websites can best be explained by

answer

The fact that dating sites are likely more efficient than meeting in person.

question

With regard to research findings on Internet dating profiles

answer

about one-third of photographs are misleading.

question

When compared to 50 years ago, the current population of singles looking for relationships is

answer

older, more diverse, and more likely to have children.

question

Gay, lesbian, and bisexual teens tend to have their first serious relationship at a later age than heterosexual teens. This is due in part to

answer

difficulty meeting appropriate romantic partners.

question

According to natural selection, specific traits that may have emerged through evolution are those that

answer

fool potential mates into seeing positive traits.

question

Darren argued that all the romantic couples he knows are people who are very similar to each other. He says this is because they tend to be in the same places and situations. His argument is closest to the sociological term

answer

homophily.

question

Which of the following groups is most likely to date within their racial-ethnic group?

answer

African Americans

question

What do the ongoing controversies over segregated high school proms suggest about the pace of social change?

answer

Informal behaviors like dating may change more quickly than formal behaviors like marriage.

question

High school proms have been a battleground for interracial, interethnic, and homosexual partnerships because

answer

many adults see prom as an important event in the mate selection script.

question

Which of the following issues has been controversial at high school proms in recent years?

answer

students bringing a same-sex date to the event

question

Your text argues that diversity in relationships is scripted. This means that

answer

a variety of ways of forming and maintaining relationships are common today.

SYG2430- Family and Marriage Midterm – Flashcards

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