question

The process of audience analysis and adaptation affects every aspect of speech preparation from choosing a topic to delivering the speech. True False

answer

True

question

A speaker's frame of reference and a listener's frame of reference will never be exactly the same. True False

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True

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Both public speaking and conversation involve adapting to listener feedback. True False

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True

question

Public speaking is more highly structured than everyday conversation. True False

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True

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Public speaking usually requires more formal language than everyday conversation. True False

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True

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Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message. True False

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True

question

A listener's ethical obligations include a. being courteous and attentive during a speech. b. agreeing with everything a speaker says. c. maintaining the free and open expression of ideas. d. all of the above. e. a and c only.

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e. a and c only.

question

According to your textbook, the branch of philosophy that deals with human issues of right and wrong is termed Select one: morality existentialism ethics legality rationality

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Ethics

question

According to your textbook, __________ plagiarism occurs when a speaker copies word for word from two or three sources. Select one: secondary global patchwork partial incrementa

answer

Patchwork

question

The three kinds of plagiarism discussed in your textbook are Select one: literary plagiarism, scientific plagiarism, and speech plagiarism. global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism. universal plagiarism, incremental plagiarism, and accidental plagiarism. essential plagiarism, incidental plagiarism, and global plagiarism.

answer

global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, and incremental plagiarism.

question

Public speakers who seek to communicate with listeners from cultures other than their own need to take special care to avoid __________ in their speeches. Select one: ethnocentrism personal statements visual aids gestures vocalized pauses

answer

ethnocentrism

question

Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To inform my audience about the three major kinds of drone aircraft used by the U.S. military"? Select one: topical chronological spatial causal analytical

answer

Tropical

question

According to your textbook, what is the most important reason for limiting the number of main points in a speech? Select one: It is hard to deliver a speech extemporaneously if it has too many main points. It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points. It is hard to phrase the central idea if a speech has too many main points. It is hard to maintain parallel wording if there are too many main points. It is hard to organize supporting materials if there are too many main points.

answer

It is hard for the audience to keep track of too many main points.

question

The topical pattern of organization divides the topic of the speech into logical and consistent subtopics. True False

answer

True

question

When preparing a speech introduction, you should usually Select one: none of these gain the attention and interest of your audience. establish your credibility on the speech topic. all of these preview the main points to be discussed in the body.

answer

All of these

question

When arranged in topical order, the main points of a speech usually follow a time sequence. Select one: True False

answer

False

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According to your textbook, if the following statement occurred in the body of a speech, it would be an example of what kind of connective? "In order to get a better understanding of how the proposed copper mine will harm the environment, we shall consider its effects on the land, its effects on the water, and its effects on wildlife." Select one: signpost internal summary internal preview bridge tranistion

answer

Internal Preview

question

One function of a speech conclusion is to reinforce the speaker's central idea. Select one: True False

answer

True

question

Like the main points of a speech, subpoints and supporting materials also should be strategically organized. Select one: True False

answer

True

question

When developing a speech, you should try to roughly balance the amount of time devoted to each main point. Select one: True False

answer

True

question

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of a transition: "Now that we've seen how binge drinking is a serious problem for many students, let's look at some ways to help curb the problem." Select one: True False

answer

True

question

A preparation outline should include your bibliography. Select one: True Correct False

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True

question

Even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech introduction, you should always Select one: tell an inspiring story. relate the topic to the audience. startle the audience. present striking statistics. use a rhetorical question.

answer

Relate the topic to the audience

question

According to your textbook, how well a speech is organized likely will influence Select one: how confident the speaker feels about his or her delivery. none of these how clearly the audience understands the speech. how the audience views the competence of the speaker. all of these

answer

All of these

question

Which of the following does your textbook recommend for preparing main points? Select one: none of these all of these Devote each main point to a separate aspect of the topic. Be sure to use a visual aid with each main point. Limit the number of main points to between two and five.

answer

Devote each main point to a separate aspect of the topic.

question

Regardless of what other methods you use to gain attention, you should always relate the topic to your audience in the introduction of a speech. Select one: True False

answer

True

question

Audience-centeredness means that public speakers should Select one: keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process. use any means necessary to gain the assent of the audience. none of these avoid choosing topics that are controversial.

answer

keep the audience foremost in mind throughout the speechmaking process.

question

You are giving a speech to a high school audience about the importance of voting in the upcoming election. Who is your primary target audience? Select one: students apathetic about politics students old enough to vote students apathetic about politics students curious about the political process

answer

students old enough to vote

question

Which of the concepts/terms listed below is not part of the rhetorical foreground? Select one: occasion exigence message speaker outline

answer

Outline

question

Communication scholars use the term "egocentricism" to refer to the process by which speakers seek to create a bond with audiences by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences. Select one: True False

answer

False

question

Audience adaptation is an important factor in which of the following steps of the speechmaking process? Select one: all of these writing an introduction and conclusion none of these formulating a specific purpose choosing visual aids

answer

All of these

question

Audience size, the physical setting for the speech, and the audience's disposition toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion are all elements of situational audience analysis. Select one: True False

answer

True

question

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people or assuming that all members of the group are alike is called Select one: sensationalism egocentricism genotyping stereotyping ethnocentricism

answer

Stereotyping

question

Gender, sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, and group membership are all factors to consider when conducting a demographic audience analysis. Select one: True False

answer

True

question

Constraints are both internal and external obstacles that stand in the way of a problem's successful resolution. Select one: True False

answer

True

question

The process of audience analysis and adaptation affects every aspect of speech preparation from choosing a topic to delivering the speech. Select one: True False

answer

True

question

Creating mental images of objects, actions, and ideas.

answer

Imagery

question

What a word does rather than what it refers to; tied to immediate context.

answer

Practical meaning

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The literal meaning most people associate with a word

answer

Denotative meaning

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A type of meaning that we attach a positive or negative value to, determined by tone

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Cognitive meaning

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Secondary demonstrative or connotative meanings

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Associated meaning

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Physical activity Sports Basketball Professional basketball Kobe Bryant Abstract -> Concrete

answer

Abstract Vs. Concrete

question

The words and phrases you choose to use in your speech/

answer

Figurative style

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1. Different types of meaning and context 2. Concrete words 3. Using examples 4. Tropes 5. Figures of speech

answer

Types of Figurative Styles

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Occasion Audience Topic Speaker

answer

Appropriate Language

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Objects Photos Graphs Drawings Charts Powerpoints

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Kinds of Visual Aids

question

Show statistical trends & patterns

answer

Graphs

question

Summarize large block of info, usually a list

answer

Charts

question

Use strategically Use the enhance specific points Don't overpower presentation Don't read from screen

answer

Powerpoint

question

Prepare well in advance Keep it simple Make it large enough Limit amount of text Use fonts and color effectively Use images strategically

answer

Preparing Visual Aids

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High contrast Easy to see Limited number Consistent across slides

answer

Effective Colors

question

Enlarge for audience Avoid passings around Display with Powerpoint

answer

Photos & Drawings

question

Display where listeners can see Avoid passing around Display only while discussing Explain clearly Talk to audience not visual aid Practice with visual aids

answer

Presenting Visual Aid

question

Creating, reinforcing, and/ or changing people's beliefs or actions.

answer

Persuasion

question

Persuasive speeches are usually about:

answer

Questions of Fact Value Policy

question

Deals with truth of falsity and assertion

answer

Question of Fact

question

Deals with worth or the rightness of an idea of action

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Question of Value

question

Whether a course of action should not be taken.

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Question of Policy

question

Convinces audience a policy is desirable, but avoids encouraging specific action to support that policy.

answer

Passive Agreement

question

Convinces audience to act in support of policy.

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Immediate Action

question

1. Problem-solution 2. Problem-cause-solution 3. Comparative advantages 4. Monroe's motivated sequence

answer

Organizing your Speech

question

Five step sequence used for persuasive speeches.

answer

Attention Need Satisfaction Visualization Action

question

Building credibility Using evidence Reasoning Appealing to emotions

answer

Methods of Persuasion

question

Logical appeals based on evidence and reasoning

answer

Logos

question

Appeals to emotion

answer

Pathos

question

How is logos achieved?

answer

through reason

question

4 Types of Reasoning

answer

Specific Instances Principle Casual Analogical

question

Moving from particular facts to general conclusion

answer

Specific Instances

question

Moving from general principle to specific conclusion

answer

Principle

question

Cause-effect relationships

answer

Causal

question

Comparing similar cases

answer

Analogical

question

Primary position being advanced

answer

Claim

question

Supporting evidence for the claim

answer

Grounds

question

The inferential leap that connects the Claim with the Ground (the why)

answer

Warrant

question

Reason used to justify the warrant

answer

Backing

question

Acknowledges conditions where the Claim might not hold

answer

Rebuttal

question

Admits the degree of certainty or confidence the speaker has in claim.

answer

Qualification

question

5 Types of Warrants

answer

Generalization Analogy Sing Causation Principle

question

This Snickers is good, so all Snickers must be good. (One stands for all)

answer

Generalization

question

This Snickers is like a cold drink of water on a hot day! (Treat A as B)

answer

Analogy

question

There are always empty Snickers wrappers by the vending machine. (A is indicative of B)

answer

Sign

question

You're hungry and Snickers satisfies (A brings about B)

answer

Causation

question

Snickers are yummy and yummy is good (A is B)

answer

Principle

question

Stands for arguments that should not have been made in the form and context they were delivered.

answer

Fallacy

question

By presenting two clear but completely opposite qualities

answer

Either/ Or (Fallacies)

question

Exaggerate the series of inevitable and terrible consequences that follow performing some action

answer

Slippery Slope (Fallacies)

question

Argument that encourages and audience to do something because the majority of people do it.

answer

Bandwagon (Fallacies)

question

Argumentative start that undermines an opposing position

answer

Ad Hominem (Fallacies)

question

Strategy of attributing causes or effects based on ones immediate desirers or fears

answer

False Cause (Fallacies)

question

Occurs when the cause of undesired effects is attributed falsely

answer

Scapegoating (Fallacies)

question

Speaker distracts attention from an unpleasant issue by focusing on something unrelated

answer

Red Herring (Fallacies)

question

Latin for "it does not follow" a statement that has no apparent connection with the statements that came before or come after it.

answer

Non Sequitur (Fallacies)

question

All emotions can be characterized by two things:

answer

Orientation and salience

question

Establish your credibility Connect with our audience Support your claim Avoid fallacies Use one emotional appeal End with a call to action

answer

Ethos, Logos, & Pathos in your Speech

Speech 211 – Flashcards

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